cnh 2

&
A R C H I T E C T U R E C U L T U R E &
H I S T O R Y I I
P R O J E C T I I R E P O R T
D E W A N B A H A S A
P U S T A K A

T A Y L O R ' S U N I V E R S I T Y
S C H O O L O F
A R C H I T E C T U R E ,
B U I L D I N G A N D D E S I G N
T U T O R
M R . K O H J I N G H A O
G R O U P M E M B E R S
L E E S H I Y I N
0 3 2 4 6 7 9
L I M M E N H O R N G
0 3 2 4 5 3 0
L I M P E I D I
0 3 2 4 2 7 2
L I M Z H A O Y I N
0 3 2 9 3 5 6
M A S H R U K A S A D
0 3 2 2 1 8 8

T A B L E S O F C O N T E N T S
01
05
13
23
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Introduction to BDP | 02
Fast fact of DBP | 03
History of DBP | 03
The architect | 04
S I T E C O N T E X T A N A L Y S I S
Building accessibility | 06
Relationship of DBP to surroundings | 10
Response to climate | 12
A R C H I T E C T U R A L L A Y O U T O F B U I L D I N G
Plan to section-elevation analysis | 14
Circulation to use-space | 15
Organization analysis | 20
A R C H I T E C T U R A L S T Y L E O F B U I L D I N G
Architecture style | 24
Characteristics | 25
Local influences | 36
By, LIM PEIDI 0324272
By, LIM MEN HORNG 0324530
By, LIM ZHAO YIN 0329356
By, LIM PEIDI 0324272

40
52
76
77
A R C H I T E C T U R A L E L E M E N T S / C O M P O N E N T S
A N A L Y S I S
Elements and Components | 53
C O N C L U S I O N
R E F E R E N C E S
B U I L D I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N & M A T E R I A L S
A N A L Y S I S
Materials and construction | 41
Comparison | 48
By, LEE SHI YIN 0324679
By, MASHRUK ASAD 0322188

INTRODUCTION
01
I N T R O D U C
T I O N

INTRODUCTION
02
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka is a Malaysia’s government building
which accommodates the government body which is also named
“Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka” (DBP). The main purpose of this
government body is to coordinate the use of language and
literature in Malay.
Balai Pustaka is established on 22nd June 1956. It is located in
Johor Bahru. It was renamed “Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka”
after the 3rd Malay Literary and Language Congress. (“GDP”,
2016). In 1957, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka was moved to Kuala
Lumpur and was granted a cahrter with its own Board of
Governors.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka moved to its own building at Jalan
Dewan Bahasa which is formerly known as Jalan Lapangan
Terbang Lama (“GDP”, 2016). New offices open in Kota
Kinabalu and Kuching in 1977. 3 more offices established later
in 3 areas which are Bukit Mertajam and Kota Bahru in 1999
and Johor Bahru in 2003. Besides, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
also has a lot of talented novelists that contributed in Malay
literature such as Siti Habsah and Syed Satahkatullah.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
by, LIM PEIDI

INTRODUCTION
03
Building Name: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Year Constructed: 1962 & 2002
Location: Jalan Dewan Bahasa, Kuala Lumpur
Function: Office, Administration Office &
Assembly Hall
F A S T F A C T H I S T O R Y
At a cost of RM1.2 million, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
was built on one-acre land at Jalan Dewan Bahasa
which was formerly known as Jalan Lapangan Terbang
Lama. The building is designed by Mr. Lee Yoon Tim.
The construction of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka started
on 4th of May. Mural art designed by En Ismail bin
Mustam was adapted. The mural is made of 10mm x
10mm mosaic tiles.
19601961
The building is completed. On 31st January, it is
officiated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
1962
Construction of Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
started.
1997
( “ G D P ” , 2 0 1 6 )
Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka was completed
and fully furnished. It serves as an office tower.
2003 Under the National Heritage Act 2005, Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka is declared as a heritage site.
2008
Renovation of existing building to restore and
conserve the historical features old Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka
2014
picture 1.2.1 Photo of DBP by Lim Peidi
jalan
maharajalela
jalandewanbahasa
jalanwismaputra
DBP
rumah
pustanita
wisma
mirama
jalan bukit petaling
jalan hose
diagram 1.2.1 Map of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

INTRODUCTION
04
T H E A R C H I T E C TDato’ Lee Yoon Thim (1905-1977) was a local Chinese Architect. He had
his training is overseas and came back to Malaysia to have is
apprenticeship to get qualified as an architect. (Jun,2014)
He was active in the 1950s and 1960s in Kuala Lmpur. He was one of the
important architects who bring modernism into Malaysia after Malaysia’s
independence. He is one of the architect to shape the young country’s
global image. There are several landmarks in Kuala Lumpur such as
Federal Hotel and Chon Woo Stadium were designed by him.
He was also a politician. He held some positions in National Government
and he’s an active member in MCA.
S I G N I F I C A N T B U I L D I N G S B Y D A T O ’ L E E Y O O N T H I M :
Federal Hotel
Picture 1.4.2 Federal Hotel retrieved from Kuala Lumpur GuidePicture 1.4.1 Lee Yoon Thim retrieved from Slideshare
Chin Woo Stadium
Picture 1.4.3 Chin Woo Stadium retrieved from Wikimedia
Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka

SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
05
S I T E
C O N T E X T
A N A L Y S I S

06
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka is located at Jalan Dewan Bahasa, Bukit
Petaling, 50460 Kuala Lumpur, and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
which is in the heart of Kuala Lumpur.
by, LIM MEN HORNG
B U I L D I N G
A C C E S S I B I L I T Y
picture 2.1.2 Location of DBP from Google Earthpicture 2.1.1 Location of DBP from Google Map

07
The old building is one of
the landmark of that area
because of its beautiful
artwork on the wall.
The building is divided
into 2 part which is the
Dewan Bahasa Dan
Pustaka (old building)
that is facing north and
the Menara Dewan
Bahasa Dan Pustaka that
is facing south west.
picture 2.1.3 Artwork at DBP by Lim Men Horng diagram 2.1.4 Orientation of DBP
N

08
To access to Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka with
public transport such as taxi, monorail and LRT is a
convenient choice.
picture 2.1.5 Routes from LRT station to DBP by foot from Google Earth
A C C E S S T O
T H E S I T E
/ L R T
It only takes 11 minutes walk from Hang Tuah LRT
station to the location. The walking distance is
800m.
picture 2.1.6 Routes from MRT station to DBP by foot from Google Earth
It is a 600m to 650m walk which takes about 7-8
minutes walk from Maharajalela monorail station to
the location.
/ M R T

picture 2.1.9 Vegetation around DBP by Lim Men Horng
/ D R I V E R S
For those who drive there, there is an
underground carpark who serve the
workers and visitors. The visitors parking
fee is RM3 per entry.
picture 2.1.8 Lift in DBP by Lim Men Horng
There is a ramp for the disable and lift to
access to each and every floor. Staircase
is also accessible to the whole building.
/ A C C E S S I B I L I T Y
09
Trees and scrub were planted
around the area.
/ V E G E T A T I O N
picture 2.1.7 Entrance of car park by Lim Men Horng

10
The building around Dewan Bahasa Dan
Pustaka are mostly government
commissions and other office building.
The buildings located north side of
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka are Mahathir
Mahzan & Company, Merdeka View
Apartment and Jabatan Bomba Dan
Penyelamat.
Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign
Relations is in front of the entrance of
Menara Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
Rumah Puspanita is an office building for
Persatuan Suri Dan Anggota Wanita
Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia is located
on the south-west side of Dewan Bahasa
Dan Pustaka.
Besides Rumah Puspanita, there are also
a private owned company and a head
quarter of ambulance services for Red
Crescent Society on the south-west side
of the site.
Menara Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka is
the tallest building around the area.
Followed by Wisma Mirama Ossoto and
then Merdeka View Apartment.
R E L A T I O N S H I P
O F B U I L D I N G T O
S U R R O U N D I N G S
picture 2.2.1 DBP surroundings building from Google Map
E X I S T I N G S T R U C T U R E

11
The entrance
of the old
building has
more sound
pollution due
to the traffic
from the
main road
picture 2.2.3 DBP surroundings from Google Street View
SURROUNDING
The is facing
a small road
surrounded
by trees
which make
it cooler and
more quiet
environment
picture 2.2.2 DBP surroundings from Google Street View

12
The site embraces a similar climate condition as Kuala Lumpur since it is
located among the district.
Kuala Lumpur experience 2 monsoon period from March to April and from
October to November. It will be dry and hot the rest of the time.
The area around the building is surrounded by trees which provides a
cooling ambiance towards the building. The interior of the building is fully
air-conditioned to overcome the climate of Kuala Lumpur which is hot most
of the time. In spite of having stripped windows running down the building,
the windows are tinted to limit the heat penetrates inside the building.
However the material used to neutralize with tropical warmth that
incorporates the structures is marble flooring and travertine slabs
R E S P O N S E T O
C L I M A T E
picture 2.3.1 picture of DBP from wikimedia

ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT ANALYSIS
13
A R C H I T E C
T U R A L
L A Y O U T
A N A L Y S I S

14
/ P L A N
/ E L E V A T I O N
PLANTO
ELEVATION
ANALYSIS
diagram 3.1.2 Menara DPP first floor plan,
not to scale.
diagram 3.1.3 Front elevation of old building, not to scale diagram 3.1.4 Menara DPB North West elevation, not to scale
Dewan Pustaka dan Bahasa
consists of two buildings, one of
which is the old building
(currently under renovation as of
2017) and the other is the new
office tower.
by, LIM ZHAO YIN

15
I R C U L A T I O N
T O U S E - S P A C
Circulation refers to the user-space interaction relating to the movement of
users through or around a building in architectural terms. The path taken by
users can be perceived as a thread that links the spaces within a building, or
any series of interior and exterior spaces, together.
Circulation elements consist of the element of approach, the entrance, the
configuration of the path, the path-space relationship, and the form of the
circulation space. The circulation system affects users’ perception towards
the form and spaces of a building.
C
E

16
/ E N T R A N C E
An entrance is a circulation element that connects
distinguishing spaces separated by a vertical plane.
It provides users with the act of entering, be it a
building, or a room within a building. In everyday
situations, walls are used to define and enclose a
space, or a series of spaces. An entrance is
accommodated by an opening in the vertical plane of
the wall, where the form of the opening may vary
from just a hole in the wall, to a distinctive gateway.
(Ching, 2014, p.262)
Entrances can be classified into three categories:
flush, projected and recessed, whereby in this case,
the three entrances to Menara Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka are projected. The three entrances consist of
the main, one from the auditorium and another at the
bookstore. (Ching, 2014, p.263) picture 3.2.1 Front view of main entrance of Menara DPB
by Lim Zhao Yin
picture 3.2.2 Side view of main entrance of Menara DPB
by Lim Zhao Yin

17
picture 3.2.3 Entrance from auditorium by Lim Zhao Yin picture 3.2.4 Entrance from book store by Lim Zhao Yin
The projected entrances form transitional spaces,
announce their function to the approach, and provide
overhead shelters.

18
diagram 3.2.5 Grid configuration in first floor plan of Menara DPB
The configuration of path refers to
the linking sequence of spaces that
users are taken through to reach a
specific destination from a chosen
starting point.
The nature of the configuration of a
path influences or is influenced by
the organizational pattern of the
space that it is linked to. The
configuration of path can be
separated into six types: linear,
radial, spiral, grid, network, and
composite. (Ching, 2014, p.277)
From the first floor plan of Menara
Dewan Pustaka dan Bahasa, a grid
configuration can be seen. A grid
configuration consists of two sets of
parallel paths that intersect at
regular intervals and create square
and rectangular space. (Ching,
2014, p.277)
/
C O N F I G U R A T I O N
O F P A T H

19
diagram 3.2.6 Path-space relationship in first floor plan of Menara DPB
Paths may be related to the spaces
they link to in the three ways: by
passing by the spaces, by passing
through the spaces, and by
terminated in a space. (Ching, 2014,
p.290)
In this case, the path is passing
through spaces. It passes through
a space axially, obliquely, or along
its edge, whilst creating a pattern
of rest and movement within it.
(Ching, 2014, p.290)
/
P A T H - S P A C E
R E L A T I O N S H I P S

20
diagram 3.2.7 Form of circulation space in first floor plan of Menara DPB
The spaces for movement form a
fundamental part of any building
organization and occupy a significant
amount of volume in a building. The
form of circulation of space varies
according to how its boundaries are
defined; how its form relates to the
form of the space it links; how its
qualities of scale, proportion, light
and view are articulated; how
entrances are opened to it; and how
it handles changes in level with stairs
and or ramps. (Ching, 2014, p.294)
A circulation space may be enclosed
or opened to one side, or to two.
The circulation spaces in Menara
Dewan Pustaka dan Bahasa are
opened to both sides. This forms a
colonnaded passageway that
becomes a physical extension of the
space it passes through and merging
it. (Ching, 2014, p.294)
/ F O R M O F
C I R C U L A T I O N
S P A C E

21
diagram 3.3.2 Diagrammatic analysis of
symmetry and balance of office tower
An axis of symmetry can be drawn
and a symmetrical balance can be
seen. A bilateral symmetry and
balance can be found in the external
views of the architecture of Menara
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
/
S Y M M E T R Y A N D
B A L A N C E
O R G A N I Z A T I O N
A N A L Y S I S
picture 3.3.1 Distance view of the office
tower from Wikimedia Commons

22
The architecture of Menara Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka consists of
varying geometrical shapes. A
triangular form that somewhat
represents an opened book can be
seen from the external view of the
top roof, and the body of the tower
which is made up cuboid forms of
varying sizes.
/
G E O M E T R Y
picture 3.3.5 Perspective view of building
from ground by Lim Zhao Yin
diagram 3.3.4 Diagrammatic analysis on
geometry of building
picture 3.3.4 Close-up view on the top floors
of the building by Lim Zhao Yin

23
The astonishing difference in
size and articulation of Menara
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
shows its degree of importance
to the building in a whole. These
differences play a formal,
functional, and symbolic role in
the organization. (Ching, 2014,
p.370)
The administrative and office
tower are emphasized in the
organization, which explains the
difference is height and in form
and design, when compared to
the other blocks of the building.
/
H I E R A R C H Y
picture 3.3.6 Perspective view to relative
height of the office tower by Lim Zhao Yin
diagram 3.3.7
Diagrammatic analysis of
hierarchy of building

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS
24
A R C H I T E C
T U R A L
A N A L Y S I S
S T Y L E

25
S T Y L E O F
A R C H I T E C T U R E
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka is built right after the independence of Malaysia in 1957. The style of Architecture used for this
building is modernism. Modernism started in the late 19th and ended at the early 20th century. Modernism architecture is
architecture that reconcile the design elements and principles in the building design with the growth of technology and
modernization of society.
Modernism architecture emphasis on “Form follows function”
by, LIM PEIDI

26
CHARACTERISTICS
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is a building
for the body which is also named
“Dewan) Bahasa dan Pustaka” to
coordinate the use of Malay language
and literature in Malaysia. Each spaces
designed in this building serves a
purpose.
F O R M
F O L L O W S
F U N C T I O N
/ A R E A S I N D B P
Each area serves a purpose
/ R E C T A N G U L A R F O R M
To maximize the usable volume in the
building diagram 4.2.1 Analysis diagram of DBP section by Lim Peidi
diagram 4.2.2, 4.2.3
Side Elevations of DBP
by Lim Peidi
(Singh,2014)

27
picture 4.2.4 Perspective view
of DBP by Lim Peidi
S I M P L I C I T Y
( Singh,2014)

28
diagram 4.2.5 Analysis Diagram of Simplicity by Lim Peidi
/ N O
D E C O R A T I V E
M O L D I N G S O R
O T H E R
U N N E C E S S A R Y
E L E M E N T S
only regular repetitive
shapes
/ S I M P L E &
N E A T
the regular shapes created
by lines gives clean &
aesthetic feeling to the
users.

29
of DBP by Lim Peidi
E M P H A S I S
O N
R E C T A N G U L A R
F O R M S A N D
S T R A I G H T
L I N E S
(“a2modern”, 2011)

30
diagram 4.2.7 Analysis Diagram of form
/ R E C T A N G U L A R
F O R M
Made by 2 rectangular forms.
Simple, clean look for the
users.
/ S T R A I G H T
L I N E S
HORIZONTAL LINE
Straight lines such as horizontal lines, vertical lines and
diagonal lines are used to create patterns and it creates
a visual emphasis to the users.
VERTICALLINE
DIA
GO
NA
L
LINE
Patterns created by lines.
diagram 4.2.8 Analysis Diagram of Lines

31
of DBP by Lim Peidi
L O W ,
H O R I Z O N T A L
M A S S I N G
(“a2modern”, 2011)

32
diagram 4.2.10 Analysis Diagram of low massing
/ L O W M A S S I N G
There’s maximum 6 floors
height for Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka.
6
/ F L A T R O O F
Flat roof to emphasize on
horizontal plane and create
shades to the bottom.
diagram 4.2.11 Analysis Diagram of flat roof
diagram 4.2.11 Analysis Diagram of flat roof

33
picture 4.2.12 Views of Brick wall by Lim Peidi
H O N E S T Y O F
M A T E R I A L S
(“a2modern”, 2011)
/ B R I C K S
Using bricks as traditional
material. The texture &
character of the material is
remained instead of turning it
into something else.

34
picture 4.2.13 Outdoor View of DBP by Lim Peidi
/ S T O N E
Natural appearance
remained.
/ C O N C R E T E
To create a modern aesthetic
for the building

35
picture 4.2.14 Hall
of DBP by Lim Peidi
O P E N , F L O W I N G
I N T E R I O R S P A C E S &
N A T U R A L L I G H T S
(“a2modern”, 2011)

36
diagram 4.2.10 Analysis Diagram of low massing
/ C O N T I G U O U S
I N T E R I O R
S P A C E
To create a more casual and
relax feeling by bringing the
lights in and allow users to
view the scenery outside the
building.
/ N A T U R A L
L I G H T S
Allow lights to emit
through the glass
windows into the
building
diagram
4.2.15 Analysis
Diagram of
Open, Flowing
Interior Space &
Natural Lights
by Lim Peidi
Allow partial lights
into the building to
create shades. picture 4.2.16 View of shades by Lim Peidi

37
picture 3.4.1 Sample of Malay Traditional
House with vernacular roof from Wikipedia
As Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is a
building served for Malay literature,
the building has some influences from
the Malay houses. Besides, Malaysia is
also a Malay country with a lot of
Malay traditional houses which has also
influence the design of Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka.
L O C A L
I N F L U E N C E
R O O F

38
picture 3.4.2 DBP roof by Lim Peidi
/ V E R N A C U L A R
R O O F
Provide shades and
protection from heat
and rain.
/ V E N T I L A T I O N
T H R O U G H R O O F
J O I N T S
Provide air ventilation in the building
Malaysia has hot and humid
climate, this roof helps to
reduce the heat in the
building and provide shades
to the surrounding.
Shades created
by the roof
Air ventilation
Heat
Rain
LEGEND diagram 3.4.3 Analysis Diagram of DBP roof

39
picture 3.4.4 Sample traditional Malay house with Malay ornament from Wikipedia
D E C O R A T I O N
picture 3.4.5 DBP Malay Ornament by Lim Peidi.
/ M A L A Y
O R N A M E N T
Show it serves as a purpose in Malay
literature
Malay Ornaments in traditional Malay house in symmetrical
form
/ S Y M M E T R I C A L
Gives a clean and neat feel
diagram 4.3.6 Analysis Diagram of Decoration at DBP

40
picture 3.4.8 Stairs
at DBP by Lim Peidi
S T A I R S
picture 3.4.7 Sample of
Malay Traditional House
showing stairs from Slieshare
Enable people to
reach the
elevated interior
P R O V I D E A D D I T I O N A L
A I R V E N T I L A T I O N
As Malaysia
always have
heavy rain, the
elevated stairs is
to avoid the
interior.
diagram 4.3.6 Analysis Diagram of stairs at DBP
/ S T A I R S
/ A V O I D
F L O O D
Stairs in Malay
traditional house
which is enable
house to be
elevated

CONSTRUCTION & MATERIAL ANALYSIS
41
M A T E R I A L
A N A L Y S I S
&C O N S T R U C T I N

42
M A T E R I A L S &
C O N S T R U C T I O N
Menara DBP consists of two main buildings which are
the Old DBP Office and the Office Tower of DBP.
Some of the features of the Old DBP Office are
concrete high hall with a steel ceiling and height of 19
feet. The building contains beautiful 25 feet mosaic
wall on the upper front as well as vertically-
segmented façade which are embedded on metal
windows.
However, the Tower DBP is differently constructed
with lightweight concrete walls and rectangular sized
windows that includes frame made of aluminum.
The construction and materials will be discussed below
in details.
by, Mashruk Asad

43
/ M O S A I C T I L E S
One of the most attractive features of Menara DBP
is the mosaic tiles wall that is 65 by 25 feet. It is
currently mounted on the auditorium wall of the old
building.
Influenced by Picasso, the architect of this
building, Ismail Mustam designed the auditorium
wall with mural finished with glazed mosaic. This
piece of work is durable, long lasting, colorful and
eyecatching.
picture 5.1.1 Mural Art using Mosaic tiles by Lim Zhao Yin

44
/ R E I N F O R C E D
C O N C R E T E
diagram 5.1.2 Reinforced Concrete from Technology Student
Reinforced concrete is a type of material where the
steel in embedded in such way that both steel and
concrete works as a strong resisting force. The
reinforcing steel that includes bars and rods
protects the building by absorbing the tensile and
strong compressions of the structure. Usually plain
concrete does not demonstrate the durability like
reinforced concrete and hence is wind proof,
earthquake proof and preventable from other
strong pressures.
This material became more common during the 19th
when the construction industry became popular.
Therefore it can be observed that Menara DBP kept
in mind the protection and strength of the building
using strong materials like reinforced concrete
while constructing.

45
/ M E T A L A N D
M O D U L A R G L A Z E D
P A N E L
This building also made the use of metal frames that
supported the glazed panels of the old Menara
DBP’s rectangular sized windows.
The benefits of metal and glazed panel windows
are that it allows light to pass through easily and at
the same insulates from blazing sun and keeps the
building cool.
picture 5.1.3 Window panels at DBP by Lim Zhao Yin

46
/ S T E E L
diagram 5.1.4 Perspective view of DBP by Lim Zhao Yin
Another strong material that is used for the
construction of this building is steel. One of the
advantage of using steel as a construction material
is its’ flexibility. Steel can be shaped and designed
in any way and hence it is clearly portrayed in
Menara DBP.
Another advantage is its cost effective, meaning it
is lightweight compared to timber and easier to
transport that reduces the transportation cost.
Besides, steel is famous for its’ ductility and
durability since it is rust proof and is unaffected my
bugs, mold, fungi. Steel can also be hurricane,
tornado and snow proof. However, the most
important reason steel was used in this building
because of its’ flexibility and less maintenance cost.
This demonstrates the durability and flexibility of
steel and the use of it in this structure.
diagram 5.1.5 Steel Structure from Prekons

47
D B P T O W E R
Now, the construction materials of DBP will
be discussed below which are lightweight
concrete and aluminum.
This building was built during the BOT
project in 1999 until 2017. When the
construction started the building financed,
designed, constructed and operated by a
concession contract. This type of contract
helped the project to recover the investment
and other costs such as the maintenance
cost.
picture 5.1.6 Perspective View of DBP Tower by Lim Zhao Yin picture 5.1.7 Perspective View of DBP Tower by Lim Zhao Yin

48
/ L I G H T W E I G H T
C O N C R E T E
picture 5.1.8 Concrete from Civile blog
Lightweight concrete is usually
characterized by foamy concrete or
autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). This
type of concrete us usually used in house
construction, however in this case it was
used the new building of DBP Tower. The
advantages of lightweight structural
concrete is that it reduces in savings and
transporting the material, increases thermal
protection and improved fire resistance
/ A L U M I N U M
The use of aluminum in construction began in
the 1920s when metal became too expensive
and was not being produced in mass
production. The electrolysis process helped
reduce the expense of aluminum by 80%.
One of the most first buildings that used
aluminum in early 1931 was the famous New
York skyscraper, Empire State Building.
Aluminum has changed the modern cities
because of its’ attractive design and ability
to construct skyscrapers. It is environmental
friendly and compatible with present day
architecture. Because of its’ modern
influence DBP Tower constructed its’
building using aluminum. More specifically
hollow bars were used for the frame of long
glass windows that allows light to penetrate
easily and insulates heat.
The advantages of aluminum is it its’ light
weight of 2.7g/cm3 which is one third
weight of steel. It is also corrosion
resistance as it has a protective oxide
coating. It is also famous for its electrical
and thermal conductivity.
picture 5.1.9 Perspective View of DBP by Lim Zhao Yin

49
C O M P A R I S O N
Comparison between Old DBP Office and UNAM
Central Library.
Both buildings have mosaic
murals that demonstrate life,
color and common language.
It demonstrates the diversity
and rich culture of Malaysia.
Murals and mosaic also
demonstrates the history of
Mexico. It is covered in 4
walls that explain the past
and provides a patriotic
movement across the place.picture 5.2.2 DBP by Lim Zhao Yin
picture 5.2.1 UNAM Central Library from ADIP

50
Jalan Dewan Bahasa,
Bukit Petaling, 50460
Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah
Persekutuan Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
L O C A T I O N
OLDDBPOFFICEUNAMCENTRALLIBRARY
Circuito Interior S/N,
Ciudad Universitaria,
04510 Coyoacán, CDMX,
Mexico
D E S C R I P T I O N C O N S T R U C T I O N
M A T E R I A L S
10 stories central
library in Mexico
which is covered by
400 meter squared
mosaic stoned murals
Architect: Gustavo
Saavedra and Juan
Martine de Velasco
5 storied government
building that has mosaic
painted auditorium
which stand 25 feet in
height.
Architect was Lee Yoon
Thim
Reinforced concrete
Steel
Mosaic Murals
Reinforced Concrete
Steel & Metal framing
Aluminum
Mural mosaic
D I F F E R E N C E S
The roof shape: curves
The spanned
bowstring steel truss
that creates 63 feet
wide auditorium
The roof is flat
shaped

51
C O M P A R I S O N
Comparison between New DBP
Tower and The
Element residential condominiums,
Texas.
Both building have full glass
panels for windows.
picture 5.2.2 DBP by Lim Zhao Yin
picture 5.2.1 the element
Texas from Yelp
L O C A T I O N
Jalan Dewan Bahasa,
Bukit Petaling, 50460
Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah
Persekutuan Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
It is located in Dallas,
Texas
THEELEMENT,TEXASNEWDBPTOWER

52
D E S C R I P T I O N C O N S T R U C T I O N
M A T E R I A L S
This building is 15 story
153-unit residential
condominiums.
It was designed by
Mercantile Place on
Main.
It was completed in
1009
This building is also a
government institution
that is 37 stories high.
It was built by GDP
Architect and built from
1996 to 2002.
It is built with reinforced
concrete, steel and
glazed glass panels.
It is made with
lightweight concrete and
aluminum glass panels
D I F F E R E N C E S
It has a triangular plan
which comprises of
podium, auditorium and
37 storey government
office.
This building is tall and
rectangular shaped with
modern architectural
elements.

ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
53
A R C H I T E C T U R E
E L E M E N T S
A N A L Y S I S
C O

54
M P O N E N T

55
E L E M E N T S
A N D
C O M P O N E N T S
Column is one of the essential
elements of architecture, to
support a roof or a beam.
In this building, the columns that
are mainly used are in Circular
shapes. They are used as
decoration pieces at the entrance
and also act as support for the
building at other areas of the
building.
picture 6.1.1 Circular columns of DBP by Lee Shi Yin
by, LEE SHI YIN
COLUMNS
picture 6.1.2
Big cylindrical
columns at the
entrance
of DBP by Lee
Shi Yin

56
The building has different roof lines at
different areas to show the complexity
of the design and the unique
silhouette of the structure.
ROOF
picture 6.1.3 butterfly roof of DBP by Lee Shi Yin

57
There are two floors underneath the
butterfly roof. According to the workers in
DBP, the floors are empty and unused, it
simply acts as support and to heighten the
butterfly roof.
OPEN BOOK
The butterfly roof resembles an open book.
EMPTY FLOORS
PROTRUDES UPWARDS
diagram 6.1.4 Analysis Diagram of DBP roof
/ BUTTERFLY ROOF
A butterfly roof is a V-shaped roof constructed of two
tandem pieces which are angled up towards the edges.
(roofcostestimator,2017)
It is to resemble the lines, angles and wingspan of a
butterfly. (Downer, n.p), but in this building, the butterly
roof is inspired from the shape of an open book. It gives
the building a unique silhouette which is easy to recognise.

58
picture 6.1.5 DBP roof by Lim Peidi
N O O P E N I N G I N
B E T W E E N
There is no opening in
between each stacked gable
roof. The roofs act as
shading, and to resemble
Malaysia vernacular roof.
There is no air ventilation
through the roof.
Gable roofs are the most
commonly used roof. It has two
sloping sides and gables at the
end. (roofcostestimator,2017)
The usage of gable roofs can
be seen at the Auditorium of
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. It
was constructed with three
gable roofs overlapping each
other to achieve its own unique
look.
WIND FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
diagram 6.1.6 Analysis Diagram of DBP roof
D E C O R A T I V E M O T I V E S
Floral motives cravings on the façade
of the roof.
/ G A B L E R O O F

59
/ R O O F
C O M P A R I S O N
The similar roofing can be seen from another
modern building in Malaysia, which is Menara
Maybank.
Menara Maybank has a slanted roof which
slants downwards towards the edges, different
from the butterfly roof of Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka which is angled upwards towards the
edges.
diagram 6.1.8 slanted roof of Maybank tower.
picture 6.1.7 Menara
Maybank from
megaconstrucciones.net
diagram 6.1.9 butterfly roof of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

60
The entrance of Maybank Tower has similar
roofing style with the auditorium of Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka. It also has stacked gable
roofs to resemble the roof of typical Malay
house.
The stacked gable roofs of Maybank tower
have big opening in between each roof to allow
good air ventilation, whereas the gable roofs
of Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka has no opening.
diagram 6.1.10 Diagrammatic analysis of the roofing for Menara Maybank. picture 6.1.12 Entrance of Menara Maybank from diary.frozenlite.
Good air
ventilation, air gets
to flow into the
building through
opening of roof.
No opening
between roof.
No air flow.
No
overhanging
roof.
Huge roof
overhang to
prevent rain
entering
through the
openings.
diagram 6.1.11 Diagrammatic analysis of the roofing for DBP.

61
picture 6.1.13 Bay
Windows by Lee Shi
Yin
W I N D O W S
Window is an opening in a
wall that allows light to
penetrate. It also creates
lines and patterns in a
building.

62
picture 6.1.16 Bay Windows by Lee Shi Yin
/ B A Y W I N D O W S
Bay window adds
architectural flare to the
building which it allows more
light in, and accentuating
outdoor visibility. It creates a
sense of spaciousness to the
lobby of the building.
Allow
natural
lighting
into the
building
Secured
with steel
frame
Glass
Maximise
visibility
diagram 6.1.14, 6.1.15 Diagrammatic analysis of bay windows by Lee Shi Yin

63
/ D O U B L E C A S E M E N T
W I N D O W S
picture 6.1.17 Double casement windows arrangement by Lee Shi Yin diagram 6.1.19 Diagrammatic arrangement of double casement window
Double casement windows allow
maximum air ventilation while it
is opened outward to allow
fresh air inside. The casement
windows were built vertically-
segmented which creates a
strong linear pattern in this
building.
Air flow
from
outside.
diagram 6.1.18 Diagrammatic double casement window opening outwards
picture 6.1.20 Zoomed in double casement window by Lee Shi Yin

64
picture 6.1.17 Bay Windows by Lee Shi Yin
/ G L A S S C U R T A I N
W A L L
The glass curtain wall forms a
facade for Menara Bahasa
and Pustaka. It was built
using double glass panel, and
creates horizontal and
vertical features from this
facade. It brings in natural
lighting, and provide a great
view of the Kuala Lumpur
city.
picture 6.1.22 Glass curtain wall by Lee Shi Yin
Horizontal and
vertical lines
created from
glass panels.
picture 6.1.21 Diagrammatic facade of DBP by Lee Shi Yin

65
picture 6.1.23 Natural Light in the building by Lee Shi Yin
Light is an important architectural
element. The usage of huge windows in
this buildings allows natural light to
shine in. It also uses electrical light as
another source of lighting.
L I G T H I N G
N A T U R A L L I G H T
Broad usage of windows and glass
curtain wall in DBP brings natural
lighting into the building and minimize
the use of electric light.

66
picture 6.1.24 Pendant light in DBP by Lee Shi Yin
Pendant light is a lone light fixture that
hangs from the ceiling, suspended by a
metal rod. It is a single statement piece
that draws viewer attention to the centre.
A simple semi sphere pendant light can be
found at the entrance of DBP Tower.
E L E C T R I C L I G H T
/ C E I L I N G P E N D A N T
Recessed lighting is one of the most versatile sources of light in
this building. It is mounted and can be installed into a hollow
opening in a ceiling.
Round and small recessed lighting is mostly used in the building,
while the old book store uses long and wide recessed light. Both
types of recessed lights use flourescent tube bulb.
/ R E C E S S E D L I G H T I N G
picture 6.1.27 Long recessed light in DBP uses fluorescent tube
by Lee Shi Yin
picture 6.1.28 round recessed light in DBP by Lee
Shi Yin
diagram 6.1.25, 6.1.26 diagrammatic recessed light by Lee Shi Yin

67
picture 6.1.29 Mural Art using Mosaic tiles by Lee Shi Yin
O R N A M E N T A T I O N
/ M O S A I C T I L E S
M U R A L
The building was declared as a heritage site
in 2008. The mural was made of 10mm x
10mm mosaic tiles which were adapted from
a painting from Painter En. Ismail bin
Mustam in 1961. The mural is one of the
activity to renovate and conserve the
historical features and value of the building.

68
/ P L A S T E R
C R A V I N G S
Plaster carvings were
used on the exterior of
the building – the
façade of the gable
roofs, and also on top
of windows. The
carvings are inspired
from floral motives to
showcase the language
of Malay architecture.
picture 6.1.30 Plaster Cravings on roof by Lee Shi Yin
picture 6.1.31 Plaster
Cravings on top of
windows by Lee Shi Yin

69
/ F L O O R
T I L E S
Plaster carvings were
used on the exterior of
the building – the
façade of the gable
roofs, and also on top
of windows. The
carvings are inspired
from floral motives to
showcase the language
of Malay architecture.
picture 6.1.32 Patterns
created on the floor by
using different floor
tiles colour at DBP by
Lee Shi Yin
By using different colour of floor tiles, a palm tree
– like pattern was shown on the floor. It attracts
viewer attention as this will be the first thing they
see when they enter the lobby on the building.

70
/ W O O D
C A R V I N G
picture 6.1.31 Patterns
created on the floor by
using different floor
tiles colour at DBP by
Lee Shi Yin
Most of the wooden interior
elements like doors, or wooden
furniture in the building were
carved with floral motives.
Similar to the plaster carvings,
this enhances the Malay
architecture ambience.
picture
6.1.33 Wood
carving
ornamentation on
top of lift door in
DBP by Lee Shi
Yin
picture
6.1.34 Wood
carving
ornamentation
around door in
DBP by Lee Shi
Yin
picture
6.1.35 details of
wood carving by
Lee Shi Yin

71
/ T R I A N G U L A R
P A T T E R N
Triangular pattern can be shown from both sides
of the auditorium. It was inspired from
abstracted traditional sarong motive - Pucuk
Rebong embroidered on ceremonial kain songket.
The V-shaped diagonal struts from the triangles
symbolized "outspread umbrellas and national
dignity". (Vasu, 2014)
picture 6.1.36 Triangular patterns on DBP auditorium by Lim Zhao Yin
F E N E S T R A T I O N S

72
diagram 6.1.37 Diagrammatic triangular patterns of DBP auditorium.
Patterns abstracted from sarong motive.
picture 6.1.38 Pucok Rebung embroidery on sarung from Imgrum.

73
/ R E C T A N G U L A R
P A T T E R N S
Rectangular patterns can be seen from the
arrangement of windows, and also on the
plastering work on the walls of the auditorium.
picture 6.1.39 rectangular patterns on the wall by Lee Shi Yin.

74
F R O M T H E P L A S T E R I N G
W O R K O N T H E W A L L S
Different sizes of rectangular are formed from
the plastering work.
diagram 6.1.40 Diagrammatic analysis on the rectangular patterns..
The arrangement of
smaller and thinner
rectangles in between the
bigger rectangles
creates a sense of
lengthening
and lowering the building.
A sense of verticality is formed
from the arrangement of thin and
long vertically arranged
rectangles, which create a sense
of heightening the building.

75
F R O M T H E A R R A N G E M E N T
O F W I N D O W S
Different sizes of rectangular are formed from
the arrangement of windows, and the alternation
of materials.
diagram 6.1.41 Diagrammatic analysis on
the rectangular patterns.
a repetitive pattern is created by
alternating windows and walls.
Different sizes of rectangles are
formed.
metal
paneled
walls
glass
windows
diagram 6.1.42 DBP
tower from wikimedia.

CONCLUSION
76
C O N C L U
S I O N
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is one of the earliest Malaysia building to adopt
modernism which apply the characteristics “Forms follow function”. After having a
few visit to Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and by producing this report, we have an in
depth understanding of the Modernism architecture and its characteristics.
Besides, by producing this report, we did a lot of research that allow us to have
more understanding towards modernism architecture style and the factors that this
architecture style is adopted in Malaysia. We also know more about the architecture
elements and principles that are applied to Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka by having a
deep case study on it.
Through the effort of each group members, we are able to produce this report and
achieve the learning outcomes of this project such as have more understanding on
Malaysia’s architecture and what influenced the architecture style, able to analyze
the building and documented it into a report.

REFERENCES
77
R E F E R
E N C E S

REFERENCES
78
IM
A
G
E
• Ching,F. (2014). Architecture: form,
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Wiley
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O
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Pustaka/@3.134024,101.703486,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x6fb6f1
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sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiS4MGjrLLUAhWHOY8KHcpiBLAQ_BIIjAEwCw
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ilding.jpg
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[Photograph]. (n.d.).
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om.tr/uploads/photog
allery/lgsfb-07.jpg

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W E B S I T E

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