Variation of mandibular molars
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Dilaceration pdf
Dilaceration is an abnormal bend in the root or crown of a tooth that is most commonly seen in the permanent maxillary incisors and premolars. It is usually caused by trauma during tooth development. Crown dilaceration can prevent eruption or cause teeth to erupt in abnormal positions, while root dilaceration may complicate procedures like extraction or endodontic treatment and be detected radiographically as a bull's eye appearance. Minor dilaceration requires no treatment but severely deformed teeth may need extraction.
Hard Tissue Charting
This document provides guidance on hard tissue charting for dental hygienists. It discusses documenting assessments, updating charts at maintenance appointments, and following a routine sequence. It also outlines charting various dental conditions and anomalies using specific colors and symbols. Common anomalies include supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, enamel hypoplasia, and taurodontism. Black's classification is presented for charting restorations.
amelogenesis imperfecta / dental courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of enamel in teeth, causing them to appear abnormally small, discolored, pitted or grooved. It is caused by mutations in genes responsible for enamel protein production. Symptoms include soft, thin enamel that leads to highly sensitive teeth that are prone to cavities, damage, and early loss. Treatment may involve crowns, extractions, and dental implants or dentures in severe cases.
Trauma management
Trauma management, Child abuse, History of trauma, Examination of trauma, Head injury, Investigations, Other considerations in trauma management, Maxillofacial injuries, Sequelae of fractures of the jaws in children, Luxations in the primary dentition, Fractures of primary incisors, Sequelae of trauma to primary teeth, Crown and root fractures of permanent incisors, Incomplete root apex with a clinically normal pulp Cvek pulpotomy (apexogenesis), Incomplete root apex with a necrotic pulp, Mature root apex, Root fractures, Crown/root fractures, Crown/root fractures Options for management, Crown/root fractures in immature teeth, Luxations in the permanent dentition, Avulsion of permanent teeth, Management in the dental surgery, Complications in endodontic management of avulsed teeth, Autotransplantation, Internal bleaching of root-filled incisors, Soft-tissue injuries, Attached gingival tissues, Prevention from trauma
Developmental disturbances in structure of teeth
This document discusses enamel defects including hereditary enamel dysplasia and enamel hypoplasia. It describes the three stages of enamel development and factors that can disrupt this process such as nutritional deficiencies, infections, trauma, and genetic conditions. Specific enamel defects are defined including pitted enamel hypoplasia and enamel discoloration seen in conditions like congenital syphilis and fluorosis. Classification systems for hereditary enamel dysplasia and clinical, radiographic, and genetic features are also summarized.
Opi 1-introduction-tooth abnormalities
This document outlines the course content for Oral Pathology I taught by Dr. Aiman A. Ali. The course covers abnormalities of teeth and oral tissues including alterations in size, shape, number, structure and color of teeth. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, taurodontism, gemination, fusion, impaction, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation includes attendance, quizzes, exams and case presentations. The document provides the syllabus, lecture topics, and expectations for the laboratory component where students will examine abnormalities of teeth and oral tissues.
Variations in maxillary permanent molars
This document discusses common anatomical variations that can occur in the maxillary permanent molars. It describes cases of a first molar with 7 cusps and 5 roots, a second molar with an additional cusp (dens evaginatus) that can cause complications, and variations in the number of roots and root canals in the second and third molars that can have up to 5 roots and 6 root canals. It also discusses eruption variations including reversible and irreversible ectopic eruption of the first molar and impacted or inverted third molars. Treatment options addressed include contouring of extra cusps and extracting impacted teeth.
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Dilaceration pdf
Dilaceration is an abnormal bend in the root or crown of a tooth that is most commonly seen in the permanent maxillary incisors and premolars. It is usually caused by trauma during tooth development. Crown dilaceration can prevent eruption or cause teeth to erupt in abnormal positions, while root dilaceration may complicate procedures like extraction or endodontic treatment and be detected radiographically as a bull's eye appearance. Minor dilaceration requires no treatment but severely deformed teeth may need extraction.
Hard Tissue Charting
This document provides guidance on hard tissue charting for dental hygienists. It discusses documenting assessments, updating charts at maintenance appointments, and following a routine sequence. It also outlines charting various dental conditions and anomalies using specific colors and symbols. Common anomalies include supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, enamel hypoplasia, and taurodontism. Black's classification is presented for charting restorations.
amelogenesis imperfecta / dental courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of enamel in teeth, causing them to appear abnormally small, discolored, pitted or grooved. It is caused by mutations in genes responsible for enamel protein production. Symptoms include soft, thin enamel that leads to highly sensitive teeth that are prone to cavities, damage, and early loss. Treatment may involve crowns, extractions, and dental implants or dentures in severe cases.
Trauma management
Trauma management, Child abuse, History of trauma, Examination of trauma, Head injury, Investigations, Other considerations in trauma management, Maxillofacial injuries, Sequelae of fractures of the jaws in children, Luxations in the primary dentition, Fractures of primary incisors, Sequelae of trauma to primary teeth, Crown and root fractures of permanent incisors, Incomplete root apex with a clinically normal pulp Cvek pulpotomy (apexogenesis), Incomplete root apex with a necrotic pulp, Mature root apex, Root fractures, Crown/root fractures, Crown/root fractures Options for management, Crown/root fractures in immature teeth, Luxations in the permanent dentition, Avulsion of permanent teeth, Management in the dental surgery, Complications in endodontic management of avulsed teeth, Autotransplantation, Internal bleaching of root-filled incisors, Soft-tissue injuries, Attached gingival tissues, Prevention from trauma
Developmental disturbances in structure of teeth
This document discusses enamel defects including hereditary enamel dysplasia and enamel hypoplasia. It describes the three stages of enamel development and factors that can disrupt this process such as nutritional deficiencies, infections, trauma, and genetic conditions. Specific enamel defects are defined including pitted enamel hypoplasia and enamel discoloration seen in conditions like congenital syphilis and fluorosis. Classification systems for hereditary enamel dysplasia and clinical, radiographic, and genetic features are also summarized.
Opi 1-introduction-tooth abnormalities
This document outlines the course content for Oral Pathology I taught by Dr. Aiman A. Ali. The course covers abnormalities of teeth and oral tissues including alterations in size, shape, number, structure and color of teeth. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, taurodontism, gemination, fusion, impaction, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation includes attendance, quizzes, exams and case presentations. The document provides the syllabus, lecture topics, and expectations for the laboratory component where students will examine abnormalities of teeth and oral tissues.
Variations in maxillary permanent molars
This document discusses common anatomical variations that can occur in the maxillary permanent molars. It describes cases of a first molar with 7 cusps and 5 roots, a second molar with an additional cusp (dens evaginatus) that can cause complications, and variations in the number of roots and root canals in the second and third molars that can have up to 5 roots and 6 root canals. It also discusses eruption variations including reversible and irreversible ectopic eruption of the first molar and impacted or inverted third molars. Treatment options addressed include contouring of extra cusps and extracting impacted teeth.
Opi 1-introduction
This document outlines the course content for Oral Pathology I taught by Dr. Aiman A. Ali. The course covers abnormalities of the teeth and oral tissues including alterations in size, shape, number, and structure of teeth. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, taurodontism, anodontia, impaction, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation methods include attendance, quizzes, exams, and practical evaluations.
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a disorder of tooth development. This condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, pitted or grooved, and prone to rapid wear and breakage
Disorders of the teeth & bone
This document discusses various disorders of teeth and bone. It describes developmental disorders that can cause variations in tooth number, size, shape, eruption and structure. Tooth structure disorders include enamel hypoplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta and amelogenesis imperfecta. Bone disorders discussed include cleidocranial dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, gigantism/acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, rickets and Paget's disease. Causes, clinical features, diagnoses and treatments are provided for each condition.
Dentin Dysplasia
Dentin dysplasia (DD) is a rare hereditary disturbance is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
unknown etiology that affects approximately 1 :100,000.
In 1972, Witkop classified it into type I and type II which affect both dentitions.DD Type I
Radicular dentin dysplasia
Characterized by:-
1.Both dentitions are affected.
2.Normal appearing crowns
3.No or only rudimentary root development (rootless teeth)
4.Incomplete or total obliteration of the pulp chamber.
5.Teeth may exhibit extreme mobility and exfoliate prematurely.DD type II
coronal dentin dysplasia
Characterized by:-
1.partial pulpal obliteration.
2.Thistle-tube-or flame-shaped coronal pulp chambers
3. Thread-like root canals
4. Usually the absence of periapical radiolucencies.
5. In this type of anomaly, teeth roots are of normal shape and contour.The enamel and the immediately subjacent dentin appear normal.
Deeper layers of dentin show an atypical tubular pattern with an amorphous, atubular area, and irregular organization.
Normal dentinal tubule formation appears to have been blocked so that new dentine forms around obstacles and takes on the characteristic appearances described as “lava flowing around boulders”The radiograph revealed features of dentine dysplasia type I with normal appearance of crown but no root development Autosomal Dominant Disorder:
Manifested in heterozygous states
At least one parent of index case is usually affected
Both males and females are affected.
Clinical feature can be modified by variation in penetrance and expressivity. Some individual inherit the mutant gene but are phenotpically normal. This is reffered to as “incomplete penetrance”.
In many condition the age of onset is delayed.
Inheritance Pattern:
Typical pattern is a heterozygous affected parent with a homozygous unaffected parent.
Every child has one chance in two of having the disease
Both sexes are affected equally..Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Largest category of Mendelian disorder
Usually does not affect the parent of the affected individual, but sibling may show the disease.
Complete penetrance is common.
Onset is frequently early in life.
Usually affect enzymatic proteins.
Pattern Of Inheritance:
Typical pattern is two heterozygous unaffected (carrier) parent.
The triat does not usually affect the parent, but siblings may show the disease
Siblings have one chance in four of being affected
Both sexes affected equally.
PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A CASE REP...
This document discusses the prosthodontic management of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a hereditary condition affecting the structure and appearance of enamel. It provides background on AI, including classification, genetic causes, clinical implications such as sensitivity and rapid wear, and impact on growth. Treatment considerations are outlined for the primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions. The focus case describes a patient with AI who was rehabilitated using full-mouth zirconium oxide ceramic fixed bridges over 3 years, leaving the patient satisfied with function, esthetics, and speech.
Developmental disturbances
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of the jaws and teeth. It begins with introductions and terminology. It then discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the jaws, such as agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, and clefts. Tooth disturbances covered include anomalies in size, number, morphology, structure, and position. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dens invaginatus. Finally, the document examines some developmental cysts of the jaws, such as the nasopalatine duct cyst, median palatal cyst, and Stafne cyst. The conclusion thanks the reader.
6.concrescence
Concrescence is the fusion of tooth roots together by cementum. It can occur developmentally due to space restrictions, or after inflammatory or traumatic damage to tooth roots. There are two types - true concrescence during development, or acquired concrescence after development. Clinically, concrescence is most common in maxillary molars and fuses only two teeth together by their roots. Radiographs are needed to diagnose concrescence and distinguish it from teeth in close contact or superimposition, showing the union of two tooth roots with cementum. Extraction of concrescent teeth requires careful treatment by dentists.
Developmental anomalies of teeth - by variyta
This presentation will surely help those scratching there nerves with developmental disturbances of teeth :)
click to find out
Amelogenesis Imperfecta & Environmental Enamel Hypoplasia
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA & ENVIRONMENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA PPT Prepared from multiple credible sources.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes teeth to be discolored and translucent, as well as weaker and prone to breakage. It is caused by abnormal dentin formation and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The condition affects an estimated 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 people and can involve both primary and permanent teeth. Treatment focuses on bonding to strengthen enamel and make teeth appear whiter, as common cosmetic procedures are inappropriate due to the weakened state of the teeth.
3. haron amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of enamel on teeth. It results in enamel that is unusually thin, soft, prone to rapid wear and breakage. There are four main types classified by abnormalities in enamel formation including hypoplastic (defect in amount), hypomaturation (defect in maturation), hypocalcified (defect in initial crystallization), and a mixed type. Treatment involves full crowns, extractions, and dental implants or dentures to compensate for the weakened enamel and protect the teeth.
Dental anomaly
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth. It covers disturbances in size such as microdontia and macrodontia. It also discusses disturbances in number, including hypodontia, oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth. Various morphological disturbances are described, including fusion, gemination, taurodontism, dens evaginatus, and enamel pearls. Genetic conditions that can cause defects in enamel such as amelogenesis imperfecta are also reviewed. The document provides diagnostic criteria and differentiating features for many of the discussed dental abnormalities and developmental disturbances.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a disorder that causes teeth to be discolored and translucent. The teeth are also weaker, making them prone to breakage and loss. It affects approximately 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 people. There are three main types - Type I occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta, Type II is autosomal dominant and may cause hearing loss, and Type III shows extremely thin dentin and enlarged pulp chambers. Treatment focuses on bonding to strengthen and whiten teeth, as other cosmetic procedures could further damage the weakened teeth.
Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
This document discusses several systemic and congenital factors that can influence the eruption of teeth. It outlines that in Down Syndrome, primary tooth eruption is often delayed, with studies finding on average 6-11 primary teeth delayed. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare syndrome where dental development is delayed, with primary dentition still present at 15 years old. Other conditions mentioned that can cause delayed tooth eruption include hypothyroidism, achondroplastic dwarfism, hypopituitarism, fibromatosis gingivae, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, nutrition deficiencies, vitamin D resistant rickets, and amelogenesis imperfecta.
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
This document discusses several conditions related to abnormalities in dentin formation, including dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. It describes the genetic basis, clinical and radiographic features, classifications, and histopathological characteristics of these inherited disorders. The key features include opalescent or discolored teeth, bulbous crowns, thin dentin, enlarged pulp chambers, shortened roots, and premature tooth loss. Classification systems include those proposed by Shields and Witkop. Treatment may involve extraction and dental prosthetics due to poor cosmetic outcomes and functional complications.
21.hypercementosis
Hypercementosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of cementum on tooth roots. It can be localized, affecting a single tooth due to conditions like periapical osteitis, or generalized, affecting many teeth as an age-related factor or due to diseases like Paget's disease of bone. Radiographically, it appears as thickening and blunting of roots with a bulbous or irregular apex. Diagnosis is clinical based on the bulbous root appearance. Treatment focuses on managing any underlying primary causes.
Radiographic assessment of teeth developmental anomalies
This document discusses various developmental anomalies that can occur in teeth. It begins by outlining common causes of anomalies such as genetic factors, environmental influences, infections, trauma, radiation, hormonal disturbances and nutritional deficiencies.
The document then categorizes and describes different types of anomalies including those involving tooth size (microdontia, macrodontia), number (supernumerary teeth, missing teeth), shape (gemination, fusion), eruption (transposition, premature/delayed eruption) and other structures (taurodontism, dilaceration, dens-in-dent). It provides details on the clinical and radiographic presentation of each anomaly and their implications. Common syndromes associated with multiple anomalies are also mentioned. In
749: Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients
The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in 509 Egyptian orthodontic patients. The study found that impaction of teeth was the most common dental anomaly observed, followed by agenesis of third molars and maxillary lateral incisors. Other relatively common anomalies included ectopic eruption, hyperdontia, hypodontia, and microdontia. Gemination and secondary roots were the least observed anomalies, and fusion and dentinogenesis imperfecta were not observed at all. The findings provide guidance for clinicians in detecting dental anomalies during orthodontic examinations.
Radiographic Interpretation of Dental Anomalies
This document discusses various types of dental abnormalities including developmental, acquired, hyperdontia (extra teeth), hypodontia (missing teeth), macrodontia (large teeth), microdontia (small teeth), transposition (switched positions of teeth), fusion, and concrescence (root fusion). It provides details on the characteristics, causes, prevalence, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, and management of each abnormality.
Pathologic conditions affecting developmental disturbances and anomalies
The document discusses various causes of tooth discoloration and abnormalities in tooth development and structure. It describes developmental disturbances that can result in discoloration, such as amelogenesis imperfecta or dental fluorosis. Intrinsic pigments from conditions like jaundice or blood disorders can also cause tooth discoloration. Abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, structure, and enamel formation are discussed in relation to hereditary and environmental factors.
Teeth abnormalities ii
This document provides an overview of oral pathology and abnormalities of teeth. It discusses various histological staining techniques used in oral pathology as well as abnormalities in tooth shape, number, enamel, dentin, pulp, and color. Some key points include descriptions of taurodontism, supernumerary teeth, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, regional odontodysplasia, pulp calcification, internal and external resorption, and endogenous and exogenous staining. The document serves as a guide for oral pathology laboratory procedures and identifying various dental abnormalities.
Sindrome otodental
This case report describes a 9-year-old boy who presented with dental abnormalities characteristic of otodental syndrome. Key findings included large bulbous crowns in both primary and permanent canine and molar teeth. Radiographs showed the abnormal molars appeared to be fused tooth buds with duplicated pulp chambers. The patient was referred for hearing evaluation, though prior testing by parents found normal hearing. Otodental syndrome is characterized by dental anomalies and sensorineural hearing loss inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expression.
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Opi 1-introduction
This document outlines the course content for Oral Pathology I taught by Dr. Aiman A. Ali. The course covers abnormalities of the teeth and oral tissues including alterations in size, shape, number, and structure of teeth. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, taurodontism, anodontia, impaction, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation methods include attendance, quizzes, exams, and practical evaluations.
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a disorder of tooth development. This condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, pitted or grooved, and prone to rapid wear and breakage
Disorders of the teeth & bone
This document discusses various disorders of teeth and bone. It describes developmental disorders that can cause variations in tooth number, size, shape, eruption and structure. Tooth structure disorders include enamel hypoplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta and amelogenesis imperfecta. Bone disorders discussed include cleidocranial dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, gigantism/acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, rickets and Paget's disease. Causes, clinical features, diagnoses and treatments are provided for each condition.
Dentin Dysplasia
Dentin dysplasia (DD) is a rare hereditary disturbance is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
unknown etiology that affects approximately 1 :100,000.
In 1972, Witkop classified it into type I and type II which affect both dentitions.DD Type I
Radicular dentin dysplasia
Characterized by:-
1.Both dentitions are affected.
2.Normal appearing crowns
3.No or only rudimentary root development (rootless teeth)
4.Incomplete or total obliteration of the pulp chamber.
5.Teeth may exhibit extreme mobility and exfoliate prematurely.DD type II
coronal dentin dysplasia
Characterized by:-
1.partial pulpal obliteration.
2.Thistle-tube-or flame-shaped coronal pulp chambers
3. Thread-like root canals
4. Usually the absence of periapical radiolucencies.
5. In this type of anomaly, teeth roots are of normal shape and contour.The enamel and the immediately subjacent dentin appear normal.
Deeper layers of dentin show an atypical tubular pattern with an amorphous, atubular area, and irregular organization.
Normal dentinal tubule formation appears to have been blocked so that new dentine forms around obstacles and takes on the characteristic appearances described as “lava flowing around boulders”The radiograph revealed features of dentine dysplasia type I with normal appearance of crown but no root development Autosomal Dominant Disorder:
Manifested in heterozygous states
At least one parent of index case is usually affected
Both males and females are affected.
Clinical feature can be modified by variation in penetrance and expressivity. Some individual inherit the mutant gene but are phenotpically normal. This is reffered to as “incomplete penetrance”.
In many condition the age of onset is delayed.
Inheritance Pattern:
Typical pattern is a heterozygous affected parent with a homozygous unaffected parent.
Every child has one chance in two of having the disease
Both sexes are affected equally..Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Largest category of Mendelian disorder
Usually does not affect the parent of the affected individual, but sibling may show the disease.
Complete penetrance is common.
Onset is frequently early in life.
Usually affect enzymatic proteins.
Pattern Of Inheritance:
Typical pattern is two heterozygous unaffected (carrier) parent.
The triat does not usually affect the parent, but siblings may show the disease
Siblings have one chance in four of being affected
Both sexes affected equally.
PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A CASE REP...
This document discusses the prosthodontic management of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a hereditary condition affecting the structure and appearance of enamel. It provides background on AI, including classification, genetic causes, clinical implications such as sensitivity and rapid wear, and impact on growth. Treatment considerations are outlined for the primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions. The focus case describes a patient with AI who was rehabilitated using full-mouth zirconium oxide ceramic fixed bridges over 3 years, leaving the patient satisfied with function, esthetics, and speech.
Developmental disturbances
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of the jaws and teeth. It begins with introductions and terminology. It then discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the jaws, such as agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, and clefts. Tooth disturbances covered include anomalies in size, number, morphology, structure, and position. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dens invaginatus. Finally, the document examines some developmental cysts of the jaws, such as the nasopalatine duct cyst, median palatal cyst, and Stafne cyst. The conclusion thanks the reader.
6.concrescence
Concrescence is the fusion of tooth roots together by cementum. It can occur developmentally due to space restrictions, or after inflammatory or traumatic damage to tooth roots. There are two types - true concrescence during development, or acquired concrescence after development. Clinically, concrescence is most common in maxillary molars and fuses only two teeth together by their roots. Radiographs are needed to diagnose concrescence and distinguish it from teeth in close contact or superimposition, showing the union of two tooth roots with cementum. Extraction of concrescent teeth requires careful treatment by dentists.
Developmental anomalies of teeth - by variyta
This presentation will surely help those scratching there nerves with developmental disturbances of teeth :)
click to find out
Amelogenesis Imperfecta & Environmental Enamel Hypoplasia
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA & ENVIRONMENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA PPT Prepared from multiple credible sources.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes teeth to be discolored and translucent, as well as weaker and prone to breakage. It is caused by abnormal dentin formation and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The condition affects an estimated 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 people and can involve both primary and permanent teeth. Treatment focuses on bonding to strengthen enamel and make teeth appear whiter, as common cosmetic procedures are inappropriate due to the weakened state of the teeth.
3. haron amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of enamel on teeth. It results in enamel that is unusually thin, soft, prone to rapid wear and breakage. There are four main types classified by abnormalities in enamel formation including hypoplastic (defect in amount), hypomaturation (defect in maturation), hypocalcified (defect in initial crystallization), and a mixed type. Treatment involves full crowns, extractions, and dental implants or dentures to compensate for the weakened enamel and protect the teeth.
Dental anomaly
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth. It covers disturbances in size such as microdontia and macrodontia. It also discusses disturbances in number, including hypodontia, oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth. Various morphological disturbances are described, including fusion, gemination, taurodontism, dens evaginatus, and enamel pearls. Genetic conditions that can cause defects in enamel such as amelogenesis imperfecta are also reviewed. The document provides diagnostic criteria and differentiating features for many of the discussed dental abnormalities and developmental disturbances.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a disorder that causes teeth to be discolored and translucent. The teeth are also weaker, making them prone to breakage and loss. It affects approximately 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 people. There are three main types - Type I occurs with osteogenesis imperfecta, Type II is autosomal dominant and may cause hearing loss, and Type III shows extremely thin dentin and enlarged pulp chambers. Treatment focuses on bonding to strengthen and whiten teeth, as other cosmetic procedures could further damage the weakened teeth.
Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
This document discusses several systemic and congenital factors that can influence the eruption of teeth. It outlines that in Down Syndrome, primary tooth eruption is often delayed, with studies finding on average 6-11 primary teeth delayed. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare syndrome where dental development is delayed, with primary dentition still present at 15 years old. Other conditions mentioned that can cause delayed tooth eruption include hypothyroidism, achondroplastic dwarfism, hypopituitarism, fibromatosis gingivae, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, nutrition deficiencies, vitamin D resistant rickets, and amelogenesis imperfecta.
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
This document discusses several conditions related to abnormalities in dentin formation, including dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. It describes the genetic basis, clinical and radiographic features, classifications, and histopathological characteristics of these inherited disorders. The key features include opalescent or discolored teeth, bulbous crowns, thin dentin, enlarged pulp chambers, shortened roots, and premature tooth loss. Classification systems include those proposed by Shields and Witkop. Treatment may involve extraction and dental prosthetics due to poor cosmetic outcomes and functional complications.
21.hypercementosis
Hypercementosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of cementum on tooth roots. It can be localized, affecting a single tooth due to conditions like periapical osteitis, or generalized, affecting many teeth as an age-related factor or due to diseases like Paget's disease of bone. Radiographically, it appears as thickening and blunting of roots with a bulbous or irregular apex. Diagnosis is clinical based on the bulbous root appearance. Treatment focuses on managing any underlying primary causes.
Radiographic assessment of teeth developmental anomalies
This document discusses various developmental anomalies that can occur in teeth. It begins by outlining common causes of anomalies such as genetic factors, environmental influences, infections, trauma, radiation, hormonal disturbances and nutritional deficiencies.
The document then categorizes and describes different types of anomalies including those involving tooth size (microdontia, macrodontia), number (supernumerary teeth, missing teeth), shape (gemination, fusion), eruption (transposition, premature/delayed eruption) and other structures (taurodontism, dilaceration, dens-in-dent). It provides details on the clinical and radiographic presentation of each anomaly and their implications. Common syndromes associated with multiple anomalies are also mentioned. In
749: Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients
The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in 509 Egyptian orthodontic patients. The study found that impaction of teeth was the most common dental anomaly observed, followed by agenesis of third molars and maxillary lateral incisors. Other relatively common anomalies included ectopic eruption, hyperdontia, hypodontia, and microdontia. Gemination and secondary roots were the least observed anomalies, and fusion and dentinogenesis imperfecta were not observed at all. The findings provide guidance for clinicians in detecting dental anomalies during orthodontic examinations.
Radiographic Interpretation of Dental Anomalies
This document discusses various types of dental abnormalities including developmental, acquired, hyperdontia (extra teeth), hypodontia (missing teeth), macrodontia (large teeth), microdontia (small teeth), transposition (switched positions of teeth), fusion, and concrescence (root fusion). It provides details on the characteristics, causes, prevalence, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, and management of each abnormality.
Pathologic conditions affecting developmental disturbances and anomalies
The document discusses various causes of tooth discoloration and abnormalities in tooth development and structure. It describes developmental disturbances that can result in discoloration, such as amelogenesis imperfecta or dental fluorosis. Intrinsic pigments from conditions like jaundice or blood disorders can also cause tooth discoloration. Abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, structure, and enamel formation are discussed in relation to hereditary and environmental factors.
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PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A CASE REP...
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Amelogenesis Imperfecta & Environmental Enamel Hypoplasia
Amelogenesis Imperfecta & Environmental Enamel Hypoplasia
Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
Radiographic assessment of teeth developmental anomalies
Radiographic assessment of teeth developmental anomalies
749: Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients
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Pathologic conditions affecting developmental disturbances and anomalies
Pathologic conditions affecting developmental disturbances and anomalies
Similar to Variation of mandibular molars
Teeth abnormalities ii
This document provides an overview of oral pathology and abnormalities of teeth. It discusses various histological staining techniques used in oral pathology as well as abnormalities in tooth shape, number, enamel, dentin, pulp, and color. Some key points include descriptions of taurodontism, supernumerary teeth, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, regional odontodysplasia, pulp calcification, internal and external resorption, and endogenous and exogenous staining. The document serves as a guide for oral pathology laboratory procedures and identifying various dental abnormalities.
Sindrome otodental
This case report describes a 9-year-old boy who presented with dental abnormalities characteristic of otodental syndrome. Key findings included large bulbous crowns in both primary and permanent canine and molar teeth. Radiographs showed the abnormal molars appeared to be fused tooth buds with duplicated pulp chambers. The patient was referred for hearing evaluation, though prior testing by parents found normal hearing. Otodental syndrome is characterized by dental anomalies and sensorineural hearing loss inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expression.
Developmental Anomalies Of Teeth
This document discusses various developmental anomalies that can affect the teeth. It begins by introducing different types of developmental defects categorized by size, number, shape, form and structure of teeth. It then focuses on specific anomalies in each category. For size, it describes macrodontia and microdontia, including true/relative generalized and localized forms. For number, it discusses anodontia, supernumerary teeth and hypodontia/oligodontia. For shape and form, it examines fusion, gemination, taurodontism, talon cusp and other anomalies. The document provides clinical pictures and examples to illustrate each condition and discusses etiology, characteristics and management.
Premature exfoliation of primary teeth
Premature exfoliation of primary teeth can be caused by toxicities, metabolic disorders, malignancies, dental causes, and miscellaneous conditions. Specific etiologies include acrodynia from mercury exposure, radiation-induced xerostomia, acatalasia, hypophosphatasia, leukemia-associated gingival enlargement, localized aggressive periodontitis, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, cherubism, aplastic anemia, and dentin dysplasia. Diagnostic testing may involve blood tests, imaging, biopsies, and microbial cultures to identify the underlying condition leading to premature tooth loss.
Interceptive Orthodontics
The document discusses interceptive orthodontics, which aims to minimize or eliminate developing malocclusions before damage occurs through early treatment. It defines interceptive orthodontics and outlines its goals of allowing ideal dental development and preventing harmful occlusions. Timing of treatment depends on proposed measures and dental maturity. Interceptive orthodontics is particularly useful for certain patient groups. Common interceptive treatments include correcting anterior and posterior crossbites, managing early primary tooth loss, balancing extractions, and space maintenance. The document emphasizes the importance of screening and intercepting issues like supernumerary teeth and outlines guidelines for interceptive orthodontic treatment.
Etiology of malocclusion
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
Dental anomalies
The document discusses various abnormalities that can occur during tooth development, including hypodontia, ectodermal dysplasias, and supernumerary teeth. It notes that hypodontia, where there are missing teeth, is the most common dental developmental abnormality. Ectodermal dysplasias are a group of inherited disorders that affect structures derived from ectoderm including teeth, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The most common type is X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia where patients typically have missing teeth, sparse hair, and dry skin. Treatment for hypodontia aims to restore function and aesthetics, often using dentures for young children.
Congenital defects of the Face
Cleft lip and palate is a congenital abnormality caused by failure of fusion of structures like the lip, alveolus, hard and soft palate during embryonic development. It has an incidence of 1 in 600 live births for cleft lip and palate, and 1 in 1000 for isolated cleft palate. Treatment involves surgical repair of clefts as well as management of associated issues like feeding problems, hearing loss, dental abnormalities, and speech and facial growth defects. Secondary surgery may be needed to improve cosmetic or functional outcomes.
Ectodermal dysplasia.pptx
This case presentation describes a 10-year-old male patient diagnosed with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The patient presented with missing teeth in the upper and lower arches since childhood. A history of the condition and the patient's medical, dental, and family histories were collected. Clinical examination findings were documented, including photographs showing the characteristic features of ectodermal dysplasia. Radiographs were also taken. A provisional diagnosis of hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia was made. Treatment options and considerations for patients with ectodermal dysplasia are discussed, including various prosthetic and implant treatment strategies. Growth patterns and their implications for treatment are also reviewed.
Amelogenesis imperfecta
This document provides an overview of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a hereditary condition affecting the enamel of teeth. It discusses the classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of AI. AI results from genetic mutations that disrupt enamel formation and can be autosomal dominant, recessive or X-linked. Clinically, AI presents with hypoplastic, hypomineralised or hypocalcified enamel. Treatment involves restoring aesthetic and functional deficits through methods like crowns, composites or prosthetics.
etiology of malocclusion for general practitioners.docx
Etiology of Malocclusion
For general practitioners
Prepared by
Dr. M Alruby
Etiology in orthodontics is the study of actual causes of dento – facial abnormalities.
Malocclusion is the condition where there is a deviation from the usual or accepted relationship, dental malocclusion exists when the individual teeth within one or both jaws are abnormally related to each other, this condition may be limited to a couple of teeth or involving the majority of teeth present.
Development of normal dentition and occlusion depends on a number of interrelated factors that include the dento alveolar, skeletal and the neuromuscular factors. Thus localization of the possible etiology may be a very difficult task.
A- Extrinsic factors:
1- Evolution:
With evolution, the jaws become smaller, reduction in the number and size of teeth and diminution of jaw projection together with increased in vertical height of the face and there is retrognathic tendency in man as he ascends the evolutionary scale.
2- Heredity:
Transmission of dento facial characteristic through generation by genes. The child is a product of parents who have dissimilar genetic material. Thus the child may inherit conflicting traits from both the parents resulting in abnormalities of the dentofacial region. Another reason attributed for genetically determined malocclusion is the racial, ethnic and regional intermixer, which might have led to uncoordinated inheritance of teeth and jaws.
There are three types of transmission of malocclusion from the stand point of genetics:
1- Repetitive: the recurrence of single dentofacial deviation within the immediate family.
2- Discontinuous: a tendency for a malocclusion trait to reappear within the family over several generations.
3- Variable: the occurrence of different but related types of malocclusion within several generation of the same family.
Dental defect of genetic origin include the following:
= Crowding and spacing of teeth.
= Size and characteristic of soft tissue including muscles and frenum.
= Macrognathia and micrognathia.
= Macrodontia and microdontia.
= Oligodontia.
= Tooth shape variations.
= Median diastemas.
= upper face height, nose height, and bigonial width.
= Bimaxillary protrusion.
4- Congenital:
Those are deformities of hereditary or non-hereditary origin but exciting at birth.
The congenital abnormalities that cause malocclusion:
= Cleft lip and palate:
lack of fusion between the two palatal processes to each other. From one third to one half of all cleft palate children have familial history of this deformity.
As with the non-cleft child, palatal, pharyngeal and perioral musculature is well developed at birth to meet the demand of suckling, deglutition and mastication. While the complete unilateral or complete bilateral cleft break the continuity of the upper lip and disturbs the functional pattern and significantly reduce the restraining effect of the buccinators mechanism that pro
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This document discusses hypodontia, which refers to a congenital absence of 1-6 teeth excluding third molars. Hypodontia can be classified based on severity (mild for 1-2 teeth, moderate for 3-5 teeth, severe for 6+ teeth) or based on inheritance pattern (syndromic vs non-syndromic). Non-syndromic hypodontia is more common and can affect the maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular incisors, and premolars. Treatment for hypodontia involves a multidisciplinary approach and may include space closure, space opening, or no treatment depending on the individual clinical situation.
Anomalies of tooth formation and eruption
Anomalies of tooth formation and eruption, MISSING TEETH, EXTRA TEETH, ABNORMALITY OF TOOTH SIZE, Crown size, Root size, Abnormality of crown form, ABNORMALITY OF ROOT FORM, All tissues, Cementum defects, Dentine defects, enamel defects, DISTURBANCES OF ERUPTION & EXFOLIATION,
Etiology of maloclussion bvp
This document discusses the etiology and classification of malocclusion. It identifies several local and general factors that can cause malocclusion, including heredity, congenital defects, environmental factors like thumb sucking and tongue thrusting, metabolic diseases, accidents or trauma, anomalies in tooth number or size, and abnormal frenum or dental restorations. It provides examples for each factor and their effects on dental alignment. Congenital defects discussed in detail include clefts of the lip and palate, congenital syphilis, and macro/microglossia.
Radiological aspects of periodontal disease/cosmetic dentistry courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Developmental disturbances of teeth and bone
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth and bone growth, classified into developmental and environmental alterations. Developmental alterations include changes in tooth number, size, shape, and structure. Specific conditions discussed include hypodontia (fewer teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia (smaller teeth), macrodontia (larger teeth), gemination (fused teeth appearing as one), fusion (fused teeth appearing as missing one), concrescence (fused tooth roots), and accessory cusps. Treatment depends on the severity and can include prosthetics, orthodontics, or surgery. Genetic factors play a strong role in many developmental tooth anomalies.
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Pedia Preventive orthodontics
This document discusses preventive orthodontics and measures taken to prevent malocclusion in children. It focuses on caries control, periodontal health, and preventing malocclusion. Key aspects include periodic oral examinations of children to detect early problems, preservation of arch length, replacement of lost primary teeth with space maintainers, and intercepting potential irregularities to facilitate future treatment. Conditions that can cause orthodontic problems include crowding, mismatch of tooth and jaw size, breathing issues, and thumb sucking. The general factors influencing malocclusion with premature tooth loss include abnormal oral muscles, oral habits, existing malocclusion, and erupting teeth adjacent to space left by loss.
186th publication jamdsr- 5th name
This case report describes an extremely rare case of severe dilaceration (117° palatal inclination) of the root of a maxillary second premolar tooth. Trauma to primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances to permanent successor teeth, including crown and root dilaceration. Dilacerated teeth pose challenges for diagnosis, treatment planning, endodontic access, and extraction. In this case, the maxillary second premolar tooth was severely dilacerated and had to be extracted. Dilaceration is an abnormality that requires a multidisciplinary approach and modified treatment procedures.
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Salivary glands disorders
Stress, depression, and diabetes can impact salivary gland function and cause hyposalivation or xerostomia. Experiments found stress and depression were significantly related to reduced unstimulated salivary flow and feelings of dry mouth. Diabetes can decrease stimulated saliva and change saliva composition. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks salivary glands, commonly causing dry eyes and mouth in women over 40, especially those with other autoimmune diseases. A dry mouth can increase dental issues so treatment aims to increase saliva or relieve symptoms.
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Effect of laser on depigmentation of the gingiva
This document discusses the use of diode lasers for depigmentation of gingival tissues. It finds that diode laser treatment is effective for removing gingival pigmentation with benefits over scalpel techniques like less pain, bleeding and faster wound healing. The procedure uses a diode laser applied directly to pigmented gingival tissue in a layer-by-layer manner to ablate melanocytes responsible for pigmentation. Studies found less post-operative discomfort and recurrence rate with laser treatment compared to scalpel. Minimal side effects include mild swelling and potential delayed healing.
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The document discusses the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes, smoking, orthodontic treatment, and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. It explains that diabetes can lead to periodontal disease due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels causing increased inflammatory responses, vascular modifications, and impaired wound healing in the gums. Smoking causes reduced blood flow in the gums through nicotine, increasing the risk of gum disease. Orthodontic treatment and chronic periodontal disease can damage supporting bone and tissues in the gums, resulting in gingival recession and exposed tooth roots.
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Effects of systemic diseases on saliva and salivary glands
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This document summarizes factors that affect the dentogingival junction. The dentogingival junction attaches the oral epithelium from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin. Hemidesmosomes play an important role in cellular attachment at the junction through interactions between intracellular and transmembrane proteins. Periodontal pockets and gingival recession can negatively impact the junction's attachment to the tooth. Other factors like aging, trauma from brushing/flossing, and excessive occlusal forces can also affect the integrity of the dentogingival junction. The junction has the ability to reattach to the tooth surface within 5 days if completely separated.
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This document summarizes factors that affect the dentogingival junction. Bacteria can initiate tissue destruction by increasing permeability in the junctional epithelium and inducing apoptosis of invaded cells, leading to coronal degeneration and detachment of the junctional epithelium. Trauma from periodontal surgeries or accidental sources like probing or tooth preparations can widen the marginal periodontal ligament space and narrow the interproximal alveolar bone. The formation of periodontal pockets results in apical migration of the junctional epithelium and symptoms like gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. While gingivitis can stimulate initial increases in leukocytes and intracellular debris in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue, the established lesion
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The document discusses various anatomical variations that can occur in human maxillary molars. It describes variations in the number of roots and root canals, including the presence of 5-6 roots in some cases. The shape of the crown can also vary, with some individuals having 6-7 cusps rather than the typical 4. Specific variations are described for each maxillary molar, including the potential for taurodontism, accessory roots, root fusions, and additional cusps. A variety of environmental and developmental factors are believed to influence these anatomical variations.
Variations of maxillary molars
This document discusses common variations seen in permanent maxillary molars. It notes that while most maxillary first molars have three roots, variations may include one, four, or even five roots. The number of root canals can also vary, from four canals as most common to configurations with more or fewer canals. Variations are also seen in maxillary second molars, such as the presence of an accessory parastyle cusp or two separate palatal roots. Maxillary third molars most often have three roots and canals, though the mesiobuccal root sometimes displays additional canal configurations.
Nanotechnology in dentistry
This document discusses applications of nanotechnology in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology, noting that nanoparticles are one billionth of a meter in size. Nanoparticles like nanotubes and quantum rods can be used for diagnosis by detecting and identifying altered or cancer cells. Nanoparticles incorporated into toothpastes have antimicrobial properties that can reduce dental caries. Other applications discussed include use of nanoparticles in dental composites, photodynamic therapy using dyes, and advantages like superior material properties and better aesthetics. Potential disadvantages include toxicity of nanoparticles and ethical issues.
Factors affecting DGJ
The dentogingival junction attaches the gingiva to the tooth and consists of both epithelium and lamina propria. It functions as a barrier and in antimicrobial defense and gingival crevicular fluid flow. Factors that can affect the dentogingival junction include bacteria and bacterial products from dental biofilm, which can allow pathogen overgrowth and weaken the junction through virulence factors. Periodontal disease can also affect the junction through degeneration of attachment cells, formation of pockets, and decreased tissue repair capacity. Passive eruption and mechanical stimulation such as probing, flossing, and treatments like gingivectomy can further impact the junction.
Variation in maxillary molars
The document discusses variations in root and root canal morphology in maxillary molars. It summarizes that the maxillary first molar most commonly has 3 roots but may rarely have 1, 4, or 5 roots. The maxillary second molar commonly has 3 roots and root canals but may have 1, 2, or 4 roots. The maxillary third molar shows considerable variation, with studies finding 56% having a single root, 24% having 2 roots, 13% having 3 roots, and 7% having 4 roots. Root canals in the maxillary third molar were most commonly 3 canals but may range from 1-5 canals. Understanding variations is important for successful root canal treatment and extraction.
Variations in maxillary molars
This document summarizes common anatomical variations seen in maxillary molars. The first maxillary molar typically has 3 roots but may occasionally have 4 separate roots. It can also be single-rooted in rare cases. The second maxillary molar commonly has 3 roots but may occasionally feature 2 palatal roots or fused roots. First and second maxillary molars can also be single-rooted in rare cases or have 2 roots. The third maxillary molar has the most anatomical variations and unpredictable root canal morphology, sometimes featuring 3 or 4 roots. Accessing and treating third molars can also be complicated due to their positioning and variable eruption patterns between ages 18 to 21.
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Variation of mandibular molars
- 1. WELCOME Variations in Mandibular Permanent Molars PREPARED BY: Yasmin Ashraf, Marwa Mohamed ,Rola Khaled, Sama Samir Under Supervision: A.Prof. Samah Kamel introducti on Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd
- 2. introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd The anomalies of the teeth have always been of great interest to the dentist from the scientific as well as from the practical view point. Most anomalies occur in the permanent than in the primary dentition and in the maxilla than in the mandible. 6 7 8
- 3. introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Mandibular first permanent molarVariations in Crown and Roots Mandibular Second permanent molar Taurdontism Hypodontia Mandibular third permanent molarVariations in the Crown and root Impaction 01 02 03
- 4. introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd 32 Abnormal 1 with 4 cusps * with 6 cusps with 7cusps Abnormal Abnormal Variations in Crown *Treatment
- 5. introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd The causes of this abnormalities are: some mutations in the genes encode transcription factors and signaling molecules which are involved in odontogenesis. Example: MSX-1
- 6. introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Lower6 Normal with 2 roots 1 Radix entomolari s 2 With 1 root Causes and effects of abnormal Cases Abnormal Abnormal Variations in the Roots
- 7. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Lower7 01 02 03 Taroudant tooth may have an abnormal root canal system.
- 8. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Lower7 A delay in calcification of the pulp chamber floor An unusual developmental pattern 01 02 Causes of Taurdontism
- 9. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Lower7 Main points dentists should avoid during the treatment of this tooth: • In performing pediatric endodontics on these teeth, one should appreciate complexity of root canal system. • Careful exploration of the grooves between all orifices, particularly with magnification, ultrasonic irrigation and a modified filling technique are recommended.
- 10. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Variations in the Crown Hypodontia is a common dental abnormality in the population which may appear as a part of syndromic or nonsyndromic form Patients may suffer from : • unfavorable appearance • malocclusion • periodontal damage • other problems. Caused by : a number of interactions between genetic and environmental factors during dental development.
- 11. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Normal with lower7 with lower 7 1 Missing 7 & germs of 8 2 Missing many permanent teeth Diagnosis. By using intraoral ( radiographic ) Abnormal Abnormal
- 12. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd From the variations that may appear in the crown of the lower third molar: The presence of an extra cusp and a premolar-shaped protostylid The presence of 4 cusps with a prominent oblique ridge kind of structure extending from the mesio- lingual to the disto-buccal cusp 01 02
- 13. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd From the variations that may appear in the root of the lower third molar: The fusion of the roots 01 02 03 The severe curvature of the roots The presence of a single root The presence of three roots, two on the lingual aspect and one on the buccal aspect04
- 14. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Impaction of the mandibular third molar: The Definition The Cause The Treatment
- 15. Introducti Lower6 Lower7 Lower8 TheEnd Thank You http://www.ijcem.com/files/ijcem0024485.pdf http://revodonto.bvsalud.org/pdf/rsbo/v12n1/a09v12n1.pdf http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1698- 69462007000800014 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crim/2015/827070/ https://www.hxbenefit.com/taurodontism.html http://www.jiaomr.in/article.asp?issn=09721363;year=2016;volume=28;iss ue=1;spage=57;epage=60;aulast=Desai https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306241378_Gemination_of_a_ma ndibular_third_molar_A_rare_case_report • http://www.ejgd.org/article.asp?issn=2278 9626;year=2012;volume=1;issue=3;spage=148;epage=160;aulast= • https://www.heighpubs.org/johcs/johcs-aid1010.php • https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Control-panoramic-radiograph- during-lower-left-third-molar-surgery-shows-a-fracture- of_fig1_248386460 • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9680909 References