2. Brain directs all the activities of the body such as the blinking of
the eyes, the pumping of the blood by the heart, the digestion of
food by stomach, and the respiration of the lungs.
For example: playing basketball, the brain directs the muscles and
bones to act, hence, creating movement. Different parts of the
body move as he runs and shoots the ball.
3. Another example: accidentally step on a pointed nail, the
message is sent to the brain, which automatically prompts the
bones and muscles to respond. You feel the pain and then you
wiggle your foot to ease that pain.
5. FRACTURE
- A broken bone that
results from a severe
blow, vehicular
accident, or fall. It is
classified into
different types.
6. TYPES OF FRACTURE
1. Greenstick fracture – common among children. This happens when the bone is
cracked and bent without breaking completely.
2. Simple or closed fracture – broken bone causes slight or no damage to the
surrounding tissues, and it does not result into an open wound in the skin.
3. Compound or open fracture – broken bones goes through the skin, so an open
wound is formed.
4. Comminuted fracture – results when the bone is crushed into several pieces.
Bone fractures and bone defects are seen though x-ray. It shows image of the
condition of the bones.
TREATMENT:
• avoid moving the injured part so you do not aggravate the injury.
• Apply cold compress on it to lessen the pain.
• Provide a splint, or a material or device used to protect the broken part, for the
damaged area.
• If a compound fracture is incurred, protect the injured part by covering the area
with sterile dressing to avoid infection. Bring the victim immediately to the hospital.
7. SPRAIN
- injury that occurs
when the ligaments
that keep the bones
together are
overstretched or
torn.
- Result from a bad fall
- Very painful and
often mistaken for a
broken bone.
8. TREATMENT:
• Placed the injured part in the most comfortable elevated position.
• Apply a cold compress on it to lessen the swelling.
• Wrap the injured area with a thick layer of cotton wool and a bandage.
9. CRAMP
- Sudden pain caused by
the tightening or
contraction of muscles.
- Fatigue or overused
muscles after playing a
sport such as
basketball or volleyball
ma result in a cramp.
- It is aggravated by the
decrease in the salt
level of the body,
10. DISLOCATION
- An injury that occurs
when the bones in a
joint are displaced.
- TREATMENT: apply a
hard material to
support the injured
part.
- Do not move the
dislocated part.
- Bring the patient
immediately to the
hospital.
12. ARTHRITIS
Very common to the elderly, is the
inflammation to the elderly.
Caused by the normal wear and tear
of cartilage tissues, but it may
aggravated by an infection or injury
of the joints.
SYMPTOMS: experiences pain,
stiffness, and swelling of the affected
joints.
Mostly affects the hands, hips, and
knees.
TREATMENT:
1. Prescribed with appropriate medications
and are advised to rest.
2. Apply hot compress to relieve the pain
and swelling
3. Perform single exercises that will ease up
the joints.
4. Severe cases, surgery must be
necessary.
13. OSTEOPOROSIS
Condition in which the bones become
weak and brittle as a result of
decreasing bone mass and
enlargement of spaces in the bones.
Affects mostly women
Caused by disruption of the bone-
building process, which leads to bone
loss.
TREATMENT:
• Given calcium and vitamin D so bone
loss can be prevented.
• Certain exercises are recommended
• Falls and bumps should be avoided
because bone is not strong enough to
survive injuries.
14. RHEUMATISM
Condition that is characterized by the
inflammation or pain in the muscles
or joint.
Person with rheumatism may
experienced: fatigue, swelling,
redness, and tenderness of the joints.
Also feel pain and stiffness of the
joints especially in the morning.
There is no treatment that can cure
rheumatism but medications are
prescribed to reduce the swelling, relieve
the pain, and prevent further damage of
the joints.
15. RICKETS
Deficiency characterized by deformed
or soft bones, lacks of vitamin D and
other bone mineral like calcium and
phosphorus.
The deficiency makes the bones slow
and soft.
Affects young children
SYMPTOMS: delayed growth, muscle
weakness, pain in the spine and legs.
HOW TO PREVENT: adequate exposure
to sunlight and eating nutritious food
rich in vitamin D.
TREATMENT: given calcium and
phosphorus supplements to replace the
lacking minerals in the body.
16. SCOLIOSIS
Characterized by the abnormal
curvature of the backbone.
Visible during adolescence period.
Women are prone to this disease than
men.
Person with the disease lean on one
side, hence the unbalanced
shoulders.
They may feel back pain and stiffness
NO MEDICATION GIVEN.
They were recommended with
therapeutic exercises (to slow down
bone curving)
Severe cases: back braces and surgery
are the options to treat the condition.
18. Proper care of the Musculoskeleton
System
1. Eat right kind of food.
2. Maintain good postures
3. Have enough exercise.
4. Have enough rest and sleep.
