2. What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved
substances (hormones, nutrients, O and waste
products) to and from different places in the body.
The Heart has the job of pumping these things around
the body.
The Heart pumps blood and substances around the
body in tubes called blood vessels.
The Heart, the blood and blood vessels together
make up the Circulatory System.
3. Blood flow pattern :
- left ventricle - right atrium
- aortic arch - right ventricle
- dorsal aorta - lungs
- capillary bed - left atrium
- posterior vena cava - left ventricle
4.
5. How does this system work?
pulmonary vein lungs pulmonary artery
head & arms
aorta
main vein
Right Left
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
Circulatory System
6. Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.
Lungs
the right side of the left side of
the system the system
deals with deals with
deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
7. What are the 3 types of
circulation?
• System – between heart to body
systems
• Pulmonary – between heart & lungs
• Coronary – between heart & heart
11. Anatomy of the heart:
• A hollow muscular organ lying in the center of
the chest
• Divided into left and right sides, each have
upper chamber (atrium) that collects blood
and a lower chamber (ventricle) that ejects
blood
• Inlet and outlet valves in each ventricle
ensure one-way blood flow
11
12. The Heart
This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.
blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.
2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart
13. The Heart
Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body
Vein from Head and Body
Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve valve
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
16. Primary functions of the heart
include:
• Oxygen mover for the body
• Collects O2-enriched blood coming
from lungs
• Pumps it to entire body
• Helps rid body of waste product (CO2)
• Collects oxygen-depleted blood from
the body
• Pumps it to the lungs for re-oxygenation
17. During each heartbeat, each heart
chamber:
• Relaxes as it fills (diastole)
• And then contracts as it pumps blood
(systole)
18.
19.
20. Close up of heart valve
Heart sounds are made by the valves
as they open and close
21. Muscle on the left ventricle is thicker than the
right. Left ventricle muscle uses a strong force to
push the blood out the aorta.
22. Blood flow:
• CO2-laden blood from
body flows through the
largest veins (vena
cavae) into right atrium
• Right atrium fills
• Heart muscle propels
blood into right ventricle
23. • Right ventricle fills
• Heart muscle pumps blood
through pulmonary valve
into pulmonary arteries to
the lungs
• Blood in lungs absorbs O2
and gives up CO2
• CO2 is exhaled
(Respiratory System)
• O2-enriched blood returns
to the heart through
pulmonary veins into the
left atrium
24. • Left atrium fills
• Blood is pumped
into left ventricle
• When left ventricle
fills, heart muscle
pumps blood
through aortic valve
into aorta (largest
artery in the body)
• O2-enriched blood
supplies all of body
except lungs
25. blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY
26. The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure
thick muscle and
the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.
27. • Arteries:
– Strong and flexible
– Carry blood away from the heart
– Bear the highest blood pressures
– Help maintain blood pressure between
beats
• Smaller arteries and arterioles:
– Have muscular walls
– Adjust their diameter to increase or
decrease blood flow to a particular area
28.
29. The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
veins have valves
which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.
thin muscle and
elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
30. • Thin-walled but generally larger in
diameter than arteries,
• Carry same volume of blood, but at a
lower speed, and
• Under much less pressure
• Carry blood to the heart
• Receive blood from the capillaries
• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood
back to the lungs and heart
• Valves are located inside the veins
• Allow blood to move in one direction
31.
32. The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange materials
between the blood and
other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
33. • Tiny, extremely thin-walled
• Act as bridges between arteries and
veins
• Allow nutrients to pass from blood to
tissues
• Allow waste to pass from tissues into
blood
• Drain into venules, which drain into
veins, which lead back to the heart
34.
35.
36.
37. what’s in
digested food
red blood cells white blood cells
oxygen waste (urea)
carbon dioxide platelets
plasma hormones
38. Blood
• Pumped by your heart.
• Travels through thousands of miles of
blood vessels
• Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and
waste products to and from your body
cells.
• Made up of liquids, solids and small
amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
39. Red Blood Cells
contain haemoglobin, a
a biconcave disc that is molecule specially designed
round and flat without a to hold oxygen and carry it
nucleus to cells that need it.
can change shape to an
amazing extent, without
breaking, as it squeezes
single file through the
capillaries.
40. Red Blood Cells
• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the
lungs to all the cells of the body.
• Takes carbon dioxide and transports it
back to the lungs
• About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE
drop of blood.
41. White Blood Cells
there are many different types and
all contain a big nucleus.
the two main ones are the
lymphocytes and the macrophages.
macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-
organisms .
some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy
invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
42. White Blood Cells
• White blood cells protect the body from
germs
• Attack and destroy germs when they enter
the body
43. Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
44.
45. Plasma
It also contains useful
things like;
• carbon dioxide
A straw- • glucose
coloured
liquid that • amino acids
carries the • proteins
cells and the
platelets • minerals
which help • vitamins
blood clot.
• hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
46. SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
away
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
muscular
carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The
towards
_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
capillaries
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the
plasma
blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect
oxygen
the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
platelets
