The four steps of first aid are: 1) assess the situation and any dangers, 2) diagnose what is wrong with the patient, 3) provide immediate treatment, and 4) arrange appropriate transport. When assessing a patient, check for response, send for help if needed, ensure their airway is clear, check their breathing and circulation, and use defibrillation if needed. The level of consciousness is assessed on a scale of alert, responding to voice, responding to pain, or unresponsive.