Normally, maxillary molars are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth that are used primarily to grind food during chewing. They have lobes and cusps that can vary in number between individuals. The first molar typically erupts between ages 5-7 years, the second molar between 10-14 years, and third molar (wisdom tooth) between 17-25 years. However, eruption timing and abnormalities are often genetic and can result in conditions like malocclusion. The number of roots and root canals in molars can also vary significantly between individuals.

1. HPT121n-Sp20

3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_(tooth)?fbclid=IwAR1vB-
zMZn7Blo_LYkzHLwZOK9i5csVaf3ngtO6p_2BIPyjnHwzCj3bqBUc
Normally, maxillary molars are large, flat teeth at the
back of the mouth. They have 4 lobes, 2 buccal and
2 lingual, which are named in the same manner as
the cusps that represent them. They are used
primarily to grind food during chewing.

4. https://www.dentistrytoday.com/endodontics/9648-management-of-a-
maxillary-second-molar
Root Canals: There is a clear variation in
the root canals.
First Second Third
75%
58%
68%
25%
42%
32%
3 root canals 4 root canals
The fourth canal is always located
in the mesiobuccal root in all
cases.

5. https://www.toothclub.gov.hk/mobile/en/pnc/pnc_2_2_2_1.html
Permanent
Teeth
Eruption
Time
First Molar 5 to 7 years
Second
Molar
10 to 14 years
Third Molar
(Wisdom tooth)
17 to 25 years
Normal Eruption
Eruption:
Abnormalities in tooth
eruption (timing and
sequence) is often
caused by genetics and
may result in
malocclusion. In severe
cases, such as in Down
syndrome, the eruption
may be delayed by
several years and some
teeth may never erupt.

6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5072076/
Number of
cusps
3 Cusps 4 Cusps 5 Cusps
Percentage 0.32% 67.08% 32.6%
Males and
Females
Females >
Males
Females = Males Females <
Males
Upper first permanent molar
Cusps:

7. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crid/2019/1857289/?fbclid=IwAR3pVz
F5GnxkLyQZFnanhTclSQ2SathHZi5qQLsHWdovzh6JmA5NoI33UCg
Root Canals: In fact, a maxillary first molar has 4
canals, a few have 3 canals, and some even have 5 canals.
The clinician should be aware of the presence of fewer
canals with a C-shaped root canal configuration which is an
anatomic variation.

8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5585815_An_unusual_maxillar
y_first_molar_with_four_roots_and_six_canals_A_case_report?fbclid=Iw
AR1pmJpIgLUdydRyncMHZnDAJRCve4O4HaoWDRNRSjHslt29eWsgi
PGsQJQ
Case:
This case report presents an unusual maxillary right
first molar with four roots and six canals. Endodontic
treatment was provided and final restoration was
accomplished with composite resin. Treating extra
canals in maxillary first molars may be challenging.
Inability to find and properly treat the root canals may
cause failures. Complete clinical and radiographic
examination and a thorough knowledge of the
morphology of these teeth is necessary for successful
clinical results.

9. https://www.dentistrytoday.com/endodontics/9648-management-of-a-
maxillary-second-molar
Root Canals: Maxillary second molar has been
described to have 3 roots with 3 or 4 root canals, with the
fourth canal commonly being found in the mesiobuccal
root.

10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344787/
Cusps:Parastyle/paramolar cusp/paramolar
tubercle, a rare morphologic variant, is a nonmetric
dental trait considered as a cingulum expression
usually on the buccal surface of the paracone and
probably represents the remnants of the cingulum.

11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549995/
A number of factors contribute to variations in root
and root canal morphology including ethnic
background, gender, and age of the studied
population.

12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11469300/?fbclid=IwAR3i2vY13zI7GbH
3jlxMZPsjBjZ131cbXmG8kzPtKLcsr1bgD1hcvKm5S2c
Roots:
 Variation of roots is found; although, majority of the
clinicians have considered the three rooted molar is the
most common normal anatomy, which has a high
degree of genetic penetrance.
15%
32%46%
7%
Ratio of roots
1 root 2 roots 3 roots 4 roots

13. .
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_(tooth)?fbclid=IwAR1vB-
zMZn7Blo_LYkzHLwZOK9i5csVaf3ngtO6p_2BIPyjnHwzCj3bqBUc 13/4/2020
 https://www.dentistrytoday.com/endodontics/9648-management-of-a-
maxillary-second-molar 14/8/2013
 https://www.toothclub.gov.hk/mobile/en/pnc/pnc_2_2_2_1.html
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5072076/ 10/9/2016
 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crid/2019/1857289/?fbclid=IwAR3pVzF5G
nxkLyQZFnanhTclSQ2SathHZi5qQLsHWdovzh6JmA5NoI33UCg 2019
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5585815_An_unusual_maxillary_fi
rst_molar_with_four_roots_and_six_canals_A_case_report?fbclid=IwAR1p
mJpIgLUdydRyncMHZnDAJRCve4O4HaoWDRNRSjHslt29eWsgiPGsQJQ
2008
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344787/ 10/8/2018
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549995/ 6/9/2015
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11469300/?fbclid=IwAR3i2vY13zI7GbH3jl
xMZPsjBjZ131cbXmG8kzPtKLcsr1bgD1hcvKm5S2c 26/11/2000

14. .