1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2
PROJECT 2
INTEGRATION OF DAYLIGHTING & ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES IN
MEDAN PASAR COMMUNITY LIBRARY DESIGN
TEO CHONG YIH
0314660
TUTOR: AR. EDWIN
3. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
Thisprojectaimsto promote the understandingif the principlesof lightingbyintegrate withthe
communitylibrarydesign. Besides,thisprojectalsoaimstoimprove the designsolvingskillsinrelation
to sustainabilityissuesbasedonthe natural lightingandsite analysis.Thisprojectencompasses
advanceddaylightingsystemsandthe integrationsof electrical lighting,aswell asPSALImethodas
strategiesforlightingconditionsandproduce architectural qualityspaces.
1.2 Project introduction
The communitylibraryislocatedatJalan Hang Kasturi nearbyMedanPasar square.The conceptof the
libraryis“enhance the historyof the site bytying historical piecemeal of the site throughreminiscesof
the streetscape andrevitalize the area”.Derived fromthe site perception,“humanassignboard”comes
fromthe protrudingof the signboardaround the site whichisa clearand strong representationthe
character of the site itself aspeoplemeanderthroughthe site. The formof the buildingissplitintotwo
blocksto create an internal streettolinkthe spacesandencourage people towalkin. The splitcreated
a voidwhere the twistingof eachfloorcreate the differentinterestingview pointandalsoincrease the
passive contact.The voidallows penetrationof the light intothe libraryspacestoincrease the
sustainabilityof the library.
9. 3.0 Lighting analysis
3.1 DaylightFactorAnalysis
Daylightfactoris definedasthe rationof interiorilluminance,Ei toavailable outdoorilluminance Eo
whichisunobstructedhorizontal exteriorilluminance:
DF = Ei (IndoorIlluminance) x 100%
Eo (OutdoorIlluminance)
ZONE DF (%) Distribution
Verybright >6 Large (includingthermal andglare problem)
Bright 3 – 6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Figure 3.1.1 Daylightfactorsand distribution(Departmentof standardMalaysia2007)
The daylightfactorconceptis applicable onlywhenthe skyilluminance distributionisknownorcan
reasonablybe estimated.Inthiscase study,the average outdoorilluminance inMalaysiaisassumed
accordingto the standardwhichis20000 lux.
Luminance level (lux) Example
120, 000 Brightestsunlight
110, 000 Brightsunlight
20, 000 Shade illuminatedbyentireclearblue sky,midday
1000 - 2000 Typical overcastday,midday
400 Sunrise/sunsetonclearday(ambientillumination)
<200 Extreme of darkeststormclouds,midday
40 Fullyovercast,sunrise/sunset
<1 Extreme oddarkeststormcloud,sunrise/sunset
Figure 3.1.2 Daylightintensityatdifferentcondition
Average Daylightfactor
Inside rooms,the maximumDFisnearthe windows,anditismainlydue tosky component.Inthe early
stagesof buildingdesign,the average daylightfactormaybe usedto assessthe adequacyof daylight:
Average 𝐷𝐹 =
𝑊
𝐴
×
𝑇0
(1−𝑅)
Where:W is the area of the window(m2
)
A is the total area of the internal surfaces(m2
)
T isthe glass transmittance correctedfordirt
0 isvisible skyangle indegreesfromthe centerof the window
R isthe average reflectance of areaA.
The valuesof these quantitiesare determinedformthe givendataandW,T and R are correctedby
usingfactorsgiveninthe BS DaylightCode andotherpublications.
10. 3.2 Shadowcasting
Date: 21 June 2017
Time:9 a.m.
Weathercondition:Sunny
The morningsun fromthe East directionblockedbythe shophouses,mostof the spacesisaffectedby
the blockingof the sunlightfromEastdirection.
Date: 21 June 2017
Time:12 p.m.
Weathercondition:Sunny
Duringthishour,the directionof the sunlightiscomingfrom top.The excessive strongsunlightis
reducedasit isfilteredthroughthe louvers.
11. Date: 21 June 2017
Time:5 p.m.
Weathercondition:Sunny
The eveningsunaffectsthe westernsideof the buildingwhichisthe frontfaçade,butthe highrise hotel
infront of the libraryblockedmostof the sunlight Inorder to avoiduserdiscomfort,the frontfaçade is
installedwithmotorizedlouverstoreduce the directpenetrationof the eveningsun.Andthe greenery
area locatedat the secondflooract as a bufferzone andreduces the directsunlightfromenteringthe
spaces.
12. 3.3Artificial Lighting Analysis
Lumen Method
Lumen method can be also calculated and used to determine the number of light should be installed on the
site. To know the number of lamps, calculation of total luminance of the space need to be done based on
the number of fixtures and examines the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space.
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
Where,
N = Number of lamps required
E = Illuminance level required (Lux)
A = Area at working plane height (m2
)
F = Average luminous flux from each lump (lm)
UF = Utilization factor, an allowance for light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces
MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt
RoomIndex
RoomIndex,RI,isthe ratioof roomplanarea to haft wall areabetweenthe workingandluminaire
planes,
Whichcan be calculate by: 𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 𝑥 𝑊
𝐻 𝑚 𝑥 (𝐿+𝑊)
Where,
L = Lengthof room
W = Widthof room
Hm = Mountingheight,the vertical distance betweenthe workingplaneandthe luminaire
13. 4.0 Space A (Lobby) DaylightAnalysis
Ground Floor Plan
FloorArea(m2
) 67m2
Areaof façade exposedtolight(m2)
Perimeter=(2.85 x 2.1) + (5.5 x 1) + (3.6 x1)
Area = 15.1 m2
Areaof skylight(m2
) 0
Exposedfaçade tolight& skylightareatoFloor
area ratio(Daylightfactor)
Average 𝐷𝐹 =
𝑊
𝐴
×
𝑇0
(1−𝑅)
=
15.1
148.9
×
0.6×40
(1−0.5)
= 4.8 %
Daylightfactor,DF
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸𝑖
𝐸𝑜
× 100%
4.8 = (
𝐸𝑖
30000
) × 100%
Ei = 4.8 × 300
= 1440 lux
14. Daylightcontour
From the daylightanalysis,the lobbyof the libraryhasa daylightfactorof 4.8 % and the natural
illumination of 1440 lux.The openinghave ahigherlux value assunlightispenetratedintothe space.
The natural illuminance ismore thansufficientthanthe standardilluminationrequirementof 100lux,
thusblindsare installedtoreduce glare toa more comfortable setting.
15. Space B (Individual studyarea) DaylightAnalysis
Third floor plan
FloorArea(m2
) 74 m2
Areaof façade exposedtolight(m2)
Perimeter=(4 x 1) + (3.3 x 1 ) + (5.5 x 1) + (2.0 x 1)
Area = 14.8
Areaof skylight(m2
) 0
Exposedfaçade tolight& skylightareatoFloor
area ratio(Daylightfactor)
Average 𝐷𝐹 =
𝑊
𝐴
×
𝑇0
(1−𝑅)
=
14.8
165.3
×
0.6 ×90
(1−0.5)
= 9.72 %
Daylightfactor,DF
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸𝑖
𝐸𝑜
× 100%
9.72 = (
𝐸𝑖
30000
) × 100%
Ei = 9.72 × 300
= 2916 lux
16. Daylightcontour
From the daylightanalysis,the individual studyareahasa daylightfactorof 9.72 % and the natural
illuminationof 2916 lux.The standardilluminationrequirementof the space is300 lux,thusthe natural
illuminance ismore thansufficienttoilluminatethe space.Blindsare installedtoreduce glare forthe
usersto studycomfortablywithinthe space.
17. 5.0 Space A (Lobby) Artificial lightingAnalysis
Fixture Properties
Type of fixture RecessmountedCircularLEDDownlight
Image of fixture
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminousflux (lm) 900 lm
Power(W) 15
ColourTemperature (K) 6000
Colourrenderingindex 70
18. Room Indexcalculation
Dimensionof room(m) L = 13.8, W = 7
Total floorarea(m2
) 67
Heightof ceiling(m) 3.85
Type of lightfixture RecessmountedcircularLED Downlight
Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 900
Heightof luminaires(m) 0
Heightof workingplane (m) 0.8
Mountingheight(Hm) 3.85 – 0.8 = 3.05
StandardilluminationrequiredaccordingtoMS
1525 and JKR
100
Roomindex,RI(K) RI =
𝐿 ×𝑊
𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿+𝑊)
RI =
96.6
3.05×(13.8+ 7)
= 1.52
LumenMethodCalculation
Reflectance factor
Plasterwall:0.45 Concrete ceiling:0.7 Woodenflooring:0.3V
20. Space A PSALI Method
LightFittingSpacingDiagram(ReflectedCeilingPlan)
Artificial LightContourDiagram
The previousdaylightcontourdiagramshownthatthe lobbyreceivesnatural lightenteredthroughthe
openingsalongthe walls.However asit islocatedonthe groundfloor, the sunlightpenetrationis
insufficienttoilluminate the space.The artificial lightingcontourabove showsthe lightingcondition
afterthe lightingfixture isinstalledandplannedalongthe space.The lightsource isdistributedevenly
throughoutthe space.RecessmountedcircularceilingLEDDownlightdistributes low luminouslevelsas
requiredby MS 1525 for a lobbyspace.
21. Space B (Individual study area) Artificial LightingAnalysis
Type of fixture LED PendentLight
Image of fixture
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminousflux (lm) 2800 lm
Power(W) 47
ColourTemperature (K) 5000
Colourrenderingindex 80
22. Room Indexcalculation
Dimensionof room(m) L = 15.8, W = 4.2
Total floorarea(m2
) 74m2
Heightof ceiling(m) 3.85
Type of lightfixture LED PendentLight
Luminousflux of lighting,F(lm) 618
Heightof luminaires(m) 3.85 – 0.45 – 0.8 = 2.6m
Heightof workingplane (m) 0.8
Mountingheight(Hm) 3.85 – 0.8 = 3.05
StandardilluminationrequiredaccordingtoMS
1525 and JKR
300
Roomindex,RI(K) RI =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿+𝑊)
RI =
66.4
3.05×(15.8+ 4.2)
= 1.10
Lumen MethodCalculation
Reflectance factor
Plasterwall:0.45 Concrete ceiling:0.7 Woodenflooring:0.3
24. Space B PSALI Method
LightFittingSpacingDiagram(ReflectedCeilingPlan)
Artificial LightContourDiagram
The previousdaylightcontourdiagramindicatesthatthe individual studyareareceivesnatural light
throughthe openingsandvoid.However,some of the sunlightisblockedbythe wallswhichcauses
unevensunlightdistribution.The artificial lightingcontourabove showsthe lightingconditionafterthe
lightingfixture isinstalledandplannedalongthe space.The lightsource isdistributedevenlythroughout
the space.The LED pendantlightdistributes 800lmof luminousflux toilluminatethe space sufficiently
for the usersto studyinthe evening.
25. 6.0 Reference
MS 1525 2014 | BuildingInsulation|Ventilation(Architecture).(2017).Scribd.
Materials- LightReflectingFactors.(2017). Engineeringtoolbox.com.
LED Pendantlight-guidingpanel type |SmartArchi |lighting|Eco solutions|Business|Panasonic
Global.(2017). Panasonic.net.
LED DownLight| Consumer| Products| India| lighting|Eco solutions|Business|PanasonicGlobal.
(2017). Panasonic.net.
