Factors affecting the dgj
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This document summarizes factors that affect the dentogingival junction. Bacteria can initiate tissue destruction by increasing permeability in the junctional epithelium and inducing apoptosis of invaded cells, leading to coronal degeneration and detachment of the junctional epithelium. Trauma from periodontal surgeries or accidental sources like probing or tooth preparations can widen the marginal periodontal ligament space and narrow the interproximal alveolar bone. The formation of periodontal pockets results in apical migration of the junctional epithelium and symptoms like gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. While gingivitis can stimulate initial increases in leukocytes and intracellular debris in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue, the established lesion
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the crown it is covered by enamel, in the root by cementum.
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Dental caries is caused by bacteria in dental plaque that produce acids which demineralize tooth structure. The most common bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli. There are several theories for how dental caries progresses, but it is now accepted that acids produced by bacteria lower the pH and cause the enamel and dentin to demineralize. Dental caries can affect the pits and fissures of teeth, smooth surfaces, or root surfaces. It is classified based on location, rate of progression, extent of damage, and other factors. Histologically, dental caries progresses through zones in enamel and dentin as the mineral content is reduced by acid attacks from bacteria.
Trauma from occlusion
When occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the tissues, tissue injury results. The resultant injury is termed as trauma from occlusion.
TFO refers to tissue injury, not the occlusal force. An occlusion that produces such injury is termed as traumatic occlusion.
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This document discusses the use of diode lasers for depigmentation of gingival tissues. It finds that diode laser treatment is effective for removing gingival pigmentation with benefits over scalpel techniques like less pain, bleeding and faster wound healing. The procedure uses a diode laser applied directly to pigmented gingival tissue in a layer-by-layer manner to ablate melanocytes responsible for pigmentation. Studies found less post-operative discomfort and recurrence rate with laser treatment compared to scalpel. Minimal side effects include mild swelling and potential delayed healing.
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The document discusses the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes, smoking, orthodontic treatment, and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. It explains that diabetes can lead to periodontal disease due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels causing increased inflammatory responses, vascular modifications, and impaired wound healing in the gums. Smoking causes reduced blood flow in the gums through nicotine, increasing the risk of gum disease. Orthodontic treatment and chronic periodontal disease can damage supporting bone and tissues in the gums, resulting in gingival recession and exposed tooth roots.
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Effects of systemic diseases on saliva and salivary glands
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This document discusses variations that can occur in maxillary molars. It notes that variations may include anomalous cusps, increased number of roots, unusual root canal configurations, and fusion of roots. Specific examples provided include a case with 7 cusps, 5 roots and 6 canals, and cases where maxillary first molars had 3 cusps giving them a heart shape. Other variations mentioned include paramolars, two-rooted first molars, enamel pearls on roots, protostylids (accessory cusps), hypercementosis (excess cementum), and variations in root numbers and canal numbers. Maxillary third molars are noted to typically have a heart shape with a large lingual c
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Saliva plays an important role in oral health, providing protection, lubrication, and aiding functions like chewing and swallowing. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, can occur when saliva production is reduced by 40-50% and causes symptoms like a dry feeling and increased risk of issues like cavities. Xerostomia can be caused by conditions that affect the salivary glands like Sjögren's syndrome, or indirectly by treatments like radiotherapy or various medications. Left untreated, xerostomia can lead to complications like increased risk of oral infections. Treatment options include staying hydrated, using saliva substitutes, avoiding irritants, and good oral hygiene.
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This document discusses applications of nanotechnology in dentistry. It describes how nanotechnology can be used to mimic natural enamel formation, replace bone, diagnose and treat oral cancer using targeted drug delivery, induce local anesthesia, reduce dentin hypersensitivity, use nanorobots for orthodontics, and prevent dental caries. While this technology offers promising applications, it is not completely safe and further research is needed to ensure safety. The future of nanotechnology in dentistry may include whole new teeth and restorations formed at the nanoscale level.
Variations in maxillary molars
The document discusses various anatomical variations that can occur in human maxillary molars. It describes variations in the number of roots and root canals, including the presence of 5-6 roots in some cases. The shape of the crown can also vary, with some individuals having 6-7 cusps rather than the typical 4. Specific variations are described for each maxillary molar, including the potential for taurodontism, accessory roots, root fusions, and additional cusps. A variety of environmental and developmental factors are believed to influence these anatomical variations.
Variations of maxillary molars
This document discusses common variations seen in permanent maxillary molars. It notes that while most maxillary first molars have three roots, variations may include one, four, or even five roots. The number of root canals can also vary, from four canals as most common to configurations with more or fewer canals. Variations are also seen in maxillary second molars, such as the presence of an accessory parastyle cusp or two separate palatal roots. Maxillary third molars most often have three roots and canals, though the mesiobuccal root sometimes displays additional canal configurations.
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This document discusses applications of nanotechnology in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology, noting that nanoparticles are one billionth of a meter in size. Nanoparticles like nanotubes and quantum rods can be used for diagnosis by detecting and identifying altered or cancer cells. Nanoparticles incorporated into toothpastes have antimicrobial properties that can reduce dental caries. Other applications discussed include use of nanoparticles in dental composites, photodynamic therapy using dyes, and advantages like superior material properties and better aesthetics. Potential disadvantages include toxicity of nanoparticles and ethical issues.
Factors affecting DGJ
The dentogingival junction attaches the gingiva to the tooth and consists of both epithelium and lamina propria. It functions as a barrier and in antimicrobial defense and gingival crevicular fluid flow. Factors that can affect the dentogingival junction include bacteria and bacterial products from dental biofilm, which can allow pathogen overgrowth and weaken the junction through virulence factors. Periodontal disease can also affect the junction through degeneration of attachment cells, formation of pockets, and decreased tissue repair capacity. Passive eruption and mechanical stimulation such as probing, flossing, and treatments like gingivectomy can further impact the junction.
Variation in maxillary molars
The document discusses variations in root and root canal morphology in maxillary molars. It summarizes that the maxillary first molar most commonly has 3 roots but may rarely have 1, 4, or 5 roots. The maxillary second molar commonly has 3 roots and root canals but may have 1, 2, or 4 roots. The maxillary third molar shows considerable variation, with studies finding 56% having a single root, 24% having 2 roots, 13% having 3 roots, and 7% having 4 roots. Root canals in the maxillary third molar were most commonly 3 canals but may range from 1-5 canals. Understanding variations is important for successful root canal treatment and extraction.
Variations in maxillary molars
This document summarizes common anatomical variations seen in maxillary molars. The first maxillary molar typically has 3 roots but may occasionally have 4 separate roots. It can also be single-rooted in rare cases. The second maxillary molar commonly has 3 roots but may occasionally feature 2 palatal roots or fused roots. First and second maxillary molars can also be single-rooted in rare cases or have 2 roots. The third maxillary molar has the most anatomical variations and unpredictable root canal morphology, sometimes featuring 3 or 4 roots. Accessing and treating third molars can also be complicated due to their positioning and variable eruption patterns between ages 18 to 21.
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Factors affecting the dgj
- 1. Factors affecting dentogingival junction Presented by : Maiar kamal ,Rawan sherif ,Maryam Hassan Under supervision: A.Prof Samah Kamel
- 3. Healthy dentogingival junction : 1. Rapid renewal of JE cells. 2. Gingival crevicular fluid flow.
- 4. Factors :- 1. Bacteria • Initiation of tissue destruction 1. increased permeability in JE. 2. Apoptosis of bacteria invaded cells 3. Coronal degeneration and detachment of JE. 4. Apical and lateral migration of JE.
- 5. • Advanced tissue destruction 1. Osteoclast activation 2. Bone resorption
- 6. 2.Trauma effect May occur due to a) Intentional trauma : 1. periodontal surgeries where JE is completely lost. b) Accidental trauma : 1. during probing 2. during flossing 3. during tooth margins preparations for restorations
- 7. What happens?!! oTrauma from occlusion causes 1. Widenning of the marginal PDL space. 2. narrowing of the inter proximal alveolar bone. Then The JE will be intact and there will be no degeneration of the epithelial tissues unless there is any plaque accumulation
- 8. 3. Periodontal pocket oDefinition: is the increase in depth of gingival sulcus lead to apical migration of junctional epithelium oResult in: 1. a bluish red vertical line originate 2. Gingival bleeding 3. Tooth mobility 4. Diastema case 5. Sever inflammation in DGJ
- 9. Effect of gingivitis oNot all the stimulant of DGJ is bad when subjected to effect but may give advantage as in: gingivitis
- 10. Effect of gingivitis oResult is 1. The initial lesion: leucocyte increase in DGJ and connective tissue and DGJ develop rete pegs in lesion od gingivitis 2. The established lesion: the JE is reveal intracellular space filled with granular cellular debris including; lysosome and monocytes
- 11. References https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cztxCg6Cr6g Feb 11, 2019 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijd/2012/821383/ July 26, 2012 https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/foziasultana3/dent o-gingival-junction