The document discusses several problems facing modern agriculture, including nutrient runoff, impacts of pesticides, loss of biodiversity, climate change effects, and resource depletion. It notes that addressing these issues will require collaboration from many groups. Technological innovation is presented as part of the solution, with examples given like mechanization, fertilizers, hybridization, and biotechnology. The document outlines how innovation can promote rural development and economic growth while helping adaptation. New livestock technologies like artificial insemination and sexed semen are highlighted. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the need for strategic planning and translating innovations into suitable agro-technologies.

1. Agricultural Technology
Up scaling
Lecture 2: Agro-technology
Development
FPE 3203FPE 3203

2. Problems in agriculture
1. Nutrient runoff promotes algal
blooms

3. Problems in agriculture
2. Pesticides and ecosystems
- Deformities, sex reversals in
amphibians
- Declining pollinator populations
- Compromised immune systems
in dolphins, seals, whales
Hayes et al. Atrazine-induced hermaphroditismat
0.1 ppb in American Leopard Frogs
(Ranapipiens): Laboratory and field evidence.
2009.

4. Problems in agriculture
3. The treadmill effect
- Continually need to
apply more
chemicals to achieve
desired effect
Synthetic fertilizers Chemical pesticides

5. Problems in agriculture
4. Wild biodiversity loss:
Insecticides
- Impacts to pollinators,
predators of pests

6. Problems in agriculture
5. Climate change
100% increase
No change
100% decrease
Cropland in 2050:
Percent change intime spent
under drought conditions,
relative to 2000
Adapted from GornallJ, Betts R, Burke E, et al. Implications of climate change for
agricultural productivity in the early twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365(1554):2973-2989 .
Wheat crop during drought

7. Problems in agriculture
6. Resource depletion
- Fertile soil
- Groundwater
- Fossil fuels
- Phosphate
- Forests
- Etc.
U.S. Department of Energy.
www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/publications/npr_strategic_significancev1.
pdf .

8. Problems in agriculture
7. Loss of farmland
- Two acres per minute paved for developments

9. Problems in agriculture
8. Industrial food animal production
- Health, social, environmental, animal welfare concerns
Dairy cattle: Image copyright. Poultry: Socially Responsible Agriculture Project. www.sraproject.org.Hogs: USDA. 2004.
Manure sprayer: USDA NRCS photo gallery.

10. Addressing Problems in Agriculture

11. Will require collaborate efforts on the part of:
- Farmers
- Industries
- Consumers
- Policy makers
- Other participants in the food system
Technology ????

12. Invention, Innovation through R&D

13. Innovation vs Invention
Innovation:
Process of making changes
to something established by
introducing something new
Refers to the use of a novel
idea or method
Invention:
A new ‘thing’ / novelty
 Creation of the idea
or method itself,
irrespective of
whether it is being
used and with what
effect

14. Why innovate?
 promote rural development
 reduce poverty
 stimulate or maintain economic growth
 adapt to scarce or variable resources
 adapt to climate change

15.  Major Technological Advancements in Agriculture
 Mechanization
 Chemical Fertilizers
 Hybridization
 Biotechnology
How does technological innovation impact
agriculture?

16.  Technology Impacts the Supply of Agricultural
Products
 Technology – Allows a farmer to produce more with
a given level of inputs
How does technological innovation impact
agriculture?

17.  Artificial Insemination
 Sexed Semen
 The ability to choose the
sex of the offspring
New Technologies in the Livestock
Industry

18.  Cloning
 The ability to make an exact duplicate animal
with the same genetic makeup
New Technologies in the Livestock
Industry

19. Strategic Planning for Agro-industry
Development

21. Translating Innovation into Agro-technology
to Meet Industry Needs

22. -sensing and data acquisition
-hyperspectral imaging
-real time trace gas detection and identification of diseases
-biosensors
-information management, large complex data sources needing
control
-spatial variability and optimised inputs
-real time machine control
-systems modelling
-data integration and mining
-models of farming systems, life cycle analysis optimisation and
decision support
-holistic management systems (converting data to knowledge and
practices).
Some of the technologies and innovations suggested by Day (2010) as
being critical for farm system optimisation include:

23. FAKULTI INDUSTRI ASAS TANI
KAMPUS JELI, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN
TERIMA KASIH