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Variations in maxillary molars
- 1. Variations in maxillary molars By Junior dentists: Eyad Mohsen, Basant Hatem, Menna Elsayed, Ola Ibrahim, Osama Sonbol Maxillary molars are known to have a lot of variations that appear to be in shape and number of roots and crown and we are going to mention some of these popular variations. Under supervision of A.Prof. Samah Kamel
- 2. Variations in root numbers and root canals: - 5 to 6 roots and root canals. - C shaped root canal. “Two rooted upper 6 has rarely been reported.” Maxillary 1st molar - Root canals: Palatal and distobuccal roots were observed to contain one root canal while the mesiobuccal root had one type (29.4%) and 2 types (70.6%).
- 3. Variations in the shape of the crown: - It might have 6-7 cusps which is abnormally large (only 4), with 7 triangular ridges. In some rare cases, the oblique ridge might be absent. - Number of cusps is usually 4 to 5 in presence of tubercle of carabelli, while some rare cases showed the presence of only 3 cusps.(Mini Molar) 3 cusped upper 6
- 4. Congenital Syphilis It is a condition in which a child was born to a syphilitic mother. It usually affects the permanent incisors and first permanent molars Developmental Disturbances of Hard tooth Structure They are barrel shaped where the mesiodistal dimension at the incisal edge is lesser than at the cervical line. The mesial & distal angles are rounded. “The 1st permanent molars may be dome shaped (Moon’s Molar)” “Alternatively, they may exhibit multiple tubercles on the occlusal surface (Mulberry Molars)”
- 5. Variations in root numbers and root canals: -3 roots: 2 root canals where The mesiobuccal and distobuccal canals are combined together giving 1 buccal canal -1 root: 1 canal -4 roots : 4 canals (2 buccal and 2 lingual) Variations in the shape of the root: Taurodontism : It is Lack of cemento-enamle junction Shape of tooth: • The tooth is rectangular in shape • Short root & enlarged body of tooth (on the expense of root) • Extremely large pulp chamber apico-occlusaly It has three types: • Hypotaurodont ( mild enlargement of pulp) • Mesotaurodont (moderate enlargement of pulp where part of root still appear) • Hypertaurodont (pulp cavity reaches apical the root bifurcation is near the apex) Normal (cynodont) hypo Meso taurodont hyper Maxillary 2nd molar Hypertaurodont
- 6. 2-concrescence: It occurs between two fully developed tooth with separate root canals but they are fused at their cementum It can be seen between erupted upper 7 and impact upper 8 or erupted upper 7 and erupted upper 8
- 7. The presence of parastyle: It is an accessory cusp present on the buccal surface of mesiobuccal cusp of upper 7 , it is considered a cingulum derivative expressed on the buccal surface Variations in the shape of the crown:
- 8. Maxillary 3rd molar Variations in root numbers and root canals: - 1 root: with one root canal - 4 roots: called accessory root and could be palatal root or buccal root paramolaris) which is differentiated into two types, the 1st type is fused buccal root and the 2nd type is central accessory buccal root -5 roots: very rare state “The accessory roots in maxillary 3rd molar” “The maxillary 3rd molar with one root”
- 9. Variation in the shape of the root: The Palatogingival groove (PGG) has been reported to be found in some cases of maxillary 3rd molar. It is termed a silent killer as it is associated with decreased enamel thickness in its area, which makes it more susceptible to cause pulpal and periodontal diseases.
- 10. “Fusion of maxillary 2nd molar and 3rd molar” Variations in the shape of the crown: -1 Fusion: • Fusion is where two developing teeth merge into one tooth. • It is defined as a single tooth. • It usually occurs between the maxillary 2nd molar and the impacted 3rd molar.
- 11. 2-Fourth molar: • Suited distally to the maxillary 3rd molar. • Usually small, conical in shape or peg shaped, rudimentary tooth but may be of normal side. • An accessory 4th molar is called distomolar or distodens. Distomolar or distodens: Appear distal to the last molar tooth “Distomolar or distodens in maxillary 3rd molar” 3-Number of cusps: Maxillary right third molar may be occur with six cusps (buccal- mesiobuccal- mesiopalatal- palatal- distopalatal- distobuccal) and dens evaginatus (yellow arrow). “Maxillary 3rd molar with dens evaginatus and multiple cusps”