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Nanotechnology in dentistry
- 1. PRESENTED BY: SOHAILA HANY ,DEEMAH AHMED HEBA ABDELHAMID, KHALED MOHAREB ,MOHAMMED SALAH Under Supervision of : A.Prof. Samah Kamel
- 2. • is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular and supramolecular scale. • “NANO” is a Greek word for “DWARF”
- 3. • Endodontic Sealers • Impression Materials • Nanocomposite Artificial teeth • Orthodontic Nanorobots • Nanomaterials for Tissue Regeneration • Nanomaterials for Periodontal Drug Delivery • Photodynamic Therapy • Nanoneedles • Implants
- 4. Bioceramic-based sealer • Components • Reaction • Advantages Silicon-based sealer • Components • From • Advantages
- 7. • Problem & Solution
- 8. • Usage • Scaffolds • Examples
- 9. • Examples • Nanospheres • Triclosan-loaded nanoparticles • Microspheres containing tetracycline Periodontal disease treatment based on nanoparticles and films 1 2
- 10. • What is PDT? • Examples
- 11. • Examples & Importance of each component Titanium dental implants modified with a nanostructured coating based on ordered porous silica and bioactive glass nanoparticles
- 12. • What are Nano-needles? • Future plans
- 13. • Increased surface area : volume ratio • Unwanted reactions • Effects of various nanoparticles on lung epithelial cells
- 14. • https://www.aegisdentalnetwork.com/cced/2017/05/nanotechnolog y-in-dentistry-clinical-applications-benefits-and-hazards • https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Periodontal-disease-treatment- based-on-nanoparticles-and-films-A-a-Delivery-of_fig2_277144755 • https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Nanospheres-and- nanocapsules-are-small-vesicles-used-to-transport-drugs- Nanospheres-are_fig3_235461309 • https://www.cancer.gov/about- cancer/treatment/types/surgery/photodynamic-fact-sheet • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169433215 030160 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
Editor's Notes
- Bioceramic-based sealer: 1) Components: Calcium Silicate, Calcium Phosphate, Calcium Hydroxide, Zirconia, and a thickening agent. NB: The addition of nanoparticles resulted in improved handling and physical properties. 2) Reaction: When introduced into root canals, a hydration reaction occurs where a nanocomposite structure of calcium silicate and hydroxyapatite is formed. Water is essential for the setting reaction. Thus, in over-dried canals, setting time is prolonged. 3) Advantages: facilitates delivery of material and its adaption to irregular dentin surfaces, good sealing ability along with dimensional stability Silicon-based sealer: Components: Gutta-percha powder and silver nanoparticles (less than 30 µm in size) 2) Form: Capsule (mixed and injected as a cold flowable filling system) 3) Advantages: Good biocompatibility and dimensional stability with good sealing ability and is resistant to bacterial penetration
- Components: Nanofillers integrated into vinylpolysiloxanes Advantages: Better flow, improved hydrophilic properties, and enhanced reproduction of surface details
- Components: Homogeneously diffused nanofillers SUPEFRIOR TO CONVENTIONAL ACRYLIC TEETH IN TERMS OF: Advantages: Surface smoothness, abrasion resistance, and color stability Enhanced antifungal activity along with increased fracture toughness (as in silver nanoparticle modified teeth)
- Problem: Malocclusion Solution: Direct manipulation of the periodontal tissues by the nanorobots, thereby allowing a painless and rapid method for correcting the malocclusion
- Usage: Nanobiomaterial-based tissue scaffolds are used for pulpal cell culture Scaffolds based on nanofibers of biodegradable type I collagen or fibronectin are used for regeneration Examples: 1)A study has shown that cell growth was enhanced using Puramatrix containing repeats of essential amino acids (alanine, arginine, and aspartate). 2)Other nanobiomaterials include natural silk and an injectable self-assembling collagen-I scaffold, which when loaded with exfoliated teeth stem cells resulted in the formation of pulp-like tissue and functional odontoblasts. 3)Nanohydroxyapatite-based bone graft materials are also being used to treat large bone defects.
- Examples: Experimented nanomaterials explored for controlled drug delivery include nanotubes, hollow spheres, core-shell structure, and nanocomposite. Nanospheres: are typically solid polymers with drugs embedded in the polymer matrix which are used to transport drugs Drugs incorporated into nanospheres of a biodegradable polymer allows for timed release of the drug. Triclosan-loaded nanoparticles was found to be effective in reducing periodontal inflammation Microspheres containing tetracycline are for controlled drug delivery into the periodontal pocket ILLUSTRATION: (SEM) (b1) Delivery of nanoparticles loaded with cells/drugs to periodontal intra-bony defects (b2 and c) illustration of the spatially designed and functionally graded periodontal film. RESULT IN production of functionally graded periodontal film
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT): is a treatment that uses a drug (photosensitizer) and a particular type of light. When photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, they produce a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells Example A newly developed photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG) , with loaded nanospheres when activated with 805-nm wavelength using a diode laser, has an a PDT-like effect and may serve as a potential photodynamic periodontal therapy.
- Examples and Importance of each: Nanostructured diamond: with ultra-high hardness, improved toughness, low friction (therefore decrease bone resorption), and good adhesion to titanium alloys (most famous implant material) 2) Hydroxyapatite implant coatings (manufactured using nanostructured processing): Increase the osteoblastic activity in terms of its adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization 3) Nanostructured metalloceramic coatings on implant surface: Increase the osseointegration of dental implants by forming a nanocrystalline metallic bond with the implant surface and another hard ceramic bond on its surface
- What are nanoneedles? Nanosized stainless steel crystals incorporated into commercially available needles Future plans Current research is being conducted for the development of nanotweezers that would make cell surgery possible in the near future
- As Nanotechnology showed incredible results in dentistry as mentioned before also it has disadvantages, but the main concern is the increased rate of absorption associated with manufactured nanoparticles -Nanoparticles have an increased surface area:volume ratio, which leads to increased absorption of these particles through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. -Nonbiodegradable nanoparticles when accumulated within the body may be deposited in various organs and may lead to an unwanted reaction within biological tissues. -A study conducted by the Swedish Karolinska Institute revealed that iron-oxide nanoparticles were nontoxic on human lung epithelial cells and caused no DNA damage. Zinc-oxide nanoparticles were slightly worse. Titanium dioxide caused only DNA damage; carbon nanotubes caused DNA damage at low levels. Copper oxide was found to be highly toxic and was categorized as a health risk FeO === NONTOXIC+NO DNA DAMAGE ZnO=== SLIGHTLY WORSE showing some toxicity TiO2===NONTOXIC+DNA DAMAGE CuO===HIGHLY TOXIC