Project 2

1. Contents
1.0​ ​Introduction
1.1​ ​Design​ ​Statement
2.0​ ​Floor​ ​Plans
3.0​ ​Space​ ​A
3.1​ ​Lightning​ ​Contours
3.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
3.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​Used
3.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
3.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​proposal
4.0​ ​Space​ ​B
4.1​ ​Lightning​ ​Contours
4.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
4.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​Used
4.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
4.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​proposal
5.0​ ​References​ ​and​ ​Citations

2. 1.0​ ​Introduction
This​ ​project​ ​is​ ​an​ ​integration​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​design​ ​with​ ​design​ ​studio​ ​project,​ ​a
community​ ​library​ ​in​ ​Medan​ ​Pasar.​ ​It​ ​will​ ​encompass​ ​an​ ​artificial​ ​and​ ​daylighting
systems​ ​which​ ​also​ ​includes​ ​the​ ​implementation​ ​of​ ​PSALI​ ​strategies.​ ​It​ ​aims​ ​to​ ​show
the​ ​understanding​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​being​ ​parts​ ​that​ ​enhances​ ​the​ ​spaces​ ​in​ ​library.​ ​The
illuminance​ ​level​ ​of​ ​a​ ​library​ ​is​ ​studied​ ​and​ ​should​ ​be​ ​comfortable​ ​and​ ​suitable​ ​for
the​ ​users​ ​when​ ​using​ ​different​ ​function​ ​of​ ​space.​ ​As​ ​a​ ​library​ ​functions​ ​throughout
the​ ​day​ ​till​ ​night,​ ​the​ ​changes​ ​in​ ​the​ ​direction​ ​of​ ​the​ ​sun​ ​in​ ​the​ ​planning​ ​of​ ​correct
lightning​ ​is​ ​crucial​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​the​ ​efficiency​ ​of​ ​the​ ​library.
1.1​ ​Design​ ​Statement
The​ ​concept​ ​of​ ​the​ ​library​ ​is​ ​to​ ​aim​ ​recreating​ ​the​ ​familiarity​ ​of​ ​the​ ​social​ ​community
between​ ​the​ ​locals​ ​and​ ​foreigner​ ​through​ ​creating​ ​a​ ​3rd​ ​language​ ​library​ ​to
encourage​ ​the​ ​interactions​ ​between​ ​them.​ ​The​ ​segregation​ ​of​ ​these​ ​community​ ​has
resulted​ ​the​ ​form​ ​of​ ​pocket​ ​spaces​ ​in​ ​the​ ​square,​ ​the​ ​local​ ​community​ ​started​ ​to
distance​ ​themselves​ ​from​ ​this​ ​square​ ​as​ ​it​ ​used​ ​by​ ​the​ ​foreigner​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time.
This​ ​library​ ​serves​ ​as​ ​a​ ​social​ ​platform​ ​to​ ​these​ ​diverse​ ​community​ ​and​ ​provides
skills​ ​and​ ​reading​ ​space​ ​for​ ​them​ ​to​ ​interact.​ ​A​ ​the​ ​same​ ​time​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​each
other​ ​culture​ ​through​ ​observe,​ ​understand​ ​and​ ​engage.
Figure​ ​1.1.1​ ​Sun​ ​path​ ​over​ ​the​ ​site​ ​context​ ​for​ ​maximum​ ​daylight​ ​pass​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space.

3. Figure​ ​1.1.2​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​9a.m.​ ​Light​ ​penetrate​ ​through​ ​the​ ​east​ ​facade​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​is​ ​being
blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise​ ​building​ ​behind​.
Figure​ ​1.1.3​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​1p.m.​ ​Received​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​natural​ ​lights​ ​during​ ​the​ ​day.
Figure​ ​1.1.4​ ​​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​6p.m.​ ​​ ​The​ ​evening​ ​sun​ ​now​ ​penetrates​ ​through​ ​the​ ​library​ ​from​ ​the
front.​ ​This​ ​could​ ​be​ ​solved​ ​by​ ​having​ ​a​ ​perforated​ ​aluminium​ ​facade​ ​so​ ​that​ ​the​ ​space​ ​can​ ​be
convertible.

4. 3.0​ ​Space​ ​A​ ​:​ ​Language​ ​Collection​ ​(Daylightning)
The​ ​language​ ​collection​ ​is​ ​located​ ​on​ ​the​ ​first​ ​floor​ ​which​ ​is​ ​facing​ ​to​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side.
During​ ​daytime,​ ​the​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​enters​ ​the​ ​space​ ​through​ ​the​ ​large​ ​curtain​ ​wall​ ​but
there​ ​is​ ​not​ ​much​ ​light​ ​coming​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​side​ ​since​ ​is​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high
rise​ ​behind.​ ​Illuminance​ ​condition​ ​is​ ​fairly​ ​suitable​ ​for​ ​viewing​ ​and​ ​reading​ ​but​ ​some
shading​ ​device​ ​need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​added​ ​for​ ​better​ ​thermal​ ​comfort.
First​ ​Floor​ ​Plan

5. 3.1​ ​Light​ ​contours
Figure​ ​3.1.1​ ​Daylight​ ​contours​ ​of​ ​the​ ​language​ ​collection
The​ ​light​ ​contour​ ​diagrams​ ​show​ ​daylight​ ​entering​ ​the​ ​main​ ​collection​ ​area​ ​from​ ​the
exposed​ ​facade​ ​and​ ​it​ ​gradually​ ​lowers​ ​as​ ​it​ ​reaches​ ​towards​ ​the​ ​back​ ​end​ ​of​ ​space.
However,​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​facing​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side​ ​the​ ​interior​ ​space​ ​will​ ​received​ ​lesser
daylight​ ​during​ ​the​ ​morning.​ ​Therefore,​ ​supplementary​ ​artificial​ ​lighting​ ​should​ ​be
implemented​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​throughout​ ​the​ ​day.
Figure​ ​3.1.2​ ​Section​ ​of​ ​the​ ​space

6. 3.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculation
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​is​ ​defined​ ​as​ ​the​ ​ratio​ ​that​ ​represents​ ​the​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​illumination
available​ ​indoors​ ​relative​ ​to​ ​the​ ​illumination​ ​present​ ​outdoors​ ​at​ ​the​ ​same​ ​time​ ​under
overcast​ ​sky.​ ​Below​ ​is​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​shown​ ​:
Daylight​ ​Factor.​ ​DF​ ​=​​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
where,​ ​Ei​ ​=​ ​Indoor​ ​illuminance
​ ​​ ​Eo​ ​=​ ​Outdoor​ ​illuminance
Average​ ​Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​is​ ​calculated​ ​using​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​shown​ ​below:
Average​ ​DF​ ​= x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
where,​ ​W​ ​is​ ​the​ ​area​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window​ ​(​m²)
​ ​​ ​A​ ​is​ ​the​ ​total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​the​ ​internal​ ​surface​ ​(m²)
​ ​​ ​T​ ​is​ ​the​ ​glass​ ​transmittance​ ​corrected​ ​for​ ​dirt
​ ​​ ​​Θ​ ​is​ ​visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window
​ ​​ ​R​ ​is​ ​the​ ​average​ ​reflectance​ ​of​ ​area​ ​A
Zone DF​ ​% Distribution
Very​ ​bright ​ ​More​ ​than​ ​6 Large​ ​(involved​ ​thermal
and​ ​glare​ ​problem
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor

7. Space​ ​A​ ​:​ ​Daylight​ ​calculation
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
Area​ ​of​ ​window​ ​=​ ​6​ ​*​ ​3.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​21​ ​m²
Total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​internal​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​2(10*8.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(10​ ​*​ ​3.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(8.5*​ ​3.5)
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​170​ ​+​ ​70​ ​+​ ​59.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​299.5​ ​m²
Glass​ ​transmittance​ ​=​ ​0.6​ ​(double​ ​glazed)
Reflectance​ ​of​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​0.5
Visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window,​ ​​θ​ ​=​ ​60​°
Average​ ​daylight​ ​factor,​ ​DF​ ​=​ ​ x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
=​ ​ x​ ​21
299.5
0.6(60)
(1−0.5)
=​ ​5.04​ ​%
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​(DF)​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
5.04​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
20000
Ei​ ​=​ ​1008​ ​lux
The​ ​selected​ ​space​ ​has​ ​a​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​of​ ​5.04%​ ​which​ ​is​ ​considered​ ​good​ ​and
bright​ ​daylight​ ​distributions​ ​of​ ​light​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​curtain​ ​walls​ ​that​ ​facing​ ​towards​ ​the
front​ ​facade​ ​that​ ​provide​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​penetrates​ ​the​ ​interior​ ​for​ ​better​ ​reading
comfort.

8. 3.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​to​ ​be​ ​used
Round​ ​Downlight​ ​Lightning​ ​fixtures
Downlight​ ​is​ ​the​ ​most​ ​versatile​ ​sources​ ​of​ ​light​ ​for​ ​residential​ ​and​ ​commercial
buildings,​ ​it​ ​offer​ ​a​ ​layer​ ​of​ ​general​ ​lightning​ ​that​ ​seamlessly​ ​blends​ ​into​ ​any​ ​space.
Advantages
1.​ ​Illumination​ ​only,​ ​no​ ​fixtures​ ​visible
Downlight​ ​has​ ​the​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​hide​ ​or​ ​shrink​ ​into​ ​the​ ​ceiling​ ​is​ ​its​ ​strongest​ ​point.​ ​It​ ​give
off​ ​a​ ​soft​ ​subtle​ ​glow,​ ​which​ ​blurs​ ​the​ ​boundaries​ ​of​ ​the​ ​room​ ​and​ ​the​ ​space​ ​appears
larger.
2.​ ​Versatile​ ​and​ ​Efficient
Work​ ​more​ ​efficiently​ ​without​ ​the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​obtrusive​ ​light​ ​fixtures.​ ​Provide​ ​dimming
effects​ ​that​ ​are​ ​easy​ ​to​ ​control.
3.​ ​Accent
Create​ ​a​ ​soft​ ​glow​ ​coming​ ​out​ ​from​ ​the​ ​sides​ ​of​ ​objects,​ ​causing​ ​the​ ​object​ ​to​ ​draw
your​ ​eye​ ​to​ ​it​ ​naturally.​ ​It​ ​can​ ​be​ ​adjusted​ ​to​ ​provide​ ​either​ ​pleasant​ ​ambient​ ​lightning
or​ ​accent​ ​as​ ​circumstances​ ​require.
Disadvantages
1.​ ​High​ ​cost
The​ ​cost​ ​of​ ​bulbs​ ​and​ ​installation​ ​of​ ​downlight​ ​may​ ​be​ ​more​ ​expensive​ ​than​ ​a
traditional​ ​light​ ​fixtures.​ ​Also,​ ​it​ ​need​ ​many​ ​of​ ​them​ ​to​ ​cover​ ​a​ ​room.
2.​ ​Safety
An​ ​Insulation​ ​Contact​ ​(IC)​ ​rated​ ​light​ ​will​ ​not​ ​be​ ​safety​ ​risk​ ​but​ ​light​ ​that​ ​are​ ​not​ ​IC
rated​ ​may​ ​create​ ​heat,​ ​which​ ​can​ ​leads​ ​to​ ​fires.

9. 3.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
The​ ​sun​ ​shines​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​will​ ​be​ ​positioned​ ​behind​ ​the​ ​building.
The​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​passes​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space​ ​would​ ​be​ ​inadequate​ ​enough
to​ ​do​ ​any​ ​activities.​ ​Hence,​ ​LED​ ​downlight​ ​are​ ​needed​ ​to​ ​brighten​ ​up​ ​the​ ​language
collection.
Type​ ​of​ ​fixtures LED​ ​Round​ ​Downlight
Image​ ​of​ ​fixtures
Product​ ​Dimension 215mm
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminous Warm​ ​White
Luminous​ ​flux​ ​(lm) 2000
Power​ ​(W) 29
Colour​ ​Temperature​ ​(K) 3000
Colour​ ​Rendering​ ​Index 97
Average​ ​life​ ​rate​ ​(hours) 50000

10. Dimension​ ​of​ ​room​ ​(m) L=​ ​10m W=8.5m
Total​ ​Floor​ ​Area​ ​(m²) 85
Height​ ​of​ ​Ceiling​ ​(m) 3.5
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminaries LED​ ​round​ ​downlight
Luminous​ ​Flux​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​(lm),​ ​F 2000
Height​ ​of​ ​Lumiere(m) 3.0
Height​ ​of​ ​Workplane(m) 0.65
Mounting​ ​Height,​ ​Hm​ ​(m) 3.0​ ​-​ ​0.65​ ​=​ ​2.35
Reflectance​ ​Factor Ceiling​ ​(Concrete)​ ​0.7
Wall​ ​(White​ ​painted​ ​wall)​ ​0.5
Floor​ ​(Hardwood)​ ​0.1
Room​ ​Index,​ ​​ ​RI​ ​(K) L x W
Hm x (L+W)
=​ ​
10 x 8.5
2.35 x (10+8.5)
=​​ ​ 85
43.475
=​ ​1.955​ ​K
Utilization​ ​Factor,​ ​UF 0.59​ ​(Based​ ​on​ ​UF​ ​table)
Maintenance​ ​Factor,​ ​MF 0.8​ ​(standard)
Number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required,​ ​N
N​ ​=
E x A
F x UF x MF
N​ ​=
400 x 85
2000 x 0.59 x 0.8
​ ​​ ​​​ ​=​ ​
944
34000
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​36.01
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​36​ ​lamps
Lightning​ ​layout​ ​and​ ​spacing
Smax​ ​=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​2.35
=​ ​2.35​ ​m

11. 3.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​Proposal
Figure​ ​3.5.1​ ​Reflected​ ​Ceiling​ ​Plan​ ​of​ ​Language​ ​Collection
Based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​calculation​ ​for​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required​ ​(36
lamps)​ ​and​ ​the​ ​lightning​ ​spacing​ ​(max​ ​2.35m​ ​apart)​ ​determined,​ ​the​ ​fitting​ ​layout​ ​is
shown​ ​through​ ​the​ ​reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​plan​ ​above.​ ​36​ ​lamps​ ​are​ ​placed​ ​in​ ​6​ ​rows​ ​of
fittings​ ​each.​ ​The​ ​diagrams​ ​shows​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​between​ ​each​ ​lamp​ ​both​ ​horizontally
and​ ​vertically,​ ​which​ ​does​ ​not​ ​exceed​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​of​ ​2.35m.​ ​The​ ​light​ ​fittings​ ​are
controlled​ ​by​ ​3​ ​switch,​ ​where​ ​each​ ​switch​ ​controlling​ ​2​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​light​ ​to​ ​fulfilled​ ​PSALI
scheme.
Figure​ ​3.5.2​ ​Artificial​ ​Light​ ​Contour​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Language​ ​Collection

12. Psali​ ​Scheme
The​ ​language​ ​corner,​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​by​ ​daylight.​ ​However,​ ​daylight​ ​in
the​ ​space​ ​will​ ​gradually​ ​reduce​ ​as​ ​the​ ​day​ ​progresses,​ ​where​ ​the​ ​sun​ ​moves​ ​and​ ​so
PSALI​ ​is​ ​implemented​ ​here​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​constant​ ​sufficient​ ​illumination​ ​of​ ​space.
During​ ​the​ ​brightest​ ​portions​ ​of​ ​the​ ​day​ ​(when​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​is​ ​high),​ ​only​ ​row​ ​1​ ​&​ ​2
needs​ ​to​ ​be​ ​on​ ​where​ ​the​ ​inner​ ​part​ ​of​ ​space​ ​does​ ​not​ ​received​ ​sufficient​ ​daylight.
When​ ​the​ ​daylight​ ​level​ ​drops​ ​(lower​ ​daylight​ ​factor),​ ​row​ ​3​ ​&​ ​6​ ​can​ ​be​ ​turned​ ​on.
Only​ ​at​ ​night​ ​or​ ​very​ ​dark​ ​days,​ ​it​ ​will​ ​be​ ​necessary​ ​to​ ​on​ ​all​ ​switches​ ​as​ ​the
language​ ​collection​ ​is​ ​solely​ ​dependent​ ​on​ ​artificial​ ​lightning​ ​for​ ​illumination.
Figure​ ​3.5.3​ ​Psali​ ​strategy
Figure​ ​3.5.4​ ​When​ ​row​ ​1​ ​and​ ​2​ ​is​ ​on​ ​during​ ​afternoon

13. 4.0​ ​Space​ ​B​ ​Classroom​ ​(Artificial​ ​Lightning)
The​ ​classroom​ ​is​ ​located​ ​on​ ​the​ ​second​ ​floor,​ ​where​ ​its​ ​space​ ​faces​ ​back​ ​alley​ ​on
the​ ​East​ ​which​ ​the​ ​sunlight​ ​is​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise.​ ​The​ ​space​ ​is​ ​made​ ​of
curtain​ ​walls​ ​on​ ​the​ ​east​ ​side​ ​and​ ​have​ ​a​ ​window​ ​on​ ​the​ ​opposite.​ ​On​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side
of​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​an​ ​atrium​ ​which​ ​brings​ ​light​ ​into​ ​the​ ​space.
Second​ ​Floor​ ​Plan

14. 4.1​ ​Light​ ​Contours
Figure​ ​4.1.1​ ​Daylight​ ​contour​ ​of​ ​classroom
Figure​ ​4.1.2​ ​Section​ ​of​ ​the​ ​space

15. 4.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
Space​ ​B
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
Area​ ​of​ ​window​ ​=​ ​2​ ​*​ ​1.5​ ​+​ ​7.4​ ​*​ ​3.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​​ ​28.9​ ​m²
Total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​internal​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​2(7.5​ ​*​ ​4.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(4.5​ ​*​ ​3.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(7.5*​ ​3.5)
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​67.5​ ​+​ ​31.5​ ​+​ ​52.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​151.5​ ​m²
Glass​ ​transmittance​ ​=​ ​0.6​ ​(double​ ​glazed)
Reflectance​ ​of​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​0.5
Visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window,​ ​​θ​ ​=​ ​18​°
Average​ ​daylight​ ​factor,​ ​DF​ ​=​ ​ x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
=​ ​ x​ ​28.9
151.5
0.6(18)
(1−0.5)
=​ ​4.12​ ​%
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​(DF)​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
4.12​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
20000
Ei​ ​=​ ​824​ ​lux
The​ ​selected​ ​space​ ​has​ ​a​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​of​ ​4.12%​ ​which​ ​is​ ​considered​ ​good​ ​and
bright​ ​daylight​ ​distributions​ ​of​ ​light​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise​ ​behind​ ​has​ ​block​ ​the​ ​direct
sunlight​ ​and​ ​the​ ​atrium​ ​allow​ ​indirectly​ ​sunlight​ ​which​ ​subtly​ ​bounces​ ​into​ ​the​ ​space
to​ ​reduce​ ​glare​ ​that​ ​would​ ​cause​ ​discomfort.

16. 4.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​used
Suspended​ ​Direct​ ​-​ ​Indirect​ ​Fluorescent​ ​Luminaire
Advantages
1.​ ​Light​ ​distributes​ ​nearly​ ​equal​ ​up​ ​and​ ​down
2.​ ​Soft​ ​ambient​ ​backlight​ ​can​ ​balance​ ​fixtures​ ​brightness
3.​ ​Heat​ ​radiations​ ​are​ ​negligible
4.​ ​Long​ ​life​ ​of​ ​tubes
Disadvantages
1.​ ​​The​ ​flicker​ ​of​ ​the​ ​high​ ​frequency​ ​can​ ​be​ ​imitated​ ​to​ ​humans
2.​ ​Poorly​ ​designed​ ​ballasts​ ​can​ ​create​ ​radio​ ​interference​ ​that​ ​disturbs​ ​other
electronics

17. 4.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
The​ ​sun​ ​shines​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​building.​ ​The
amount​ ​of​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​passes​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space​ ​from​ ​the​ ​atrium​ ​would​ ​be
inadequate​ ​to​ ​do​ ​any​ ​activities.​ ​Hence,​ ​fluorescent​ ​lights​ ​are​ ​sufficient​ ​to​ ​brighten​ ​up
the​ ​small​ ​classroom
Type​ ​of​ ​fixtures Suspended​ ​Direct-​ ​Indirect​ ​Fluorescent
Luminaire
Image​ ​of​ ​fixtures
Product​ ​Dimension 150mm​ ​x​ ​1500mm
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminous Cool​ ​White
Luminous​ ​flux​ ​(lm) 5000
Power​ ​(W) 36
Colour​ ​Temperature​ ​(K) 6000
Colour​ ​Rendering​ ​Index 82
Average​ ​life​ ​rate​ ​(hours) 70000

18. Dimension​ ​of​ ​room​ ​(m) L=​ ​7.5m W=4.2m
Total​ ​Floor​ ​Area​ ​(m²) 31.5
Height​ ​of​ ​Ceiling​ ​(m) 3.5
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminaries Suspended​ ​Linear​ ​Fluorescent
Luminous​ ​Flux​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​(lm),​ ​F 5000
Height​ ​of​ ​Lumiere(m) 3.2
Height​ ​of​ ​Workplane(m) 0.8
Mounting​ ​Height,​ ​Hm​ ​(m) 3.2-0.8​ ​=​ ​2.4
Reflectance​ ​Factor Ceiling​ ​(Concrete)​ ​0.7
Wall​ ​(White​ ​painted​ ​wall)​ ​0.5
Floor​ ​(Hardwood)​ ​0.1
Room​ ​Index,​ ​​ ​RI​ ​(K) L x W
Hm x (L+W)
=​ ​
7.5 x 4.2
2.4 x (7.5+4.2)
=​​ ​ 31.5
28.08
=​ ​1.122​ ​K
Utilization​ ​Factor,​ ​UF 0.51​ ​(Based​ ​on​ ​UF​ ​table)
Maintenance​ ​Factor,​ ​MF 0.8​ ​(standard)
Number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required,​ ​N
N​ ​=
E x A
F x UF x MF
N​ ​=
400 x 31.5
5000 x 0.51 x 0.8
​ ​​ ​​​ ​=​ ​
2040
126000
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​6.176
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​6​ ​lamps
Lightning​ ​layout​ ​and​ ​spacing
Smax​ ​=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
1.5​ ​x​ ​Hm
=​ ​1.5​ ​x​ ​2.4
=​ ​3.6​ ​m

19. 4.5​ ​Light​ ​Design​ ​Proposal
Figure​ ​4.4.1​ ​Reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​of​ ​classroom
Based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​calculation​ ​for​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required​ ​(9​ ​lamps)
and​ ​the​ ​lightning​ ​spacing​ ​(max​ ​3.6m​ ​apart)​ ​determined,​ ​the​ ​fitting​ ​layout​ ​is​ ​shown
through​ ​the​ ​reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​plan​ ​above.​ ​6​ ​lamps​ ​are​ ​placed​ ​in​ ​2​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​3​ ​fittings
each.​ ​The​ ​diagrams​ ​shows​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​between​ ​each​ ​lamp​ ​both​ ​horizontally​ ​and
vertically,​ ​which​ ​does​ ​not​ ​exceed​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​of​ ​3.6m​ ​also​ ​bearing​ ​that​ ​the​ ​length
fixtures​ ​is​ ​1.5m​ ​long.​ ​The​ ​light​ ​fittings​ ​are​ ​controlled​ ​by​ ​2​ ​switch,​ ​where​ ​each​ ​switch
controlling​ ​1​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​light.​ ​All​ ​switches​ ​are​ ​turned​ ​on​ ​where​ ​illumination​ ​is​ ​necessary.
Figure​ ​4.4.2​ ​Artificial​ ​light​ ​contour​ ​of​ ​classrooms
Proper​ ​layout​ ​is​ ​determined​ ​through​ ​lumen​ ​method​ ​calculation,​ ​where​ ​the​ ​fixture’s
positions​ ​are​ ​determined.​ ​The​ ​result​ ​of​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​space​ ​need​ ​to​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​with
the​ ​presence​ ​of​ ​artificial​ ​lightning.​ ​The​ ​PSALI​ ​scheme​ ​here​ ​is​ ​to​ ​light​ ​on​ ​either​ ​the
inner​ ​row​ ​where​ ​does​ ​not​ ​received​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time​ ​or​ ​both​ ​during​ ​the
dark.

20. 5.0​ ​References
Materials​ ​-​ ​Light​ ​Reflecting​ ​Factors.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​Retrieved​ ​December​ ​9,​ ​2017,​ ​from
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-material-reflecting-factor-d_1842.html
W.​ ​L.​ ​(2017,​ ​March​ ​3).​ ​This​ ​Ceiling​ ​Light​ ​Is​ ​Sleek​ ​and​ ​Hidden,​ ​But​ ​It's​ ​Far​ ​From​ ​Perfect.
Retrieved​ ​December​ ​10,​ ​2017,​ ​from
https://www.thespruce.com/recessed-lighting-pros-and-cons-1821552
Agarwal,​ ​T.​ ​(2016,​ ​August​ ​02).​ ​Fluorescent​ ​Light​ ​Tubes​ ​Advantages​ ​and​ ​Disadvantage.
Retrieved​ ​December​ ​10,​ ​2017,​ ​from
http://www.efxkits.com/blog/smart-fluorescent-antenna-for-wi-fi-applications/
Philips​ ​Lighting.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​Retrieved​ ​December​ ​10,​ ​2017,​ ​from
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-luminaires/suspended/trueline-suspended/9
10504112903_EU/product