This document discusses x-rays and radiographic views. It begins with the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. It then covers basic concepts like radiopacity and radiolucency. Several standard radiographic views are described like AP, PA, lateral, and decubitus. The document outlines how to analyze a chest x-ray using the ABCD method and lists common abnormal radiological signs. Radiographic technique factors like centering and inspiration level are also addressed.

1. DR. NIDHI AHYA
Assistant Professor
Cardio-Vascular & Respiratory PTDVVPF
College of Physiotherapy,
Ahmednagar 414111

2.  Discovery Of X-rays
 Basics Concepts
 Radiographic Views
 Comparison- AP and PA
 Viewing a PA film

3. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
German Physicist

4.  Ability to penetrate matter depends on
density of matter
density - radiolucent
density - radiopaque
 Distance from source of X-ray - FFD
Closure source - magnification

6.  Position of the patient relative to the film
cassette
 Direction of projection of X-ray-
 Standard Views
 Special Views

7. PA VIEW

8. AP VIEW

9. LATERAL VIEW

10. LATERAL DECUBITUS VIEW

11. APICAL LORDOTIC VIEW

12. PA AP

13.  Demographic Data
 Technical Details
 ABCD Approach
 Airway
 Bones
 Cardiac Silhoutte
 Diaphram
 Edges of the Heart
 Fields of Lung
 Great Vessels
 Hila
 Instruments

14. R
 X-ray View
 Centering/Rotation
 Side Markers
 Exposure
 Degree of Inspiration

20. Silhouette Sign

21. Air Bronchogram

22. Ground Glass Appearance

23. Honey Comb Appearance

29. • Shift of fissures
• Crowding of vessels and airways
• Increased opacity
• Elevation of diaphragm
• Mediastinal shift
• Compensatory radiolucency on C/L side
• Ribs are close to each other
• Silhouette sign

30. R Upper Lobe Collapse

31. R Lower Lobe Collapse

32. L Upper Lobe +
Lingula Collapse

33. L Lower Lobe
Collapse

34. Discovery Of X-rays
 Basics Concepts
 Radiographic Views
 AP and PA
Abnormal radiological signs