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Bacterial Diseases
The document provides information on various bacterial diseases including their symptoms, causes, and treatments. It discusses conditions like meningitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, COPD, pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, typhoid, skin infections, sexually transmitted diseases, malaria, and urinary tract infections. The document aims to inform readers about the nature and presentation of different bacterial infections that may impact human health.
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Bacterial Diseases
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- 2. Bacterial Diseases 1. AcuteSinusitis 2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 3. Inta-abdominal Infection 4. Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) 5. Infectious Diarrhea 6. Typhoid 7. Skin infection 8. Bones & Joint Infection 9. Chronic Bronchitis 10. Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases 11. Otitis 12. Pharyngitis 13. Tonsillitis 14. Un-complicated gonorrhea (Cervical/ Urethral, rectal and Pharyngeal) 15. Asthma 16. Pneumonia 17. Allergies 18. Gynecological diseases 19. STD 20. Skin Diseases 21. Dengue 22. Malaria 23. Meningitis 24. COPD
- 3. Meningitis • Meningitis is inflammationof the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by an infection.
- 5. Types of Meningitis Viral •It is fairly common. • It usually doesn't cause serious illness. • In severe cases, it can cause prolonged fever and seizures Bacterial • It isn't as common. • But it's very serious. • It needs to be treated right away to prevent brain damage and death.
- 6. Sinusitis • Sinusitis isan inflammation, or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Acute sinusitis A sudden onset of cold-like symptoms such as runny, stuffy nose and facial pain that does not go away after 10 to 14 days. Acute sinusitis typically lasts 4 weeks or less.
- 8. Symptoms & Causes Symptoms •Facial pain/pressure • Nasal stuffiness • Nasal discharge • Loss of smell • Cough/congestion Causes • colds • bacterial upper respiratory tract infections • fungal sinus infections • allergies that cause mucus production in the sinuses • lack of cilia motility
- 9. Tonsillitis • At theback of throat, two masses of tissue called tonsils act as filters, trapping germs. • Overwhelmed by bacteria or viruses, they swell and become inflamed, a condition known as tonsillitis.
- 11. Symptoms & Causes Symptoms •Throat pain or tenderness • Redness of the tonsils • A white or yellow coating on the tonsils • Painful blisters or ulcers on the throat • Hoarseness or loss of voice • Headache • Loss of appetite • Ear pain • Difficulty swallowing or breathing through the mouth • Swollen glands in the neck or jaw area • Fever, chills • Bad breath Causes • BACTERIA 1. Streptococcus most common • VIRUS 1. Adenoviruses 2. Influenza virus 3. Epstein-Barr virus 4. Para-influenza viruses 5. Enteroviruses 6. Herpes simplex virus
- 12. Pharyngitis • It isinflammation of the pharynx—the back of the throat. • This can cause a sore throat, as well as scratchiness in the throat and difficulty swallowing.
- 14. Causes & Symptoms Symptoms •Body aches • Coughing up clear, yellow, light brown, or green mucus • Difficulty breathing • Difficulty swallowing • Dry throat • Enlarged lymph nodes • Fever and chills • Hoarse voice • Pus or white patches covering the tonsils or throat • Throat pain Causes • Viral infection such as influenza • Bacterial infection such as Strept throat.
- 15. Bronchitis • Bronchitis isan inflammation in the lungs that some people call a chest cold.
- 17. Symptoms & Causes Symptoms •Fatigue • Wheezing sounds when breathing • Tightness or dull pain in the chest • Shortness of breath • Production of mucus (sputum), which can be clear, white, yellowish-gray or green in color — rarely, it may be streaked with blood Causes • Viruses usually ( Influenza virus) • Air pollution • Dust • Cold • Flu
- 18. COPD • Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, is a lung disorder that makes it hard to breathe
- 19. Symptoms Primary Symptoms • Shortnessof breath in everyday activities • Wheezing • Chest tightness • Constant coughing • Producing a lot of mucus (sputum) • Feeling tired • Frequent colds or flu Secondary Symptoms • Swollen legs or feet from fluid buildup • Weight loss • Less muscle strength and endurance • A headache in the morning • Blue or grey lips or fingernails (due to low oxygen levels)
- 20. Complications Chronic Bronchitis • Insidethe lungs, the small airways have swollen walls, constant oozing of mucus, and scarring. • Trapped mucus can block airflow and become a breeding ground for germs Emphysema
- 21. Complications Emphysema • Emphysema damagesthe tiny air sacs in the lungs. • the damage destroys the air sacs, leaving large holes in the lungs
- 22. Pneumonia • Pneumonia isan inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemical irritants. • The air sacs fill with pus and other liquid..
- 23. Bacterial Pneumonia • Mostcommon of which is streptococcus pneumonia • Shaking, chills • Chattering teeth • Severe chest pain • High temperature • Heavy perspiring • Rapid pulse • Rapid breathing • Bluish color to lips and nail beds • Confused mental state or delirium • Cough that produces rust-colored or greenish mucus Symptoms
- 24. Intra abdominal Infection •Appendicitis • Peritonitis • Intra-abdominal abscess • Diverticulitis • Food poisoning • Helicobacter pylori • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Infectious Diarrhea • Typhoid
- 25. Intra-abdominal Infection • Infectionscontained within the peritoneum or retroperitoneal space.
- 26. Organs Peritoneal Cavity • Stomach •Jejunum • Ileum • Appendix • Large intestine • Liver, gall bladder, spleen Retroperitoneal Space • Duodenum • Pancreas • Kidney
- 27. Typhoid • It’s abacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi. • Transmitted through ingestion of food or drink contaminated by the feaces or urine of infected people.
- 28. Symptoms & Causes Symptoms •Headache/ Anorexia • Abdominal Discomfort • Lethargy • Diarrhea • Sustained fever as 103 or 104 F • Chest congestion • Vomiting • Slow Heart beat • Soft Palpable spleen • Hepatomegaly Causes • Contact with chronic asymptomatic typhoid carrier • Water is contaminated with sewerage system.
- 30. Skin & SoftTissues • Cellulitis: A diffuse, spreading, acute inflammation characterized by swelling and hyperemia, usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. • Folliculitis: A superficial or deep bacterial infection of the hair follicle. It is usually caused by S. aureus. • Furuncles (Boils): Acute, tender, perifollicular inflammation caused by Staphylococci. • Carbuncle: A cluster of furuncles with spread of infection subcutaneously. • Impetigo: A superficial vesicopustular skin infection. It is usually caused by S. aureus.
- 31. Sexually Transmitted Diseases •This group includes all those infections, which are transmitted via the sexual route. These infections involve the genitourinary organs e.g. cervix, urethra, therefore PIDs, UTIs and STDs are often studied together. These can occur both in males and females. GONORRHOEA: • It is a common STD caused by N. gonorrhae (Gonococcus). • Gonorrhoea usually presents as acute urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) both in males & females. Later on it may spread to involve the surrounding organs e.g., prostate, seminal vesicles in males and cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries in females. • Pharynx is occasionally involved in both males and females and is called Gonococcal Pharyngitis. It probably results through oral transmission or blood stream. This is not very common. Course of the Disease: • Usually the disease resolves spontaneously but sometimes it progresses and if not treated in time it may lead to complications e.g., arthritis, endocarditis or the involvement of the surrounding tissues.
- 32. Malaria • Malaria iscaused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes Fever. Chills. Headache. Sweats. Fatigue. Nausea and vomiting. Symptoms
- 34. Urinary Tract Infection Urinarytract is the system that makes & carries urine out of body. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a general name for a group of infections that occur anywhere in the urinary tract Specific UTI •kidney infection (pyelonephritis) •bladder infection (cystisis) •urethra infection (urethritis)
- 35. Symptoms Bladder infection Symptoms •Urinary frequency & Urgency with pain • Dysuria • Lower abdominal pain • Pelvic pressure • Bloody or Cloudy Urine Kidney Infection Symptoms • Pain on either side of the lower back • Fevers and Chills Urethra Infection Symptoms • Burning with urination
- 36. Causes & Complications Causes •Klebsiella • Psuedomonas • Enterobacter • Mycoplasma • Chlamydia Complications • Infection may spread from bladder to Kidneys, reducing kidney function • Infection may enter blood stream and spread to other organs.