This document summarizes lighting calculations and design strategies for two spaces within a community library project - a café area and reading area. For the café, daylight factor and artificial lighting calculations are provided to achieve a minimum illuminance of 300 lux. For the reading area, similar calculations are done to achieve the minimum 500 lux illuminance requirement. Both spaces utilize permanent supplementary artificial lighting integrated with daylighting to provide even illumination throughout the day.
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (BLD 61303 / ARC 3413)
PROJECT 2 : INTEGRATION PROJECT
REPORT & CALCULATION
NAME : MUATASIMAH BILLAH BT. SALEH MOHAMED GARBAA
STUDENT ID : 0316071
TUTOR : MR. SIVARAMAN
3. INTRODUCTION
1.1OBJECTIVE
This project aims to integrate student’s understanding of the principles of lighting in the context of
our final design project of Studio 5. It encompasses on artificial and daylighting systems with the
implement of the PSALI design strategies.
1.2PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The final design of Studio 5 is designing a community library within an urban infill site of Jalan
Petaling, Kuala Lumpur. The design of the building is to consist of appropriate architectural
responses that address the aspect of the urban street context and user behavioural pattern as
discerned and analyse in the preliminary studies.
4. 1.3DESIGN PROJECT FLOOR PLANS
Space 1, Café Area at ground floor
Sun Path Diagram (Spring)
9AM 12PM 4PM
5. Space 2, Reading Area at first floor
9AM
Sun Path Diagram (Summer)
12PM
4PM
6. 2.1 Café
2.1.1 Daylight
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor Distribution is as below:
DF,% Distribution
>6 Very bright, with thermal and glare problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The café of the community library is located on the lower ground floor of the building. The café is pushed inside
thus it is not exposed to sunlight and cause the space to be slightly dark during the day. In order to solve the
problem, some part of the café is covered with glass wall, therefore it will allow more sunlight into the space.
Daylight Factor Calculation:
Location of Space Café
Area of Space (m2) 119m2
Area of Curtain Wall (m2) 47.76m2
Daylight Factor (%) (47.7 / 119) x 100%
= 40 x 0.1
= 4 %
Revit generated daylight contour plan diagram
of the cafe
7. Natural Illuminance Calculation:
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1,000- 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination)
40 lux Fully overcast sunset/sunrise
< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset/rise
Illuminance level : 20000
Daylight Factor = (E internal / 20 000) x 100
4 = (E internal / 20000) x 100
= (4 x 20000) / 100
= 800 lux
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the daylight factor of the café is 4% and having a natural illumination of 800 lux.
According to the requirements of MS 1525, having a daylight factor of 4% is a good daylight distribution
to the space. Hence, it fits the requirement of achieving a good natural illumination standard of MS
1525. But on the other hand, the illuminance value is higher than the required value of a standard café
which is 300 lux. This would be a problem when it comes to thermal and glare, which may cause
discomfort to the user. In order to solve this problem, overhangs can be used to reduce the direct
sunlight from penetrating into the café.
8. 2.1.2 Artificial Lighting
According to MS 1525, the recommended illumination level of a café space is 300 lux.
PSALI : Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors
PSALI is a system to combined artificial lighting and daylighting, where the two are blended together to
provide an even illumination that appears to be of good daylight character even though most of the
working illumination may be from artificial lighting.
The café is located at the lower ground floor of the building, partly illuminated by daylight from the
façade and artificial lighting. Pendant lights are chosen to help divide up the space in a large room by
creating multiple task areas. For example, a great room can have pendants over the dining table, in a
bar area, and again, over a desk or computer corner. Not only that, it can be used to bridge high
ceilings, suitable like the cafe in my library that has high ceiling.
Type of lighting fixture LED Canopy Mount Pendant Light
Type of light bulb LED Light Bulb
Lamp Wattage, W 14 W
Colour Rendering Index, Ra 100 Ra
Colour Temperature, K 3500 K
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens, LM 1200 lm
Rated Life, H 50, 000 hours
9. Conclusion:
From the result, 34 pendant lights are used to illuminate the café to achieve a minimum of 300 lux as
stated in MS1525. By provided a sufficient illuminance, users will be able to eat comfortably.
Location Café Area
Dimension (m) Length (L): 17m
Width (W): 7.6m
Height to the Ceiling: 4m
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 119m2
Standard Illuminance Required
(lux) according to MS1525, E
300
Lumen of Lighting Fixtures, lm 2000
Height of luminaire (m) 3m
Work Level (m) 0.8m
Mounting Height, Hm (m) 2.2m
Assumption of reflective value Ceiling: 0.7, Wall: 0.5, Floor: 0.2
Room Index, RI (K)
K = L x W
(L + W)hm
( )
Utilization Factor, UF 0.65
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N = E x A
F x UF x MF
Therefore, 34 lights are needed to reach the minimum
requirement of MS1525 = 300 lux
Number of luminance across
√
√ , take 3
Therefore, spacing between the light is 17/3 = 5.67
Number of luminance across along
√
√
Therefore, spacing between the light is 7.6/15.2 = 0.5
10. Fitting Layout
Conclusion:
The café is arranged with 10 rows of pendant lights to achieve the requirement of 300 lux in the room
as stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, the café is able to function during both
day and night.
Proposed luminaries fitting layout of the
cafe
Revit generated artificial light contour
diagram of the cafe
Section of the café showing proposed luminaries fitting layout
11. 2.1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the 3D luminaries in the café can be controlled
using one switch. Switch 1 control all the fittings of the light. The reason is because the café receive a
strong daylight distribution during the day, thus switch 1 can be turned off during the day as to save
electrical cost.
Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switch
arrangement.
12. 2.2 Library Reading Area
2.2.1 Daylight
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor Distribution is as below:
DF,% Distribution
>6 Very bright, with thermal and glare problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The library reading area is located at the first level of the library. As the space is facing West, most of
the walls are designed to have a lot of windows to allow maximum daylight into the building.
Daylight Factor Calculation:
Location of Space Library Reading Area
Area of Space (m2) 142.9m2
Area of Curtain Wall (m2) 20.1m2
Daylight Factor (%) (20.1 / 142.9) x 100%
= 14.06 x 0.1
= 1.4 %
Revit generated daylight contour diagram of the
reading area
13. Natural Illuminance Calculation:
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1,000- 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination)
40 lux Fully overcast sunset/sunrise
< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset/rise
Illuminance level : 20000
Daylight Factor = (E internal / 20 000) x 100
1.4 = (E internal / 20000) x 100
= (1.4 x 20000) / 100
= 280 lux
Conclusion:
The reading space in the library has a daylight factor of 1.4% and natural illumination of 280 lux. Based
on the requirements from MS 1525 from the chart above, the daylight factor of the reading space falls
under 1 -3% value which means it is an average daylight distribution. Hence, it might be too dark in the
as the natural illumination goes below 500 lux, which is the standard reading space illuminance
requirement. In order to solve this problem, more glass windows can be added to the space, so that
more sunlight can penetrate the space. Adding more artificial lighting can also brighten up the reading
space.
14. 2.2.2 Artificial Lighting
According to MS 1525, the recommended illumination level of a reading space in a library is 500 lux.
The reading area in the library is located in the first floor of the building. The aid from artificial lighting is
needed to provide sufficient amount of illuminance throughout the day as reading area must be in a
bright lit space in order to prevent harm to eyes. This also helps user to read clearly. Artificial light is
important to deliver a suitable reading environment for the user and can be used to compliment in the
area where the natural daylight is not sufficient. Thus, LED Downlight is chosen to light up this space.
Type of lighting fixture LED Downlight
Material of fixture Aluminium
Product Brand & Code DN571B
Nominal Life (hours) 25000
Wattage Range (W) 36
CRI 80
Colour Temperature, K 3000
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens 4000
15. Location Library Reading Area
Dimension (m) Length (L): 14.5m
Width (W): 9.8m
Height to the Ceiling: 3.5m
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 142.9m2
Standard Illuminance Required
(lux) according to MS1525, E
500
Lumen of Lighting Fixtures, lm 4000
Height of luminaire (m) 3.5m
Work Level (m) 0.8m
Mounting Height, Hm (m) 2.7m
Assumption of reflective value Ceiling: 0.7 , Wall: 0.5 , Floor: 0.2
Room Index, RI (K)
K = L x W
(L + W)hm
( )
Utilization Factor, UF 0.62
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N = E x A
F x UF x MF
Therefore, 36 lights are needed to reach the minimum
requirement of MS1525 = 500 lux
Number of luminance across
√
√ , take 2
Therefore, spacing between the light is 14.5/2 = 7.25
Number of luminance across along
√
√ 1.3
Therefore, spacing between the light is 9.8/1.3 = 7.5
Conclusion:
In conclusion, in order to achieve the minimum illuminance of 500 lux required by MS 1525, 36 LED
Downlights are needed to illuminate the reading space in the library. With the sufficient illuminance
provided, the user can then read comfortably in the space.
16. Fitting Layout
Conclusion:
The reading space is arranged with 9 rows of LED Downlight to achieve the requirement of 500 lux in
the room as stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, the reading area is able to
function during both day and night.
Proposed luminaries fitting layout of the reding
area
Revit generated artificial light contour diagram
of the reading area
Section of the reading area showing proposed luminaries fitting layout
17. 2.2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the 3D luminaries in the reading area can be
controlled using three switches. Switch 1 controls the row (12luminaries) and the remaining 2 switches
control (24 luminaires). The reason is because, the daylight factor of the space is average thus it needs
more support from artificial lighting to brighten up the space. Hence, the 3 switches can be during the
day to provide more light into the space.
Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switch arrangement.
