Project 2 Building Science

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303]
PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT (COMMUNITY LIBRARY)
NAME: CLEMENT CHEN KIT SEONG
ID: 0319574
TUTOR: MR EDWIN

2. Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Project Introduction
2.0 Lighting Calculation (Space A)
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
2.3 PSALI
3.0 Lighting Calculation (Space B)
3.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
3.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.3 PSALI
4.0 References

3. 1.0Introduction
1.1 Objectives
The objectives of this project is to integrate the lighting analysis and design into our community library
which is located at Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman. The site selected is east-west facing where
daylighting is a critical issue to be considered, we are required to bring in and utilize as much natural
lighting as possible for the design of our community library to reduce the usage of artificial lighting. As
natural lighting provides a better lighting condition and produce more comfortable spatial qualities.
However, the intelligent integration and placement of artificial lightings is also another important factor
to ensure a suitable and sufficient luminance in the reading spaces.
1.2 Project Introduction
The design intention of my community library is to make a contrast out of Jalan TAR and recreate the
history of Jalan TAR as a journey of experience as a historical community library where there are
gallery spaces, exhibition spaces and an open lounge for tourists to make use. Therefore, being a
historical library involves an abundance of open spaces such as voids thus needing optimal amount of
daylight to aid the visual quality of the public gallery, exhibition, lounge and library spaces.

4. 2.0Lighting Calculation (Space A)
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
Space A is selected for study which is the Meeting Area located facing the north of the building on the
Second floor and is 3 meters high.
Daylight factor is defined as the ratio of interior luminance, Ei to available outdoor illuminance, Eo which
is the unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance:
DF= Ei (Indoor illuminance) x100%
Eo (Outdoor illuminace)
Zone DF(%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Large (thermal & Glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distribution is known or can
reasonably be estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor illuminance in Malaysia is assumed
according to the standard which is 20000 lux (Refer to table 2.1.2)
Luminance level (lux) Example
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire blue sky, midday
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
4000 Sunrise/Sunset
<200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds
40 Fully over cast, sunrise/sunset
<1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunrise/sunset.

5. Second Floor Plan & location of Meeting Area
Section of building indicating location of Meeting Area

6. Figure 2.1 Lighting Analysis Diagram
Floor area (m2) 37.65
Area of Façade exposed to light Perimeter = 6.38
Height= 3.00
Area=19.14
Area of skylight (m2) 0
Exposed façade to light and skylight area to
Floor area ratio (Daylight Factor)
19.14/37.65
=0.50
=50%X0.1
=5.0 %
Daylight Factor, DF DF= Ei (Indoor illuminance) x100%
Eo (Outdoor illuminace)
Ei= 5.0x200
= 1000 lux

7. Conclusion
The Meeting Area has a daylight factor of 5.0% and natural illumination of 1000 lux. Based on the
requirements of MS 1525, the space is well lit by natural daylight due to the exceeding values of the
required levels. However, during intense times of the day, light can become very uncomfortable
especially at the immediate area near the void. Therefore, a façade system of horizonal louvers and
smart glass system is designed to provide the sufficient amounts of sunlight and daylight at the same
time provide thermal and illuminance comfort when it becomes too intense for human comfort levels

8. 2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
Because of the nature of activities that will be held in the meeting area, it is important for the space to
be illuminated properly. This is why artificial lighting is still needed in spite of the fact that the space sit
next to outdoors. Based on MS1525, the required lux for a meeting room is 300-500 lux.
Lumen Method Calculation
Type of luminaire proposed:
TYPE OF FIXTURE LED RECESSED LUMINAIRE
TYPE OF MODEL
COMPANY PHILIPS
GEOMETRY 15X15X15 cm
LUMEN 1000
WATT 13
COLOUR DESIGNATION WHITE
DIMENSION OF ROOM (LxW) 5.9x6.38
FLOOR AREA 37.65 m2
HEIGHT OF CEILING (m) 3.0
LUMEN 1000
HEIGHT OF LIGHTING 3.0
HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL 0.8
MOUNTING HEIGHT 2.7
REFLECTION FACTORS CEILING =0.7
WALL= 0.5
FLOOR= 0.2
ROOM INDEX/RI (K) 37.65 / 2.7 x (5.9+6.38)
=1.13
UTILISATION FACTOR 0.40
MAINTAINANCE FACTOR 0.80
NUMBER OF LAMPS REQUIRED N= 300 x 37.65 / 1000 x 0.40 x 0.80
= 35.29
N = 35
SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO SHR = 1/Hm x √A/N

9. = 1/2.7 x √ 37.65/35
= 0.38
SHR = S/2.7 = 0.38
S= 2.7 x 0.38
= 1.04
FITTINGS LAYOUT FITTINGS REQUIRED = 6.38/1.04
= 6 ROWS
NUMBER OF LAMPS = 35/6
IN EACH ROW = 5.8333
= 6 LAMPS
SPACING ALONG WALL = 1.06m
Fitting Layout
Figure 2.2.1 Proposed Fitting Layout of Meeting Area

10. Conclusion
The Meeting Area is arranged with 6 rows of recessed LED luminaires to achieve MS1525 requirement
of minimum of 300 Lux for meeting & reading room space. This sufficient illuminance will allow for work
to de done efficiently and properly.
2.3 PSALI
Based on the calculations and the light contour analysis the total 35 luminaires in the meeting area can
be controlled using 4 switches. The first 3 switches controls the meeting room individually and the last
switch controls the outside of the room. This allows the most flexibility to control lighting of all areas
Figure 2.2.2 Proposed Reflected Ceiling Plan & Switch Arrangement

11. 3.0Lighting Calculation (Space B)
3.1 Daylight Analysis
Space B that has been selected for study is the Exhibition Hall that is located on the Ground Floor,
facing westwards of the building.
Figure 3.1.1 Ground floor plan & indicated exhibition space

12. Figure 3.1 Lighting Analysis Diagram
Daylight factor is defined as the ratio of interior luminance, Ei to available outdoor illuminance, Eo which
is the unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance:
DF= Ei (Indoor illuminance) x100%
Eo (Outdoor illuminace)
Zone DF(%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Large (thermal & Glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good

13. Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distribution is known or can
reasonably be estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor illuminance in Malaysia is assumed
according to the standard which is 20000 lux (Refer to table 2.1.2)
Luminance level (lux) Example
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire blue sky, midday
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
4000 Sunrise/Sunset
<200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds
40 Fully over cast, sunrise/sunset
<1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunrise/sunset.
Daylighting Factor Calculation
Floor area (m2) 27.74
Area of Façade exposed to light Perimeter = 5.00
Height= 3.00
Area=15.00
Area of skylight (m2) 0
Exposed façade to light and skylight area to
Floor area ratio (Daylight Factor)
15.00/27.74
=0.54
=54%X0.1
=5.4 %
Daylight Factor, DF DF= Ei (Indoor illuminance) x100%
Eo (Outdoor illuminace)
Ei= 5.4x200
= 1080 lux
Conclusion
The Meeting Area has a daylight factor of 5.4% and natural illumination of 1080 lux. Based on the
requirements of MS 1525, the space is well lit by natural daylight. It is also not too intense and creates
a comfortable thermal zone, suitable for exhibition and exhibits.

14. 3.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
Due to the activities such as exhibitions, displays, galleries etc. It is essential to have proper lighting
that is needed for highlighting exhibits. Based on MS1525, the recommended levels for galleries and
exhibits is 300 lux.
Lumen Method Calculation
Type of luminaire proposed:
TYPE OF FIXTURE LED TRACK LIGHTS
TYPE OF MODEL
COMPANY PHILIPS
GEOMETRY -
LUMEN 1700
WATT 10
COLOUR DESIGNATION WARM WHITE
DIMENSION OF ROOM (LxW) 5.45 x 5.09
FLOOR AREA 27.74 m2
HEIGHT OF CEILING (m) 3.0
LUMEN 1700
HEIGHT OF LIGHTING 3.0
HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL 0.8
MOUNTING HEIGHT 2.7
REFLECTION FACTORS CEILING =0.7
WALL= 0.5
FLOOR= 0.2
ROOM INDEX/RI (K) 27.74 / 2.7 x (5.45+5.09)
=0.97
UTILISATION FACTOR 0.40

15. MAINTAINANCE FACTOR 0.80
NUMBER OF LAMPS REQUIRED N= 300 x 27.74 / 1700 x 0.40 x 0.80
= 15.29
N = 15
SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO SHR = 1/Hm x √A/N
= 1/2.7 x √ 27.74/15
= 0.50
SHR = S/2.7 = 0.50
S= 2.7 x 0.50
= 1.35
FITTINGS LAYOUT FITTINGS REQUIRED = 5.45/1.35
= 4 ROWS
NUMBER OF LAMPS = 15/4
IN EACH ROW = 3.75
= 4 LAMPS
SPACING ALONG WALL = 1.36m
Figure 3.2.1 Proposed Fitting layout of Exhibition Hall
Conclusion
The exhibition hall is arranged with 4 rows of 4 LED track lights that is able to achieve the MS 1525
requirement of a recommended 300 Lux for the space.

16. 3.3 PSALI
Based on the calculations and light contour analysis, the 16 total led lighting can be controlled using 4
switches to provide maximum flexibility of lighting in the space during exhibitions.

17. 4.0 References
1. “Brightness, Luminance and Contrast- 4Ourth Mobile Design Pattern Library”
4ourth.com. N.p., 2016. Web 16 Jul. 2017
2. “ Daylight Factor”. New-learn.info. N.p., 2017 Web. 16 Jul. 2017
3. “ Lux Level- M&E Engineer Guide”. Malaysiaengineer.wordpress.com. N.p., 2017
Web. 16 Jul. 2017