2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Responsible for the distribution and circulation of fluid media, such as
blood and lymph, in the body.
• It is divided into: cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.
• Cardiovascular system consists of blood, blood vessels, and the heart.
• Lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymph vessels, and lymphoid
tissues and organs.
3. Blood – fluid that carries oxygen from the lungs to
the different cells of the body.
Heart – organ that pumps blood through the
blood vessels (vast network of small tubes that
serves as pathways for blood distribution to the
different parts of the body.
This lesson will mainly focused on the cardiovascular system.
4. • Transport medium of nutrients and oxygen to the different parts of
the body.
• Also called as “river of life”.
• It is composed of:
1. Plasma – liquid part
2. Erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (platelets)
– three solid components or formed elements.
5. PLASMA
• Consists mainly of water with salt and dissolved food, oxygen, waste
materials, enzymes, and secretions of certain glands.
• It also contains proteins: fibrinogen – involved in blood clotting;
antibodies - special protein that protect the body against disease-
causing microorganisms.
6. RED BLOOD CELLS
• Small concave discs and contain hemoglobin (pigment that gives the
blood red color).
• It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells.
• Responsible for bringing carbon dioxide (wastes gas of the body) to
the lungs (released from the body through respiration)
7. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
• Colorless, irregularly shaped, and larger but less in number than RBCs.
• It defends the body against infections and diseases.
8. PLATELETS
• Small and irregularly shaped
• Help the blood clot when the body is wounded, preventing the loss of
too much blood.
• Bleeding decreases as the platelets stick to the edge of a wound
• The blood will thicken when platelet combines with calcium salt, also
fibrinogen form a threadlike fibers that prevent the flow of blood from
the wound, forming a clot.
9.
10. • It has different types:
1. Arteries and arterioles – carries blood away from the heart.
2. Veins and venules – carries blood back to the heart.
3. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins
through arterioles and venules.
11. • Blood exerts pressure (blood pressure) on the inner walls of the blood vessels. It is
determine by the use of sphygmomanometer.
• Blood pressure reading composed of two numbers: systolic blood pressure – first
number indicates the pressure when the heart contracts and pushes blood through
arteries, diastolic blood pressure – second number indicates pressure when the
heart is at rest between heartbeats.
• Normal blood pressure reading for adults is 120/80.
12.
13. • Made up of cardiac muscle
• Approximately as big as your fist
• It works to pump blood by contracting and relaxing.
• It has four chambers: right and left atria, and right and left ventricles.
14. Atria – function as receiving
chambers of the blood from
the veins.
Ventricles – function as
discharging chambers that
force blood into the
16. Valves (aortic valve, tricuspid
valve, pulmonary valve, and
mitral or bicuspid valve) - prevent
the blood from flowing back into
the atria when the ventricles
contract. It is a flap of connective
tissues found between the
openings of the atria and
ventricles.
17. The sound heard in the chest when using stethoscope is produced by the
closing of the heart valves.
Stethoscope – instrument used to
hear a person’s heartbeat and
beating.
