Factors affecting dentogingival junction
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The document discusses the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes, smoking, orthodontic treatment, and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. It explains that diabetes can lead to periodontal disease due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels causing increased inflammatory responses, vascular modifications, and impaired wound healing in the gums. Smoking causes reduced blood flow in the gums through nicotine, increasing the risk of gum disease. Orthodontic treatment and chronic periodontal disease can damage supporting bone and tissues in the gums, resulting in gingival recession and exposed tooth roots.
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1. Diabetes is associated with increased risk and severity of periodontal disease like gingivitis and periodontitis. Poorly controlled diabetes is linked to worse periodontal inflammation and bone loss.
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This document summarizes factors that affect the dentogingival junction. The dentogingival junction attaches the oral epithelium from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin. Hemidesmosomes play an important role in cellular attachment at the junction through interactions between intracellular and transmembrane proteins. Periodontal pockets and gingival recession can negatively impact the junction's attachment to the tooth. Other factors like aging, trauma from brushing/flossing, and excessive occlusal forces can also affect the integrity of the dentogingival junction. The junction has the ability to reattach to the tooth surface within 5 days if completely separated.
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This document summarizes factors that affect the dentogingival junction. Bacteria can initiate tissue destruction by increasing permeability in the junctional epithelium and inducing apoptosis of invaded cells, leading to coronal degeneration and detachment of the junctional epithelium. Trauma from periodontal surgeries or accidental sources like probing or tooth preparations can widen the marginal periodontal ligament space and narrow the interproximal alveolar bone. The formation of periodontal pockets results in apical migration of the junctional epithelium and symptoms like gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. While gingivitis can stimulate initial increases in leukocytes and intracellular debris in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue, the established lesion
Variations in maxillary molars
The document discusses various anatomical variations that can occur in human maxillary molars. It describes variations in the number of roots and root canals, including the presence of 5-6 roots in some cases. The shape of the crown can also vary, with some individuals having 6-7 cusps rather than the typical 4. Specific variations are described for each maxillary molar, including the potential for taurodontism, accessory roots, root fusions, and additional cusps. A variety of environmental and developmental factors are believed to influence these anatomical variations.
Variations of maxillary molars
This document discusses common variations seen in permanent maxillary molars. It notes that while most maxillary first molars have three roots, variations may include one, four, or even five roots. The number of root canals can also vary, from four canals as most common to configurations with more or fewer canals. Variations are also seen in maxillary second molars, such as the presence of an accessory parastyle cusp or two separate palatal roots. Maxillary third molars most often have three roots and canals, though the mesiobuccal root sometimes displays additional canal configurations.
Nanotechnology in dentistry
This document discusses applications of nanotechnology in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology, noting that nanoparticles are one billionth of a meter in size. Nanoparticles like nanotubes and quantum rods can be used for diagnosis by detecting and identifying altered or cancer cells. Nanoparticles incorporated into toothpastes have antimicrobial properties that can reduce dental caries. Other applications discussed include use of nanoparticles in dental composites, photodynamic therapy using dyes, and advantages like superior material properties and better aesthetics. Potential disadvantages include toxicity of nanoparticles and ethical issues.
Factors affecting DGJ
The dentogingival junction attaches the gingiva to the tooth and consists of both epithelium and lamina propria. It functions as a barrier and in antimicrobial defense and gingival crevicular fluid flow. Factors that can affect the dentogingival junction include bacteria and bacterial products from dental biofilm, which can allow pathogen overgrowth and weaken the junction through virulence factors. Periodontal disease can also affect the junction through degeneration of attachment cells, formation of pockets, and decreased tissue repair capacity. Passive eruption and mechanical stimulation such as probing, flossing, and treatments like gingivectomy can further impact the junction.
Variation in maxillary molars
The document discusses variations in root and root canal morphology in maxillary molars. It summarizes that the maxillary first molar most commonly has 3 roots but may rarely have 1, 4, or 5 roots. The maxillary second molar commonly has 3 roots and root canals but may have 1, 2, or 4 roots. The maxillary third molar shows considerable variation, with studies finding 56% having a single root, 24% having 2 roots, 13% having 3 roots, and 7% having 4 roots. Root canals in the maxillary third molar were most commonly 3 canals but may range from 1-5 canals. Understanding variations is important for successful root canal treatment and extraction.
Variations in maxillary molars
This document summarizes common anatomical variations seen in maxillary molars. The first maxillary molar typically has 3 roots but may occasionally have 4 separate roots. It can also be single-rooted in rare cases. The second maxillary molar commonly has 3 roots but may occasionally feature 2 palatal roots or fused roots. First and second maxillary molars can also be single-rooted in rare cases or have 2 roots. The third maxillary molar has the most anatomical variations and unpredictable root canal morphology, sometimes featuring 3 or 4 roots. Accessing and treating third molars can also be complicated due to their positioning and variable eruption patterns between ages 18 to 21.
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Factors affecting dentogingival junction
- 1. Done by: Iten Abdalfattah ,Rana Alaa ,Mayar Said ,Abeer Ahmed Semester Four Under Supervision of : A.Prof. Samah Kamel
- 2. It is the interface and zone of attachment between the gingiva and enamel or cementum of the tooth. It holds in place the junctional or attachment epithelium.
- 3. Diabetes mellitus. Smoking. Orthodontic treatment. Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.
- 4. Type I and type II of primary diabetes mellitus leads to periodontal disease, due to uncontrolled blood glucose level. The chronic hyperglycemia leads to: Production of AGEs which binds to macrophage, making it hyper-reactive and produce pro- inflammatory cytokines. AGEs binds to endothelial cells, making it hyper permeable and hyper expressive for adhesion to molecules.
- 5. AGEs makes the fibroblast produce less collagen, which leads to: Hyper-inflammatory responses. Vascular modification. Altered healing of wounds. Occurrence of periodontitis and gingivitis.
- 6. Nicotine found in cigarette activates the release of epinephrine, this substance promote VC of gingival blood vessels, which cause a reduction in the blood flow leading to: Loss of vitality of gingival epithelium. Helps in onset of gingival ulceration (ANUG).
- 7. Usually, it does not cause any damage to the gingival tissues, but in some patients it may cause some changes which subsequently leads to gingival retraction on the labial surface of incisors and canines and on the buccal surface of posterior teeth. Orthodontic treatment
- 8. Loss of supporting bone by inflammatory process. Loss of tissue by enzymatic digestion. These two leads to apical migration of the gingiva and exposure of the root, this is known as gingival recession.
- 9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228 943/ (2011) http://www.ccij-online.org/article.asp?issn=2278- 0513;year=2016;volume=5;issue=2;spage=99;epage=102; aulast=Shah (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944 726/ (2016)