Seminar slides of presentation given by Danny Dalton, MS student at Oregon State University, on 21 October, 2008.

1. Plant Phenological Responses to Climate Change a presentation by: Daniel T. Dalton Oregon State University Department of Horticulture 21 October 2008

3. Climate Change Defined “ Change in the state of the climate that can be identified… by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period” ( IPCC 2007 ) hprechtb Georgie Sharp Enzo D.

11. Carbon Cycle ( NASA 2008 ) 5.5 billion tons C per year!!! Global Carbon Pool (GtC) Atmospheric Terrestrial Aquatic Anthropogenic Total Atmosphere 750 Vegetation 610 Surface ocean 1020 Fossil fuel 4000 Soil 1580 DIC 38100 Sediment 150 Marine life 3 DOC 700 Subtotal 750 2190 39973 4000 46913

12. Water Cycle ( NASA/GSFC 2006 ) Click here for an animated depiction of the water cycle.

13. Nitrogen Cycle ( Farming Futures 2008 )

15. Today’s CO 2 Distribution ( NASA/JPL 2008 )

16. Effects of Elevated CO 2 ( Erhardt and Rusterholz 1997 ) Varying species responses to atmospheric changes Species Impacts on Flowers Nectar volume Nectar sugar Notes Lotus corniculatus 60% increase in number of flowers unchanged n.s. Legume Trifolium pratense 35% decrease in number of flowers unchanged n.s. Legume Betonica officinalis 7.8 days earlier bloom 28% reduction n.s. 27% fewer amino acids per flower Scabiosa columbaria n.s. 50% reduction 45% decrease per flower 40% fewer amino acids per flower Centaurea jacea 35% more likely to flower 38% reduction 31% decrease per flower 39% fewer amino acids per flower

23. Resources and Phenological Networks Phenological Networks Project Budburst: http:// www.windows.ucar.edu/citizen_science/budburst/index.html USA National Phenology Network: http:// www.usanpn.org / NatureWatch (Canada): http:// www.naturewatch.ca/english / Nature’s Calendar (UK): http:// www.naturescalendar.org.uk / Climate Watch Networks GLOBE: http:// www.globe.gov/r The Alliance for Climate Protection: http:// www.wecansolveit.org / NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division: http:// www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: http:// www.ipcc.ch General Websites Flickr: http:// www.flickr.com Wikipedia: http:// www.wikipedia.com

24. Articles Cited Bokhorst, S., J.W. Bjerke, F.W. Bowles, J. Melillo, T.V. Callaghan, and G.K. Phoenix. 2008. Impacts of Extreme Winter Warming in the Sub-Arctic: growing season responses of dwarf shrub heathland. Global Change Biology 14: 1-10 Erhardt, A. and H-P. Rusterholz. 1997. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Flowering Phenology and Nectar Production. Acta Oecologica 18(3): 249-253 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Allali, A., R. Bjariu, S. Diaz, I. Elgizouli, D. Griggs, D. Hawkins, O. Hohmeyer, B.P. Jallow, L. Kajfez-Bogataj, N. Leary, H. Lee, and D. Wratt, eds. Accessed 10/8/2008 online: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf Orr, J.C., V.J. Fabry, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, R.M. Key, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R.G. Najjar, G-K. Plattner, K.B. Rodgers, C.L. Sabine, J.L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R.D. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool. 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437 (7059):681-686 Post, E.S., C. Pedersen, C.C. Wilmers, and M.C. Forchhammer. 2008. Phenological Sequences Reveal Aggregate Life History Response to Climatic Warming. Ecology 89(2): 363-370 Sherry, R.A., X. Zhou, S. Gu, J.A. Arnone III, D.S. Schimel, P.S. Verburg, L.L. Wallace, and Y. Luo. 2007. Divergence of Reproductive Phenology Under Climatic Warming. PNAS 104(1): 198-202 Sitch, S., C. Huntingford, N. Gedney, P.E. Levy, M. Lomas, S.L. Piao, R. Betts, P. Ciais, P. Cox, P. Friedlingstein, C.D. Jones, I.C. Prentice, and F.I. Woodward. 2008. Evaluation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle, Future Plant Geography and Climate-Carbonn Cycle Feedbacks Using Five Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs). Global Change Biology 14: 2015-2039` Wiegolaski, F.E. 2001. Phenological Modifications in Plants by Various Edaphic Factors. International Journal of Biometeorology 45: 196-202