Building Science II

1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303/ ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2:
INTEGRATION PROJECT
CHINATOWN KUALA LUMPUR
COMMUNITY LIBRARY
NAME: LIM JERN JACK
STUDENT ID: 0317139
TUTOR: MR RIZAL

2. 2
CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………..………………3-6
1.1 Aim and Objective
1.2 Brief Site Analysis
1.3 Floor Plans
2.0 LIGHTING STUDY
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis………………………………………….……….………7-13
2.1.1 Space A: Event Space
2.1.2 Space B: Drawing Space
2.1.3 Space C: Quiet Reading Space
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis + PSALI……………………………………………..14-25
2.2.1 Space A: Drawing Space
2.2.2 Space B: Office Space
2.2.3 Space C: Computer Space

3. 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective
This project is an integration project with Design Studio V – a community library in Chinatown Kuala Lumpur. The
aim of this project is to integrate the understanding of principles of lighting design in relation to sustainability
issues by incorporating artificial and daylighting with PSALI in final design.
1.2 Brief Site Analysis
Located along Jalan Petaling, Chinatown Kuala Lumpur, the new community library is designed to serve the
community in that area regardless of age groups and backgrounds.
The design intention of this community library is to tie the connection of elders, who are the original community,
and the youngsters from colleges and schools nearby. The high rental fees of the shophouses due to the
proximity of the site towards Petaling Street Flea Market, has led the original community to move out from the
town and the shophouses are eventually left dormant especially during the night time. In addition, KL118, the
future highest skyscaper in Malaysia is being built at the end of Jalan Petaling, will bring influx of office people in
the vicinity that makes the formation of community even more complex. To cope with the constant changing of
community formation, it is vital to comprehend at least the need of the two target users stated earlier, elders and
youngsters, who are the pillar of the community that would have a higher possibility of anticipation in the library
programmes.

4. 4
1.3 Floor Plans

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7
2.0 LIGHTING STUDY
2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis
DF =
!" (!"#$$% !""#$%&'&() !" ! !"#$% !"#$%)
!" (!"#$%%& !""#$%&'&())
x 100%
Where,
Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane
Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be
20,000 lux.
A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.
According to MS1525, Day Light Factor distribution as below:
Zone Daylight Factor, % Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problems
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1000-2000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
400 lux Sunrise or Sunset on a clear sky (Ambient illumination)
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise
<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset and sunrise

8. 8
2.1.1 Space A: Event Space
Ground Floor Plan (NTS)
The event space is located at the ground floor, it is an open space to the public realm, thus exposed to full
coverage of sunlight during the daytime from any direction except the wall of the toilet.
Floor Area (m2 ) 119.25
Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 9.65m + 3.75m +6.05m +14.05m = 33.5 m
Height = 4.5 m
Area = 150.75 m2
Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF
DF =
!.!"!!.!"!!.!"!!".!"
!!".!"
x 100%
= 28.09 x 0.1
= 2.81%

9. 9
Standard direct sunlight (E external) 20,000 lux
Calculation
DF =
! !"#$%"&'
! !"#!$%&'
x 100%
2.81 =
!"
!""""
x 100%
Ei = 561.8 lux
Discussion
Zone Daylight Factor, % Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The event space has a daylight factor of 2.81% and natural illumination of 561.8 lux. According to requirements of
MS1525, the 2.81% daylight factor of a space slightly lower than 3% is categorised under the average zone which
will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance categories, the
standard illuminance level required for event space falls under 300-500 lux of illuminance, and thus, it does not
only meet the requirement, it even exceeds the standard illuminance of 500 lux. If the event space receives too
much of illuminance from daylighting, sun shading devices can be installed to reduce glare and heat penetrating
into the space.

10. 10
2.1.1 Space B: Drawing Space
First Floor Plan (NTS)
The drawing space is located at the first floor near the glass façade thus exposed to full coverage of sunlight
during the daytime.
Floor Area (m2 ) 114.95
Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 4.2m + 6.1m + 3.6m + 5.6m = 19.5m
Height = 6.5m
Area = 126.75 m2
Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF
DF =
!.!!!.!!!.!!!.!
!!".!"
x 100%

11. 11
= 16.96 x 0.1
= 1.70%
Standard direct sunlight (E external) 20,000 lux
Calculation
DF =
! !"#$%"&'
! !"#!$%&'
x 100%
1.70 =
!"
!""""
x 100%
Ei = 340 lux
Discussion
Zone Daylight Factor, % Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The drawing space has a daylight factor of 1.70% and natural illumination of 340 lux. According to requirements
of MS1525, the 1.70% daylight factor of a space is lower than 3% is categorised under the average zone which
will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance categories, the
standard illuminance level required for drawing area falls under high contrast visual task activities which is around
300 – 400 lux of illuminance and thus it meets the requirement. Full height glass wall is proposed to maximise the
penetration of daylight into the space.

12. 12
2.1.3 Space C: Quiet Reading Space
Second Floor Plan (NTS)
The quiet reading space is located at the second floor near the glass façade thus exposed to full coverage of
sunlight during the daytime.
Floor Area (m2 ) 155.67
Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 7.6m + 10.97m = 18.57 m
Height = 3.35 m
Area = 62.21 m2

13. 13
Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF
DF =
!.!!!".!"
!"".!"
x 100%
= 11.93 x 0.1
= 1.19%
Standard direct sunlight (E external) 20,000 lux
Calculation
DF =
! !"#$%"&'
! !"#!$%&'
x 100%
1.19 =
!"
!""""
x 100%
Ei = 239 lux
Discussion
Zone Daylight Factor, % Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The quiet reading space has a daylight factor of 1.19% and natural illumination of 239 lux. According to
requirements of MS1525, the 1.19% daylight factor of a space is lower than 3% is categorised under the average
zone which will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance
categories, the standard illuminance level required for drawing area falls under high contrast visual task activities
which is around 300-500 lux of illuminance and thus it does not meet the requirement. Full height glass wall is
proposed to maximise the penetration of daylight into the space.

14. 14
2.2 Artificial Lighting
Despite the good utilisation of natural lighting, it could not cover all building areas because some spaces are
meant to be enclosed thus natural light is insufficient in some of the spaces. This is the reason being artificial
lighting is essential in these spaces.
Spaces that natural light is unreachable require the use of artificial lighting to light up the spaces, normally located
at the inner part of the buidling, such as inner corridor, toilet, discussion room and so on.
2.2.1 Space A: Drawing Space
First Floor Plan (NTS)

15. 15
Type of Fixture LED Pendant Light Fixture
Type of Light Bulb
Material of Fixture Brushed Nickel
Product Brand & Code SON-CORONA-43-IN-RECT-LED-PENDANT-LIGHT
Normal Life (Hours) 20,000
Wattage Range (W) 32
CRI 80
Colour Temperature, K 3000
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens 3800
Lumen Method Calculation
Utilization Factor
Ceiling (%) 70 50 30
Wall (%) 50 30 10 50 30 10 50 30 10
Floor (%) 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10
Room
Index
0.60 .27 .26 .22 .22 .19 .19 .26 .24 .22 .21 .19 .18 .26 .25 .21 .21 .19 .18
0.80 .33 .31 .28 .27 .23 .23 .32 .30 .27 .26 .24 .23 .31 .30 .27 .26 .23 .23
1.00 .38 .36 .32 .30 .28 .28 .36 .35 .32 .31 .29 .27 .35 .34 .31 .30 .28 .27
1.25 .43 .40 .37 .35 .33 .32 .41 .39 .36 .35 .33 .32 .39 .37 .35 .34 .32 .31
1.50 .47 .43 .41 .39 .37 .35 .44 .42 .40 .37 .36 .35 .42 .40 .39 .37 .36 .35
2.00 .52 .47 .47 .44 .43 .41 .49 .46 .45 .43 .42 .40 .47 .45 .44 .42 .41 .40
2.50 .56 .50 .51 .47 .48 .44 .53 .49 .49 .46 .46 .44 .50 .48 .47 .45 .45 .43
3.00 .59 .52 .55 .49 .51 .47 .55 .52 .52 .48 .49 .46 .52 .50 .50 .48 .47 .46
4.00 .62 .55 .59 .52 .56 .51 .58 .53 .56 .52 .53 .50 .55 .52 .53 .51 .51 .49
5.00 .64 .56 .62 .55 .59 .53 .60 .55 .58 .53 .56 .52 .57 .54 .55 .52 .52 .51
Space A: Drawing Space
Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 12.7, W = 10.3
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 114.95
Height of Ceiling (m) 4.5
Type of lighting fixtures LED Pendant Light
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 3800
Height of Luminaires (m) 3.7
Height of Working Plane (m) 1.1
Mounting Height, Hm (m) 4.5 – 0.8 – 1.1 = 2.6
Standard Illuminance Required 300 lux

16. 16
according to MS1525
Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7
Wall White Painted Wall 0.5
Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.25
Room Index, K
𝐾 =
! ! !
!" (!!!)
𝐾 =
12.7 x 10.3
2.6 (12.7+10.3)
= 2.19
Utilization Factor, UF 0.52
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Number of Fittings required, N
𝑁 =
E x A
F x UF x MF
𝑁 =
300 x 114.95
3800 x 0.52 x 0.8
= 21.8
= 22 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR =
!
!"
x
!
!
=
!
!.!
x
!!".!"
!!
= 0.88
SHR =
!
!.!
= 0.88
S = 2.288
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 12.7m wall.
!".!
!.!""
= 5.55
= 6 rows
Therefore, 22 bulbs/ 6 rows = 4 rows
Spacing required for 12.7m wall is
!".!
!
= 2.12 m
Spacing required for 10.3m wall is
!".!
!
= 2.58 m

17. 17
PSALI & Lighting Fitting Layout
There are 22 light fittings required to illuminate the 114.95 m2 of the drawing space to achieve 300 lux according to
MS1525 to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while doing arts.
As shown in the contour analysis, only one side of the space next to the glass façade obtains sufficient
illumination from daylighting and the daylight fades as it goes deeper into the space. Thus, artificial lightings are
being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the time of the day and on gloomy days to meet the
requirement of MS1525. The 22 artificial lightings are controlled by 5 switches where SW1 can be switched off
during the day time to save electricity when there is sufficient lighting to lit up the space near to the glass façade.

18. 18
2.2.2 Space B: Office Space
First Floor Plan (NTS)

19. 19
Type of Fixture Surface Mounted LED Downlight
Type of Light Bulb
Material of Fixture Stainless steel
Product Brand & Code SY7791
Normal Life (Hours) 30,000
Wattage Range (W) 1.8
CRI 80
Colour Temperature, K 3500
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens 6000
Lumen Method Calculation
Space B: Office Space
Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 6.9, W = 6.17
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 38.82
Height of Ceiling (m) 3.35
Type of lighting fixtures LED Downlight
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 6000
Height of Luminaires (m) 2.9
Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8
Mounting Height, Hm (m) 3.35 – 0.45 – 0.8 = 2.1
Standard Illuminance Required
according to MS1525
300 lux
Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7
Wall White Painted Wall 0.5
Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.15
Room Index, K
𝐾 =
! ! !
!" (!!!)
𝐾 =
6.9 x 6.17
2.1 (6.9+6.17)
= 1.55
Utilization Factor, UF 0.43
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Number of Fittings required, N
𝑁 =
E x A
F x UF x MF
𝑁 =
300 x 38.82
6000 x 0.43 x 0.8
= 5.64
= 6 bulbs

20. 20
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR =
!
!"
x
!
!
=
!
!.!
x
!".!"
!
= 1.21
SHR =
!
!.!
= 1.21
S = 2.54
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 6.9m wall.
!.!
!.!"
= 2.72
= 3 rows
Therefore, 6 bulbs/ 3 rows = 2 rows
Spacing required for 6.9m wall is
!.!
!
= 2.3 m
Spacing required for 6.17m wall is
!.!"
!
= 3.1 m

21. 21
PSALI & Lighting Fitting Layout
There are 6 light fittings required to illuminate the 38.82 m2 of the enclosed office to achieve 300 lux according to
MS1525, in order to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while doing office work.
As shown in the contour analysis, artificial lightings are being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the
day and night, to meet the requirement of MS1525. The 6 artificial lightings are controlled by 2 switches to lit up
the space that requires more lighting if the office is not full with librarians.

22. 22
2.2.3 Space C: Computer Space
First Floor Plan (NTS)

23. 23
Type of Fixture Recessed LED Luminaire
Type of Light Bulb
Material of Fixture Stainless steel
Product Brand & Code PowerBalance RC6008
Normal Life (Hours) 30,000
Wattage Range (W) 26
CRI 100
Colour Temperature, K 3500
Colour Designation Cool White
Lumens 5200
Lumen Method Calculation
Space B: Office Space
Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 11.4, W = 9.6
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 101.23
Height of Ceiling (m) 4.5
Type of lighting fixtures Recessed LED Luminaire
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 5200
Height of Luminaires (m) 3.1
Height of Working Plane (m) 1.1
Mounting Height, Hm (m) 4.5 – 1.4 – 1.1 = 2
Standard Illuminance Required
according to MS1525
400 lux
Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7
Wall White Painted Wall 0.5
Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.10
Room Index, K
𝐾 =
! ! !
!" (!!!)
𝐾 =
11.4 x 9.6
2 (11.4+9.6)
= 2.61
Utilization Factor, UF 0.5
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Number of Fittings required, N
𝑁 =
400 x 101.23
5200 x 0.5 x 0.8

24. 24
𝑁 =
E x A
F x UF x MF
= 19.47
= 20 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR =
!
!"
x
!
!
=
!
!
x
!"!.!"
!"
= 1.12
SHR =
!
!
= 1.12
S = 2.25
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 11.4m wall.
!!.!
!.!"
= 5.11
= 5 rows
Therefore, 20 bulbs/ 5 rows = 4 rows
Spacing required for 11.4m wall is
!!.!
!
= 2.28 m
Spacing required for 9.6m wall is
!.!
!
= 2.4 m

25. 25
PSALI & Lighting Fitting Layout
There are 20 light fittings required to illuminate the 101.23 m2 of the enclosed computer lab to achieve 400 lux
according to MS1525, in order to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while using
computers.
As shown in the contour analysis, artificial lightings are being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the
day and night, to meet the requirement of MS1525. The 20 artificial lightings are controlled by 4 switches to switch
on the lights only when it requires in order to save electricity cost in a large space regardless of the time.