CHIN WOO STADIUM

CONTENTS
CONTENT STUDENT PAGE NO
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Fast Facts
1.2 Brief History
1.3 Architect’s Info
GROUP 1-4
2.0 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
2.1 Site Accessibility
2.2 Building Accessibility
2.3 Local Climate
2.4 Response to climate
2.5 Relationship of building to surroundings
WONG CHEE FON
0327220
5-14
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT ANALYSIS
3.1 Plan to section & elevation analysis
3.2 Circulation to use-space
3.3 Organization Analysis
VOON SAY LOON
0331708
15-21
4.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction to Art Deco style
4.2 Introduction to Art Moderne Style
4.3 Style & Characteristics of Chin Woo Stadium
4.4 Comparison of Art Deco buildings
VIVIEN NG
0326476
22-31
5.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE
AND MATERIALS ANALYSIS
5.1 Building Construction
5.2 Building Materials
5.3 Comparison with Western buildings
WESLEY WONG
0330496
32-45
6.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS &
COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
6.1 Facade
6.2 Roof
6.3 Windows
6.4 Doors
6.5 Staircase
HANEES SABRI
0331307
46-56
7.0 CONCLUSION GROUP 57
8.0 REFERENCE GROUP 58-60

1.0//INTRODUCTION
1.1 FAST FACTS
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY
1.3 ARCHITECT’S INFO

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Klang Valley is a rich source of architectural heritage dated from
pre-colonial,colonial and post-independence until present times.The
historical richness creates a very vibrant architectural fabric.The modern
architecture emerges rapidly from 1950’s to 1970’s as economic growth
spurs.This follows the international style that spreads across the world in
1930’s to 50’s.However,many historical modernistic buildings may face risk
of being demolished to make way for more contemporary
buildings.Thus,by recording,documenting and analysing the building,we
can contribute to preserve the historical evidence of the valuable modern
architecture in Klang Valley.
We have selected Chin Woo Stadium as our building for analysis and
studies which is located at Jalan Hang Jebat,Kuala Lumpur.Located at the
heart of Kuala Lumpur.It is a rather isolated building from the public as it is
located on a hillside.However the building has very unique design which is
somewhat different from any building that can be found in Malaysia with its
style having influence from the Art-Deco style.
1
Image 1.1.1 Stadium Negara (Top Left),Chin Woo Stadium (Bottom Left),Stadium Merdeka (Right)
(Image by www.skycrapper.com)

1.0 INTRODUCTION
2
NAME
Chin Woo Stadium
ASSOCIATION LOGO
BUILT YEAR
1953
LOCATION
Jalan Hang Jebat, City Centr, 50150, Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
ARCHITECT
Lee Yoon Thim, heavily involved in designing
Post-Independence architecture in Malaysia.
BUILDING FUNCTIONS
Chin Woo Stadium works as a sports stadium and
also multi-purpose hall for events. It also promotes
Chinese Martial Arts to public. It organises
literature, culture, traditional dance classes too.
Figure 1.1.1 Location map of Chin Woo Stadium (Diagram by Vivien Ng)
1.1 FAST FACTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY
1909
Grandmaster Huo Yan Jia（1869-1910） founded the Chin Woo School with
the objective of teaching Kung Fu to the masses of China. His intention was
to allow them to be able to defend themselves and protect the country.
1953
As the organization expanded and grew, the association gathered
enough funds to start construction of Chin Woo Stadium on top of
the hill at Jalan Hang Jebat. It was officially officiated by the Sultan of
Selangor, His Royal Highness Sultan Hishammudin Alam Shah on the
31st of August.
Photo 1.2.1 Grandmaster Huo Yan Jia
(Photo by : www.chinwoomen.com)
Photo 1.2.3 Chin Woo School in Singapore
(Photo by : mysingapore65.blogspot.my)
Photo 1.2.4 First Chin Woo built in Malaysia
(Photo by : www.facebook.com- SJK (C)
CHIN WOO)
Photo 1.2.2 Second Chin Woo branch
association in Shang Hai
(Photo by : www.google.com-上海精武)
Photo 1.2.5 Chin Woo Stadium
(Photo by : Voon Say Loon)
3
1910
After Master Huo Yan Jia passed away, his younger brother, Mr. Huo
Yuan Siang, and his son, Mr. Huo Tong Ker, continued to teach at the
Chin Woo Association. Later, many famous martial-arts masters were
invited to teach in Chin Woo. Even though they came from different
schools, they all followed Chin Woo regulations. Thus Chin Woo
became a famous and popular martial-arts association in Shanghai.
Chin Woo sponsored most of the martial-arts tournaments.
1920
Shanghai Chin Woo sent representatives to Southeast Asia. They
opened the first Chin Woo School in Vietnam and later in parts of
Malaysia and Singapore. To prove their skills, they were often
required to give demonstrations or accept challenges
1929
The first Chin Woo School in Malaysia was built, It was Located
along Jalan Seladang, Pudu.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.3 ARCHITECT’S BACKGROUND
Dato’ Y.T.Lee, also Lee Yoon Thim was a Malaysian Chinese architect who was active in the
1950s-1960s in Kuala Lumpur.He had his training in overseas and came back to Malaysia to have
his apprenticeship to get qualified as an architect.He was involved in “Build Merdeka” project
after Malaysian Independence in 1963.He was one of the important architects who brought
modernism into Malaysian architecture.He was one of the few architect to shape the young
country’s image in the international stage.He moved into elite circles,and held several positions in
the national government and in the Chinese community.He was an active member of the MCA
(Malaysian Chinese Association).He was a close friend to Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman
and many other political figures.The significant landmarks building that he had designed and
proposed are:
Chin Woo Stadium
(Photo from www.chinwoo.org.my)
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
(Photo from www.wikimedia.org)
UMNO Building
(Photo from http://qzin.com.my)
Federal Hotel
(Photo from https://en.wikipedia.org)
Dato’ Lim Yoon Thim
(Photo from www.chinwoo.org.my)
4

2.0 //ARCHITECTURAL
SITE CONTEXT
2.1 SITE ACCESSIBILITY
2.2 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
MAIN ENTRANCE
SECONDARY ENTRANCE AND EXITS
2.3 LOCAL CLIMATE
CLIMATE TYPE AND BUILDING
SUN PATH,SUN PEAK AND WIND DIRECTION
2.4 RESPONSE TO CLIMATE
LIGHT PENETRATION
CANTILEVERED AWNINGS FOR SHADING
AIR VENTILATION
2.5 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING
TO SURROUNDINGS
RELATIONSHIP TO STADIUM NEGARA AND
STADIUM NEGARA
NOISE POLLUTION
“Site analysis is a
preliminary phase of
architectural and
urban design
processes dedicated
to the study of the
climatic,geographical,
historical,legal,and
infrastructural
context of a specific
site”

2.0 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS WONG CHEE FON 0327220
Chin Woo Stadium is located in Bukit Bintang and it can only be accessed from Jalan Hang Jebat that
connects to Jalan Sultan.From Jalan Hang Jebat,here will be a junction in front of Malaysia Basketball
Associates building which leads to the uphill,where the building is located. There is only one entrance
and one exit into the building site using the same road.
2.1 SITE ACCESSIBILITY
Address: Jalan Hang Jebat, City Centre, 50150 Kuala Lumpur,Wilayah Persekutuan
Image 2.1.1 Site Plan of Chin Woo Stadium and Roads
(Image source from Google Maps)
Image 2.1.2 Stadium Negara located on the left
Image 2.1.3 The turn in road to Chin Woo Stadium
When turning in from Jalan Hang Jebat towards the end of the road before coming into the parking
lot, there will be a ticketing station which gives out ticket and later for parking fees. There is a huge
parking lot to accommodate many visitors for any events located in front of the building’s main
entrance.
Image 2.1.4 Ticketing station before access into parking lot
Image 2.1.5 Parking Lot with proper markings
(Image by Wong Chee Fon,taken on site)
6

2.2 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
MAIN ENTRANCE
The main entrance is located in front of the building facing the parking lot where it is wide and easy to
identify where the main entrance is located at as visitors eyes are directed towards it.The entrance has
retractable doors which is used during closing.
SECONDARY ENTRANCES AND EXITS
There are two entrances on the left side and one on the right side which is alternative for people to
access into and exit from the building.This also helps in improving the circulation in case of any
emergency or over crowded situation.
Image 2.2.1 Exterior view of main entrance
Figure 2.2.2 Interior view of the main entrance
Figure 2.2.1 Front Elevation of Chin Woo Stadium
(NTS)
Showing the main entrance
(Figure by Wong Chee Fon)
Image 2.2.3 View of side entrance from outside
Image 2.2.4 Indoor view of the side entrance
Figure 2.2.2 Floor Plan of Chin Woo Stadium (NTS)
Showing the main entrance and side entrances
7

2.3 LOCAL CLIMATE
Climate Type:Tropical Weather,hot and humid along
the year.Will have heavy rainfalls during the
monsoon season.
Average Temperature: 27’C (Kuala Lumpur)
Chin Woo Stadium is located on a hill slope which is slightly elevated higher from the ground,the
building is also stand alone and does not have any buildings right next to it but instead only after a
road away.There is also very minimal trees around the stadium for cooling effects.This means that
the building will have very less shading and higher exposure to heat due to its higher altitude from
ground level and no surrounding shadings elements.
SUN PATH,SUN PEAK INTENSITY AND WIND DIRECTION
Image 2.3.2 High exposure to climate and very
open
Image 2.3.1 There’s no trees around the
surroundings
11 AM2 PM
SUN PEAK INTENSITY
Figure 2.3.1 The diagram shows the wind direction and the sun intensity is higher in the afternoon than
morning
8

The use of glass on the roof allows light to penetrates in from the top to provide natural lighting to
the main space of the stadium which is the activity hall in the center of the building where light is
very necessary to carry out activities.This also saves usage of artificial lightings and electricity in the
day time.
LIGHT PENETRATION
The front exterior facade of window uses long vertical windows which takes advantage of the
minimal shading around the building for high natural light penetration into the front facade to light
up the interior.The casement windows which are tinted can be opened and shut in different angles
to control the amount of light penetration into the building and also for privacy purposes.
Figure 2.4.1 Light penetration on front facade
windows
Image 2.3.2 and 2.3.3
The natural lighting from the glass on the roof shines
into the activity hall
Figure 2.4.3 Section of Chin Woo Stadium showing
light penetration from the glass on the roof
Image 2.4.1 Long vertical windows on the front
facade
Figure 2.4.2 Axonometric drawing of Chin Woo Stadium
indicating the light penetrations on the front facade
windows and glass roof on top for lighting in the interior of
the building
9

CANTILEVERED AWNINGS FOR SHADING
Although the front facade made good use of the natural light penetration on the front facade windows
to light up the interior it can actually also cause the temperature inside to rise up.Therefore to present
high exposure of heat,cantilevered concrete awnings are used to limit the direct sunlight at different
period.
The prolonged cantilevered roof at the main entrance acts as a shield from rain especially convenient
for drop offs or pick up of visitors during rainy days.It also acts as a shading to the interior space whi
ch is the entrance zone.
Figure 2.4.4 Side Elevation of Chin Woo Stadium showing the cantilevered awnings
and how it helps in shading from direct natural lighting
Image 2.4.4 Cantilevered Awnings
Image 2.4.7 Drop off/pick up Zone
Image 2.4.6 Prolonged Cantilevered Roof
Image 2.4.5 Cantilevered Awnings
10

Air Ventilation
As Chin Woo Stadium is highly exposed to heat due to its altitude and less surrounding shades,a
good ventilation system is required in the building to reduce the heat which can cause discomfort
for the users in the building due to the trapped hot air which causes the interior atmosphere to be
very hot.
Image 2.4.8 Ventilation Portholes
Image 2.4.9 Ventilation Stilts
Figure 2.4.11 Casement Windows which can be
opened and close
Figure 2.4.5 Ventilation stilts and ventilation
portholes on the building
Ventilation portholes on building sides allows outside air to enter and circulate in the
interior.Ventilation slits on the building top allows interior hot air to circulate out from the building.
The cycle creates a cooling system in the building.Besides the portholes and stilts at the side of the
building,the use of casement type of windows also aids in better ventilation and circulation of air as
it can be opened for fresh air to come in and hot air to flow out.
Figure 2.4.10 Ventilation Stilts(Top Left) and
Ventilation Portholes
Figure 2.4.6 How air rises up while cold air
circulates in
12

2.5 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDINGS
Relationship to Stadium Negara and Stadium Merdeka
Chin Woo Stadium is located very near to Stadium Negara and Stadium Merdeka.These three
stadiums are major landmark of Kuala Lumpur and plays a vital role in the Post Merdeka
architecture style influence.They serve as a national identity after Malaysia achieved independence
and Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman declares Petaling Hill where the three stadium is located as
the acropolis of Kuala Lumpur,serving as a public space where the people can gather in
harmony.However Chin Woo Stadium is relatively overshadowed by the other two major stadiums
due to their enormous size and popularity.
Image 2.5.1 Stadium Negara (Top Left),Chin Woo Stadium
(Bottom Left),Stadium Merdeka (Right)
(Image by www.skycrapper.com)
Table 2.5.1 Similarities of the 3 stadiums
(Table by Wong Zhen Fai)
Table 2.5.2 Differences of the 3 stadiums
(Table by Wong Zhen Fai)
13

2.5 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDINGS
Noise Pollution
There are 6 schools nearby Chin Woo Stadium and during the start and end of
school,traffic is usually very congested at Jalan Hang Jebat as it is the main road
that is use to access to and from the schools.As traffic is congested,noise level
will increase and can be heard from Chin Woo Stadium.Besides having heavy
traffic noises,there is a construction project beside Chin Woo Stadium which is
the building of Menara KL 118.Construction noises can be heard throughout
the day and can be very noisy at times.
Image 2.5.3 Construction site beside
Chin Woo Stadium
(Image by Wong Chee Fon,taken on
site)
Image 2.5.2 Jalan Hang Jebat infront of
SJKC Jalan Davidson
Figure 2.5.1 Map showing the sound wave coming from schools and
construction site
Chin Woo Stadium
Schools
Construction Site
14

3.0// ARCHITECTURAL
LAYOUT
3.1 PLAN, ELEVATION AND
SECTION ANALYSIS
PLAN
ELEVATION
SECTION
3.2 CIRCULATION TO USE SPACE
SPACE
CIRCULATION
3.3 ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS
SYMMETRY AND BALANCE
GEOMETRY
HIERARCHY
‘Architect layout can
be defined as an
arrangement of forms,
shapes or spaces of a
building from the
building concept in
drawings and
diagrams.’

3.0 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT VOON SAY LOON 0331708
Chin Woo stadium was built in 1953, an example of Art Deco architecture with decorative
motives that fill with essential vertical elements. The layout of the stadium was simple as a
rounded rectangle in shape.
3.1 PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION ANALYSIS
PLAN
We can see that the architect used geometry shapes and curvy edges to construction window
openings detail and floor tiles. This gives every essence of Art Deco architecture into the building.
1.Entrance
2.Administration Office
3.Audience Seats
4.Badminton Court
5.Stage
6.Backstage/Storage
Figure 3.1.1 Floor plan drawing
of Chin Woo stadium
(image by Voon Say Loon)
Image 3.1.1 Badminton court and stage
(image by Voon Say Loon, taken from
site)
Image 3.1.2 Entrance to stadium, view
from stage
(image by Voon Say Loon, taken from site)
Image 3.1.3 Backstage
1 4
2
2 6
5
3
3
16

3.1 PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION ANALYSIS
ELEVATION AND SECTION
This stadium has a half-circular shaped facade as its main entrance of the building with a
symmetrical wing on each side forming a curved corner. The administration office occupies
this part of the building.
This building was three stories in total, where the second floor leads to the projection room and
upper-level entrance to the stadium. The third floor houses the storage room, multi-purpose
hall and meeting room.
Figure 3.1.2 Front elevation drawing of Chin Woo
stadium
Image 3.1.4 Front view of Chin Woo stadium
Figure 3.1.3 Longitude section drawing of Chin Woo stadium
Image 3.1.6 Meeting room
site)
Image 3.1.5 View from
projection room
(image by Voon Say
Loon, taken from site)
Image 3.1.7 Administration office
site)
17

Circulation space in the stadium depends on the function given from the public, the function can be
classified as :
SPACE
PUBLIC EVENT PRIVATE EVENT
Badminton Court, Martial Arts Training,
Exhibition Hall, Convention Hall, Concert or
Camp.
Wedding Hall, Meeting Hall or Private
Banquet.
However, there is still a limit in space given to the public for event, those space that isn’t given to
the public can only use by the committee members, such as the administration office, meeting room,
and the projection room which shown in image 3.1.5, 3.1.6 and 3.1.7
Image 3.2.1 Chinese orchestra
(image by www.chinwoo.org.my)
Image 3.2.3 Wedding Ceremony
(image by www.keehuachee.blogspot.my)
Image 3.2.2 Wushu training
(image by www.chinwoo.org.my)
Image 3.2.4 Legend fighting championship
(image by www.colourlessopinions.com)
Public use space
Private (Committee)
use space
Figure 3.2.1 Longitude section drawing of Chin Woo stadium with coloured space
Table 3.2.1 Public and Private Event
18

CIRCULATION
No matter what event it was, the users are eventually using the same entrance and exit.
Type of circulation space available in Chin Woo stadium:
• Enclosed: Enclosed corridors on each floors at both side of stadium, storage room,
office and backstage
• Open on one side: Stadium hall
• Open on both side: Entrance area
• Open space: Parking space and open balcony
The enclosed corridors on both sides of the stadium are linked to a specific room which only
allows committee members to use. Stadium hall provides visual and spatial continuity with
space it link. The entrance area that open both sides form a colonnaded pathway become a
physical extension of the space it pases through.
Image 3.2.5 Enclosed corridor on upper
floor
Image 3.2.6 Enclosed corridor beside
stadium
Image 3.2.7 Balcony
Primary circulation
Stadium hall, entrance area parking space
and balcony
Secondary circulation
Enclosed corridors, storage room office and
backstage
Figure 3.2.2 Exploded axonometric drawing of Chin Woo stadium
19

SYMMETRY AND BALANCE
GEOMETRY
As from the drawings Figure 3.3.1, 3.3.2, and
3.3.3 of the stadium, we can clearly see that this
building was built in symmetry although both
sides have a different function. Especially in the
plan drawing (figure 3.3.3) that can clearly see
two circles of same sizes, linked with a rectangle
which eventually forms a balance and
proportionate curved rectangle. Symmetry can
also be seen both horizontally and vertically on
both sides of the stadium.
From the plan drawing we
had already seen that this
stadium doesn’t have much
organic shape or design. This
building mostly used straight
and perfect arch line to
construct.
Figure 3.3.1 Front elevation drawing of Chin
Woo stadium (image by Voon Say Loon)
Figure 3.3.2 Longitude section drawing of Chin Woo
stadium (image by Voon Say Loon)
Figure 3.3.3 Floor plan drawing of Chin Woo stadium
with geometry shape
20

The roofs of the stadium is built in hierarchy
form, from big to small upwards, help to shape
the vision of façade and volume of interior of
stadium as well, to give a rhythmic movement
towards the top roof to shape the form of the
space
HIERARCHY
Figure 3.3.4 Axonometric drawing of Chin Woo
stadium (image by Voon Say Loon)
Image 3.1.5 Chin Woo stadium roof from bird
view
(image by www.google.com)
Image 3.1.5 Chin Woo stadium stadium ceiling
21

4.0 //ARCHITECTURE
STYLE
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ART DECO
STYLE
ORIGIN & NAMING
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS
4.2 INTRODUCTION TO ART
MODERNE STYLE
ORIGIN
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
4.3 STYLE AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF CHIN WOO STADIUM
SIMPLE AERODYNAMIC FORM
ASYMMETRICAL
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
FLAT AND STEP-BACK ROOF
HORIZONTAL BANDING AND LEDGE
NAUTICAL ELEMENTS
VERTICAL ELEMENTS
USE OF CAST IRON
LARGE USE OF GLASS
MOSAIC & CERAMIC TILE
SMOOTH WALL FINISHES
4.4 COMPARISON OF ART DECO
BUILDINGS
“ Architectural style is
features that make a
building or structure
notable or historically
identifiable. A style may
include elements like
form, method of
construction, building
materials and regional
character. Chin woo
stadium was built before
independence in 1953.
The architecture style
used on the building is the
mixture of art deco and
art moderne.“

4.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE VIVIEN NG SU-QI 0326476
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL ART DECO
Art Deco is not a single style but a collection of different/ contradictory
style. It is a style of visual arts, architecture and design. It first appeared in
France before World War I in the 1920’s. Its name was derived from The
Exposition Internationale des Art Decoratifs et Industriel Modernes in Paris
(1925) as a showcase of new inspiration. It represents luxury, glamorous and
faith in social and technological progress. Hence, it was influenced by bold
and geometric forms of cubism, bright colour of fauvism and of Ballet
Russes. Art Deco was also successor to Art Nouveau and gradually replaced
Beaux-Arts and neoclassical style thus, it signalled something of a return to
the symmetry and simplicity of Neoclassicism but without classical
regularity.
Image 4.1.1 Naming of Art
Deco. (Image retrieved
from Wikipedia)
ORIGIN & NAMING OF ART DECO STYLE
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF ART DECO STYLE
1. Vertical emphasis
2. Towers and other vertical projections above roof lines
3. Setbacks (step like recessions in a wall)
4. Smooth wall surfaces in stone, brick, or stucco
5. Geometric ornament: parallel straight lines, zig-zags, chevrons, lozenges (diamond shaped)
6. Stylized (abstracted) floral motifs
7. Intense colors in terra cotta, glass, colored glazed bricks, mosaic tiles
8. Windows strips or ribbons with decorated iron grille work
9. Metal double-hung or casement windows
10. Use of metal and glass
Image 4.1.2 Dare House in Chennai, India.
(image source : http://william-madras.blogspot.my)
Image 4.1.3 Bank of China, Shanhai, China. (image
source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_China_Build
ing by Ruazn2 )
23

When Art Deco style became more subdued in1930’s during Great Depression, Art Moderne a.k.a.
Streamline Moderne style started with simple, curvy and aerodynamic forms which emphasised more
on simple geometry and functions. It is the later version of Art Deco. They were both very similar but
the appearance is more simple and clean. In this new style, buildings were getting influences from
Bauhaus movement. Excess or unnecessary ornaments were striped down. Furthermore, sharp corners
were also replaced by rounded edges to create a streamlined form. The whole Art Deco and Art
Moderne process was from 1920’s-1940’s.
4.2 INTRODUCTION TO ART MODERNE (STREAMLINE MODERNE)
ORIGIN OF ART DECO STYLE
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF ART MODERNE STYLE
1. Horizontal emphasis and orientation
2. Asymmetrical facades
3. Streamlines facade
4. White is predominant color
5. Rounded edges
6. Ribbon band of windows with metal frames
7. Flat roofs
8. Smooth wall finish
9. Use of metals
10. Metal double-hung or casement windows
11. Occasional circular porthole, oculus, round windows on main or secondary elevations
12. References to the sea/the ocean: curves, horizontal vectors and lines, and light blue finishes like
aquamarine, azure, baby blue, cyan, teal, and turquoise
Image 4.2.1 Coca Cola Building, Los Angelas (Image
source :
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Cocacolab
uilding.jpg)
1
Image 4.2.2 The Normandie Hotel, San Juan (Image source :
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Normandie_h
otel.jpg

4.3 STYLE & CHARACTERISTICS OF CHIN WOO STADIUM
SIMPLE AERODYNAMIC FORM
ASYMMETRICAL
In Art Moderne buildings, the appearances are more or less similar but with less stylized
ornamentation when the Bauhaus’ functional efficiency at the time became popular. Less ornaments or
no unnecessary ornaments were applied. Hence, the form of Chin Woo was clean and simple with
rounded rectangle shaped. Chin Woo Stadium also featured rounded edges or streamline form
(aerodynamic) from art moderne style to provoke a sense of dynamism, speed and efficiency similar to
modern industrial designs of ships, airplanes and automobiles.
In Art Moderne, asymmetry of the overall massing and the floor plans is the key characteristic. From
the front facade of Chin Woo Stadium, it appears differently but still achieve its balance in weight.
From the floor plan and axonometric view, it does not seem to be perfectly symmetrical too.
Figure 4.3.3 Shows the floor
plan (Drawing by Voon Say
Loon.)
Figure 4.3.1 Shows the curvy wall
and streamline form of Chin Woo
Stadium. (Drawing by Voon Say
Loon.)
Figure 4.3.2 Axonometric
drawing of Stadium showing it
as asymmetry. (Drawing by
Voon Say Loon.)
Image 4.3.1 Shows the front facade of Chin Woo Stadium.. (Image taken by
Vivien Ng on site.)
24

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
FLAT & STEP-BACK (SETBACK) ROOF
Streamline Moderne is essentially a machine aesthetic focused on mass production, functional
efficiency, and a more abstract aesthetic affected by the Bauhaus architecture. As this building is a
stadium and was intended to create a structured environment to teach and learn martial arts as
opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past, it is a more functional building
where the form was designed according to the needs of the activities carry out within the building.
First and foremost, Chin Woo Stadium featured flat and step-back roof. In Art Moderne buildings, flat
roof is used to maintain the flat, horizontal and clean facade. Hence, flat roof often serves for living
purpose. Furthermore, step-back (setback) roof in Art Deco was used in Chin Woo Stadium too, firstly to
lower the building centre mass, making it more stabilized. Thus, it also helps get more natural light and
fresh air to the interior.
Image 4.3.2 Shows the flat roof of Chin Woo Stadium. (Image taken
by Vivien Ng on site.)
Figure 4.3.5 Shows the step-back roof of
Chin Woo Stadium. (Drawing by Voon Say
Loon.)
Figure 4.3.4 Shows the plan and shape of Chin Woo
Stadium. (Plan retrieved from Chin Woo Stadium 60th
Anniversary Yearbook)
STAGE
MAIN ACTIVITIES
AREA (COURT)
SEATINGS
SEATINGS
25

HORIZONTAL BANDING & LEDGE
In Art Moderne, windows usually appear as either square or round openings. Windows are arranged in
continuous band to create the aerodynamic appearance to the building.The wall openings are usually
windows to create a contrast of solid and voids so the building does not look so heavy. Hence, ledges
are used in Chin Woo stadium to provide a bit of shades from sunlight.
Image 4.3.3 Horizontal band and eyebrows of Chin
Woo Stadium. (Picture taken by Vivien Ng on site.)
Figure 4.3.6 Front elevation of Chin Woo Stadium
showing the location of horizontal banding and
eyebrow. (Drawing by Voon Say Loon)
LEDGE
NAUTICAL ELEMENTS
In both Art Deco and Art Moderne, the design style often take inspiration from the ocean such as :
curves, horizontal lines, elements from ship and colour of blue as finishes. Art Deco and Art Moderne
buildings often use portholes to improve air ventilation in indoor. In Chin Woo Stadium, there are many
portholes around the building just like porthole windows on ship. Furthermore, Chin Woo Stadium
featured many curves. From the side elevations of Chin Woo Stadium, it looks like a ship hence few
finishes are in blue tone too.
Image 4.3.6 Ship images (Image source :
http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/p
age/Portal/Armadaespannola)
Image 4.3.4 Porthole
around the Stadium.
(Picture taken by Vivien
Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.5 Wavy pattern
railing.
Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.8 Blue tone wall
finish.
Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.7 Blue tone
mosaic tiles were used.
Ng on site.)
Figure 4.3.7 Side elevation of Chin Woo Stadium (Side
elevation retrieved from Chin Woo Stadium 60th
Anniversary Yearbook)
26

4.3 STYLE & CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTERIOR FACADE OF CHIN WOO STADIUM
VERTICAL EMPHASIS
During Art Deco and Art Moderne, load bearing wall was replaced by reinforced concrete column and
beam as the support system of a building. Horizontal rows of repetitive columns can be seen in Chin
Woo Stadium. Furthermore, vertical lines that exceed the roof line is significant in Art Deco. An upright
tall clock tower in Chin Woo Stadium stands out as the focal point of the building. From these, Art Deco
style that emphasized on verticality can clearly be seen in this building.
Figure 4.3.8 Front elevation of Chin Woo Stadium (Drawing by Voon Say
Loon)
Image 4.3.9 Front facade (Picture taken by
Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.10 Vertical clock tower (Picture taken
by Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.11 Vertical supporting columns (Picture taken by Vivien Ng
on site.)
27

USE OF CAST IRON
LARGE USE OF GLASS
Metals or cast iron were
often used in Art Deco/ Art
Moderne period because of
the mass production and
technological advancement
during industrial revolution.
Metal casements were used
as the frame of the windows
and some of the doors in
Chin Woo Stadium. Windows
or doors strips were
decorated with iron grilled
work.
After industrial revolution, production of glass was large therefore, many of the buildings after
industrial revolution used glass in their building. Large use of glass for openings/windows in the building
was started when buildings no longer rely on load bearing wall but columns and beam as support. This
allows more openings to be created in the building to let in natural light. Thus, use of tinted glass in
Chin Woo Stadium also provides a certain level of privacy to the interior.
Image 4.3.12 Metal casement door. (Picture taken by Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.13,14,15,16,17,18 Metal and cast iron window and door frames. (Picture taken by Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.19 Glass windows along
the hallway. (Picture taken by Vivien
Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.20 Tinted Glass windows.
(Picture taken by Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.21 Close view of tinted
glass. (Picture taken by Vivien Ng on
site.)
28

SMOOTH WALL FINISHES
MOSAIC & CERAMIC TILES
In Art Deco & Art Moderne style, mosaic and ceramic tiles with subdued colours, different shapes and
sizes were used to create different geometric patterns on the building. From the interior of Chin Woo
Stadium, there are many parts of it used tiles as finishing. For example, some parts of the floor, walls,
and columns.
In Art Deco & Art Moderne style, wall finishes are clean, simple and flat. It does not have excessive
decorations on it. Thus, in Chin Woo Stadium, wall finish is smooth and flat with no other decorative
elements. ShangHai stucco was used to create its wall finish.
Image 4.3.22 Ceramic floor tiles (Picture
taken by Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.23 Ceramic floor
tiles (Picture taken by
Vivien Ng on site.)
Vivien Ng on site.)
tiles with geometric pattern
(Picture taken by Vivien Ng
on site.)
Image 4.3.24 Mosaic wall
Vivien Ng on site.)
Image 4.3.27 Shanghai Stucco wall finish (Picture taken by Vivien Ng on
site.)
29

4.4 COMPARISON OF ART DECO BUILDINGS
Image 4.4.1 Central Market, KL. (Image source :
http://william-madras.blogspot.my/2011/05/dare-house-parrys-corner.html)
30
Vertical tower
Asymmetry
Use of metal & glass
Horizontal
emphasis
Central Market Kuala Lumpur is located at Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock and the pedestrian-only section of
Jalan Hang Kasturi (Rodger Street). The original building was functioned as wet market and was built in
1888. Reconstruction was made and completed in 1937 to be the current Art Deco style Central Market.
CENTRAL MARKET, KUALA LUMPUR
COCA COLA BUILDING, LOS ANGELES
Image 4.4.2 Coca cola building, Los Angelas.
(Image source : http://www.whereartinspiresbeauty.com/coca-cola-building-beautiful-example-streamline-moderne/)
Coca Cola building is located at South-central Avenue, Los Angeles, California. The architect was Robert
V. Derrah, who was an American architect. This building was built in 1939 and featured streamline
moderne style with ship appearance.

Figure 4.3.9 Similarities and differences between Chin Woo
Stadium Central Market & Coca Cola Building.. (Diagram by Vivien
Ng)
4.4 COMPARISON OF ART DECO BUILDINGS
CENTRAL MARKET, KUALA LUMPUR
COCA COLA BUILDING, LOS ANGELES
Image 4.4.6 Streamline form
(nautical element)
Image 4.4.7 Ship like appearance, metal railing Image 4.4.8 Portholes & smooth wall
surface.
Image sources :
http://www.whereartinspiresbeauty.com/coca-cola-building-beautiful-example-streamline-moderne/
Image 4.4.3 Flat & smooth wall surface. Image 4.4.4 Use of glass as windows. Image 4.4.4 Use of cast iron as window
grill & frame.
Image sources : http://myheritagebuildings.blogspot.my/2016/11/central-market-art-deco-structure-saved.html
31

5.0// BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
5.1 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
SLAB CONSTRUTCION
POST AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION
WALL CONSTRUCTION
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
5.2 BUILDING MATERIALS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
SHANGHAI PLASTER
TERRAZZO
STUCCO
CERAMIC TILE
TINTED GLASS
INTERIOR FINISHES
5.3 COMPARISON WITH
WESTERN BUILDING
HIGHBURY STADUIM
“ Construction
Is
the process
of
erecting buildings
Materials
are
the
components
that clothe the buildings “

5.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WESLEY WONG TECK WON 0330496
1. Concrete waffle raft slab
2. Columns
3. Internal curved beams
5. Flatted roofs
4. Reinforced concrete wall
Rounded corner
33

5.1.1 SLAB CONSTRUCTION
The stadium used concrete waffle raft slab in slab construction.It is a two directional reinforcement
slab (two-way slab) supported by multiples beams (especially the curved beams), transferring the
dead and live loads and superimposed loads to supporting, which are the posts and beams. The
waffle slab increases the structural stability for the large flat areas of its foundation and slabs of the
stadium. ( Gawade, 2017)
Figure 5.1.1.1 Slab in longitudinal section Figure 5.1.1.2 Slab in floor plan
34
Image 5.1.1.1 Site excavation
for slab construction
( Image by Chin Woo Stadium
60th annivarsary magazine)
Image 5.1.1.2 Timber formwork
construction
Image 5.1.1.3 RBC mesh added.
Image 5.1.1.4 First floor slab in construction
( Image by Chin Woo Stadium 60th annivarsary magazine)
Figure 5.1.1.3 Concrete waffle raft slab
(Figure by Wesley)

5.1.2 POST AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION
Figure 5.1.2.1: Columns in longitudinal section
(Figure by Wesley)
Figure 5.1.2.2: Curved beams
in section A-A’
(Figure by Wesley)
The stadium used wide-flanged columns in column construction. Its reinforced concrete columns
transfered the building loads from flatted roof, ceiling and slabs into deep foundation through
wide-flanged beams. Anchor bolts were used to join both the columns and the base plates.
According to Flange Beams and Columns, 2017, columns were welded into their steel base plates
after they were leveled on a bed of non-shrinking grout.
The stadium used wide-flanged beams as they have I or H-saped cross section. The reinforced
concrete beams supported and transfered the building loads to the columns and load-bearing walls.
Curved beams were significantly used in the entire interior ceilings, supporting the layered and flat
rooftops and adding rhythm and dynamics to the stadium. Art Deco history depicted towards the
middle of 1920s, the use of the three major building components, the curved beam or chevron,
frieze and volute pattern gave rhythm to the building`s composition.
35
Image 5.1.2.1 Column REBAR
in construction
Image 5.1.2.2 Ground column
Image 5.1.2.3 Columns
Figure 5.1.2.6 Beams
in construction
Figure 5.1.2.7 Curved beams
in the stadium
Figure 5.1.2.8 Curved beams
From worm`s view

5.1.3 WALL CONSTRUCTION
Figure 5.1.3.1 Masonry wall in longitudinal section
(Figure by Wesley)
Figure 5.1.3.2 Masonry wall
in B-B’ section
(Figure by Wesley)
The building used reinforced concrete wall in wall construction. Concrete was poured after timber
formwork and reinforcing bars were set up. The exterior wall of this stadium was merely plastered in
concrete, depicting simplicity and modesty. Ornamental treatment was excessively reduced. Visual
interest and attraction could be further enhanced by stretching linear forms horizontally and
vertically throughout the building.
35
Figure 5.1.3.3 front elevation Concrete wall being constructed in-situ
Figure 5.1.3.3 left elevation Concrete wall being constructed in-situ

5.1.4 ROOF CONSTRUCTION
Art Deco designers adorned flat roofs with parapets, spires, or tower-like structures to accentuate a
corner or an entrance. Decorative curiosities such as chimneys could be added to further enhance
the design. Shaped in angular with annular edges at at two ends, the stadium applied retro roofing
in roof construction. As it`s built in late Art Deco era, known as the Art Modern era(since 1930`s), the
curve facade at two ends and the flatness of roof portrayed the crucial history of birth of the
stadium in 1953. Contrary to Art deco, Art Modern focused on rounder rather than angular corner
and horizontal rather than vertical emphasis. (Wentworth, 2017)
Figure 5.1.4.1 Multi-level flat roof
in longitudinal section
(Figure by Wesley)
Figure 5.1.4.2 Angular-and-annular-at-two-ends
roof
37
Image 5.1.4.1 Exterior view
of multi-level flat roof
(Figure by Wesley)
Image 5.1.4.1 Interior view
of multi-level flat roof
(Figure by Wesley)

5.2 BUILDING MATERIALS
Stucco
Reinforced concrete
Shanghai plaster
Unglazed mosaic tile
Unglazed mozaic tile
Tinted glass
Partition board
Wooden panel
Brown
polyester
carpet
Green polyester carpet
38

5.2.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE
The stadium`s exterior wall was majorly built in reinforced concrete, one of the popular and widely
used material during Art Deco era. (Wentworth, I, 2017) Made up of cement, aggregate, water and
reinforcing bars (REBAR), reinforce concrete has high compressive and tensile strength, weather and
fire resistancy , durability, minimum deflection and thus lower maintenance costs of the stadium.
Image 5.2.1.1 Concrete slab constructed
(Image by Voon Say Loon, taken on site)
Image 5.2.1.3 Concrete wall constructed
(Image by Wesley, taken on site)
Image 5.2.1.4 Concrete slab constructed
Image 5.2.1.2 Concrete wall constructed
39

5.2.2 SHANGHAI PLASTER
Based on Bomanite Malaysia, Shanghai plaster is the exposed aggregate ( inert granular materials
like crushed stones, gravels and sand ) system that applies traditional pebble stones and marble
chippings. While it is known as the dull, grey, gravelly finish found on Art Deco style buildings back
then ( Shanghai plaster : The Art Deco buildings of George Town, Malaysia, 2017 ), Shanghai
plastered walls are coated with very shiny acrylic today. It is acid-resistant, antibacterial, non-Slip
and wear-resistant.
Image 5.2.2.1 Shanghai plaster at
the stadium`s entrance
5.2.3 TERRAZZO
Terrazzo was used for all the railings of the staircases in the stadium. It was made up of relatively
small stone chips. It was environmentally-friendly as one of the building material that was chosen in
this stadium. Besides, terrazzo railing required only less maintenance.
Image 5.2.3.1 Terrazzo railing
at 2nd floor
(Image by Wesley,
taken on site)
Image 5.2.3.2 Terrazzo railing
at ground floor
(Image by Wesley,
taken on site)
40

Many art deco buildings are smooth and painted over. Made up of aggregates, a binder and water,
stucco is the external finish that acts as the decorative coating for walls and ceilings. (Preservation
Brief 22: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco, 2017) Historically, it was used as a material
of deceptive simplicity. It is applied two-or-three part directly into masonry. A stucco coating over a
less finished and less costly structure like rubblestone, fieldstone, or wood frame, gave the building
the appearance of being more expensive and notable. As a weather-resistant coating, stucco
protected the stadium from wind and rain invasion. It offered a certain amount of fire protection,
too. Nonetheless,it is susceptible to water damage as a protective coating.
5.2.4 STUCCO
Image 5.2.4.1 Stucco applied on clock tower`s facade
at front elevation
Image 5.2.4.2 Stucco applied on clock tower`s facade
at left elevation
41

5.2.5 CERAMIC TILE
Ceramic tile is best known for its high durability. It was widely used in the stadium in various colour,
pattern and texture. Ceramic tiles used is mainly made up of baked clay. 95% of the ceramic mosaic
tiles (glazed and unglazed) dominated the whole stadium. The interior mosaic tiles functioned as the
motives and embellishment against the exterior stripped-down feature, making the conceptually
rudimentary exterior stadium internally attractive and lively. (Don Vandervort, 2017)This design
intention again proved the Art Deco construction running through the entire stadium.
Image 5.2.5.1 Mosaic tiles on entrance floor
(Image by Hanees Sabri, taken on site)
Image 5.2.5.2 Mosaic tiles on staircases
Image 5.2.5.3 Mosaic tiles on interior wall
Image 5.2.5.4 Mosaic tiles on lobby`s wall
Image 5.2.5.5 Glazed mosaic tiles
on lobby`s column
(Image by Hanees Sabri, taken on site)
Image 5.2.5.6 Glazed mosaic tiles on interior wall
42

5.2.6 TINTED GLASS
Tinted glasses (glasses with slightly darkened pigment), known as heat-absorbing glasses,
dominated the stadium`s wall. They were made by adding torquiose pigment into raw materals
during floating process for this building. The primary use of tinted glass was to reduce glare from
the bright outdoors ray and the amount of solar energy (heat energy) transmitted through the
glasses. ("Tinted Glass", 2017) The tinting changed the color`s opacity (at times the entire color) of
the window at certain angles with different amount of light aborsption . Consequently, the tinted
glass windows provided the stadium with visual privacy and security.
Image 5.2.6.1 Tinted glass on ground floor`s window
Image 5.2.6.3 Exterior view of tinted glass window
(Image by Voon Slol voon say loon koaay Loon, taken on site)
Image 5.2.6.2 Interior view of tinted glass window
at corridor
43

5.2.7 INTERIOR FINISHES
95 % of the interior materials functioned as soundproof materials to absord sound. They were
partition boards, wooden acoustic panels (rockwool filling) and polyester carpet. They were crucial in
absorbing the loud and noisy sounds especially when the stadium held special events, specific
trainings and sports` competition during festivals. For example, lion dance performance, wushu show
and martial arts trainings. Besides, the parquet flooring protected athletes with strong grip and
fiction. The parquet flooring was entirely geometrical and angular,reflecting one of the Art Deco
elements.
Image 5.2.7.1: Pink acoustic partition boards
on the right interior wall
Image 5.2.7.3 Wooden acoustic panels
in front of audience`s seat
Image 5.2.7.4 Wooden acoustic panels
on the interior wall
Image 5.2.7.5 Brown polyester carpet on stage
Image 5.2.7.6 Green polyester carpet
in front of audience`s seat
Image 5.2.7.2 Pink acoustic partition boards on
left the interior wall
44

5.3 COMPARISON WITH WESTERN BUILDING
45
Highbury stadium, North London
General
Characteristics
Chin Woo
Stadium
Highbury
Stadium
Flat roof Angular and annular
flat roof
Angular flat roof
Reinforced waffle
raft slab
Yes Yes
Use of concrete Yes Yes
Use of tinted glass Yes Yes
Use of stucco Yes No
Use of ceramic
mosaic tile
Yes No
Use of interior
finishes
Yes
(As activies were
carried indoor,
interior finishes were
needed)
No
(Activities
were carried
outdoor)
Image 5.3.1: Aerial view of Highbury stadium
Image 5.3.4 : Bird`s eye view
of
Highbury stadium`s interior
Flat roof Tinted glass
Concrete wall
Image 5.3.2
Image 5.3.3
(Images` source:https://www.google.com/search?q=highbury+stadium)
Table 5.3.1 Similarities and differences between
Chin Woo Stadium and Highbury Stadium
(table by Wesley)

6.0// ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
6.1 FACADE
MONOLITHIC
CURVED FACADE
6.2 ROOF
FLAT ROOF
PARAPETS/CHIMNEY
6.3 WINDOWS
FENESTRATIONS
WINDOW TYPES
SUN SHADING
6.4 DOORS
ART DECO INFLUENCED DOORWAYS
6.5 STAIRCASES
ART MODERNE INFLUENCED STAIRCASES
“Architectural
elements are defined
by the unique details
and component parts
that, together, form
the architectural style
of houses, buildings
and structures”
(Wikipedia, n.d).

6.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS HANEES SABRI 0331307
6.1.1 MONOLITHIC ELEMENT
In classic Art Deco, rectangular blocky forms were often arranged in geometric fashion, then broken up
by curved ornamental elements. But the aim was always a monolithic appearance with applied
decorative motifs (Wentworth, 2017). In the case of the Chin Woo Stadium, vertical rectangular forms
are arranged in a curvilinear fashion while the exterior gives the illusion that the building was carved
out of a single material, due to the use of monochromatic material on the exterior cladding of the
building. This shows the application of the Art Deco style, where the design is comprised of blocky
rectangular forms punctuated by curves, while giving off the monolithic look using materiality.
Image 6.1.1 Full view of Chin Woo Stadium, emphasizing its monolithic appearance.
(Image retrieved from Malay Mail Online, Sept 29)
6.1 FACADE
47

6.1.2 CURVED FACADE
Facade is defined by the principal front of the building, that faces a street or an open space (Cambridge
learner's dictionary, 2007). In the 1930’s, Art Moderne (or Streamline Moderne) emerged as a later
stage of Art Deco style. This style is characterised by curved edges and corner windows, as well as
horizontal liner or grooves amongst other things. Chin Woo Stadium’s facade is curved, embodying the
Art Moderne style. The presence of horizontal banding, in keeping with the style also further
emphasizes the curvilinear form of the building.
6.1 FACADE
Image 6.1.2 Curved facade of Chin Woo Stadium, horizontal banding
giving further emphasis to the curved form (image taken on site by
Hanees Sabri)
Figure 6.1.1 Axonometric view of Chin Woo Stadium, clearly showing
the curvature of the facade.
48

6.2.1 FLAT ROOF
Flat roofs with coping and parapets are another defining element in the Art Moderne style. Coping is
defined by the covering piece on top of a wall which is exposed to the weather, usually made of metal,
masonry, or stone that is preferably sloped to shed water back onto the roof while parapets are defined
by that part of a perimeter wall immediately adjacent to the roof which extends above the
roof.("Roofing Glossary - Common Roofing Terms", 2017) Chin Woo Stadium’s roof is flat with parapets
and coping. Malaysia has a rainy season in the months of November to January, thus making coping an
important feature to maintain the structural integrity of the roof. Other than the practical uses, the use
of a flat roof are one of the defining elements of the era’s style.
6.2 ROOF
Image 6.2.1 View of the stadium’s flat roof top with coping walls highlighted
(Image taken on site by Voon Say Loon)
Figure 6.2.1 Side elevation of Chin Woo Stadium with flat roof highlighted ( Elevation
retrieved from Chin Woo Stadium 60th Anniversary Yearbook)
49

6.2.2 SPIRES AND CHIMNEYS
Spires are a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, typically a tower
(Cambridge learner's dictionary, 2007). Art Deco designers adorned flat roofs with parapets, spires, or
tower-like constructs to accentuate a corner or entrance (Wentworth, 2017). In the case of Chin Woo
Stadium, a clock tower stands to the front right of the building, drawing attention to the main entrance
of the building and the right side of the building, which leads to a series of shops and the swimming
pool. Other than serving practical function, the clock tower is also an iconic feature of the stadium, as
an identifier of the stadium itself and as an example of Art Deco style applied in its design.
6.2 ROOF
Figure 6.2.2 Front elevation of Chin Woo Stadium, with clock tower
on right side highlighted ( nts drawing by Voon Say Loon)
Image 6.2.2 Chin Woo Stadium clock tower highlighted (Image by
Hanees Sabri, taken on site)
50

6.3.1 FENESTRATIONS
The term fenestration refers to the arrangement of windows in a building (Cambridge learner's
dictionary, 2007). The main and most obvious fenestration of Chin Woo Stadium is the arrangement of
the main windows that adorn the middle part of the building. The tall vertical bay windows are
rectangular in shape and arranged vertically following the curvilinear form of the stadium, which
further emphasizes the the curve in the facade. The tall bay windows("8 Types of Windows", 2017) let in
a lot of natural sunlight during the evening due to the orientation of the building facing north west,
decreasing the need for artificial lighting throughout the evening and reducing the overall overhead costs
for the stadium.
6.3 WINDOWS
Image 6.3.1 View of Chin Woo Stadium fully
showing the arrangement of windows (picture taken
on site by Hanees Sabri)
Figure 6.3.1 Front elevation of Chin Woo Stadium,
clearly showing the arrangement of windows
(Drawing by Voon Say Loon)
Figure 6.3.2 Axonometric view of Chin Woo stadium with
fenestration highlighted to further clarify the arrangement
of the windows
Image 6.3.2 View of inside one of Chin Woo
Stadium’s hallways on the second floor, to show
interior light quality (picture taken on site by
Hanees Sabri)
51

6.3.2 WINDOW TYPES
Windows are defined asopening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle, fitted with glass in a frame to
admit light or air and allow people to see out (Cambridge learner's dictionary, 2007). Chin Woo Stadium
generally applies two types of windows; casement windows and bay windows.
CASEMENT WINDOWS
These hinged windows operate by a turn of a crank in an operating mechanism. They can be hinged on
the left or the right to open outward ("8 Types of Windows", 2017). The casement windows used in Chin
Woo Stadium are arranged in panels of three, with the middle pane being a stationary or fixed window,
flanked by manually operable windows on either side. The windows are filled with frosted tinted glass.
These highly practical windows can be found on the ground floor of the stadium, around the entrance
area. The windows are fitted with ornamental grills that do not only provide aesthetic value, but also
serve as a security feature.
6.3 WINDOWS
Image 6.3.3 Image of one of the casement windows that are located on the ground
floor of the stadium. Note the brick patterned ornamental grill, which also serves as a
security feature.(picture taken on site by Hanees Sabri)
52

6.3.2 WINDOW TYPES
BAY WINDOWS
Generally, bay or bow windows give you more interior space, as they protrude out from the exterior of
the siding of the house. They are a combination of windows often with a stationary window in the middle
flanked by either double-hung windows or casements ("8 Types of Windows", 2017). The bay windows,
as mentioned before are arranged along the facade of the building and allow natural lighting to
penetrate the interior of the building.
6.3 WINDOWS
Image 6.3.4 Bay windows on the right of the
hallway allowing natural light to penetrate the
interior building spaces, thus eliminating the
need for artificial lighting
( Picture taken on site by Hanees Sabri)
Figure 6.3.3 An array of the many types of bay windows
available on the market, as a clearer view of what bay
windows are ( “Wonder Windows”, 2017 )
53

6.3.3 SUN SHADING
In Malaysia’s hot and sunny all year round climate, its is impossible to design a building without
considering elements such as sun shading. In the case of Chin Woo Stadium, the windows are protected
from the harsh sunlight via a cantilevered window shade that spans around the building, covering all the
windows on its facade.
6.3 WINDOWS
Image 6.3.5 Ledge,indicated by arrows, that acts as sun shading for
the windows that adorn the facade of the building ( Picture taken on
site by Hanees Sabri)
Figure 6.3.3 Diagram demonstrating the functionality of
sun shading features in design ( Diagram by Kumar, 2017)
54

6.4.1 MAIN HALL ENTRANCE (EXTERIOR)
The doors opening up to the main hall is a classic example of Art Deco design, whereby its characteristics
include straight, rectangular forms broken up by curves and organic shapes (Wentworth, 2017). The
design of the door is simply made up of rectangles arranged to form the door, with a circle in the middle
emphasizing the location of the handles, focusing the user's attention to them.
6.4 DOORS
Image 6.4.1 The main door leading to the main hall of Chin Woo Stadium. As seen in
photo above, the doors follow Art Deco style( Picture taken on site by Hanees Sabri)
55

6.5.1 ART MODERNE INFLUENCED STAIRCASES
The curves and streamlined look of the Art Moderne style is reflected in the design of the multiple
curved and semi circular shape of the staircases located at the entrance of the Stadium and at the
entrance of the main hall. The curved staircases give a sense of grandeur to the space, as it draws the
user’s view to the widest part of the staircases, making the space look bigger.
6.5 STAIRCASE
Image 6.5.2 Staircase located at main entrance of
the stadium( Picture taken on site by Hanees
Sabri)
Image 6.5.1 Image depicting the curved staircase
that leads to the main hall, note the semi circular
shape of the stairs.( Picture taken on site by
Hanees Sabri)
Image 6.5.3 (left) Image referring to staircases
from Art Deco era, as comparison ( Image retrieved
from pinterest, source unknown)
56

7.0 CONCLUSION
Chin Woo Stadium is truly a building of heritage, from the rich application of Art Deco
Architectural style, prominent in each and every feature, to the cultural activities that
take place within. The prominence of the Art Deco style is so evident that while standing
within its walls, one truly feels transported back in time to the 50’s of Malaysia, evoking
nostalgia in every step.
From this project, our members have learned a lot about the Art Deco style, its
significance and how it is portrayed in the Chin Woo Stadium. This invaluable knowledge,
we hope, will be able to propel us forward in our studies.
In summary, Chin Woo Stadium is a beautiful building full of life and should be preserved,
for the joy of future generations to come.
57

8.0 REFERENCE
2.0 ARCHITECTURAL SITE CONTEXT
● Slideshare.net. (2017). Chin woo stadium. [online] Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/zhijun/chin-woo-stadium [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017].
● Mycen.com.my. (2017). MALAYSIA CENTRAL: Directions: Chin Woo Stadium with Location Map.
[online] Available at: http://www.mycen.com.my/directions/chin_woo_stadium.html [Accessed
12 Nov. 2017].
● Cambridge learner's dictionary. (2007). Cambridge, UK.
● Kumar, R. (2017). 7. Shading devices. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/RohitKumar79/7-shading-devices
● Chinwoo.com. (2017). Chin Woo - The Official Source to World Chin Woo Organizations. [online]
Available at: http://www.chinwoo.com [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017].
● Slideshare.net. (2017). Chin Woo Stadium. [online] Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/iamjameswong/chin-woo-stadium-55915697 [Accessed 12 Nov.
2017].
● Skyscrapercity.com. (2017). KUALA LUMPUR | OLD Pictorial Thread - Page 59 - SkyscraperCity.
[online] Available at: http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=438753&page=59
[Accessed 12 Nov. 2017].
58
3.0 ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT
● Slideshare.net. (2017). Chin Woo Stadium. [online] Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/iamjameswong/chin-woo-stadium-55915697 [Accessed 12 Nov.
2017].
● Slideshare.net. (2017). Chin woo stadium. [online] Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/zhijun/chin-woo-stadium [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017].
● colourlessopinions.com.(2017). Chin Woo Event - Legend FC 11: new champs
Available athttp://www.colourlessopinions.com/2013/04/legend-fc-11-koji-ando-li-
Jing-liang-ji.html [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
● en.wikipedia.org.(2017).Architectural Drawing Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_plan [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
1.0 INTRODUCTION
● chinwoomen.com.(2017).Chin Woo men - World Chin Woo Men Organization
Available a t: http://www.chinwoomen.com/school.html [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
● Chin Woo old photos. (2017). Old Picture - Shang Hai historical photos
Available at : http://211.144.107.196/oldpic/node/18843 [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].

8.0 REFERENCE
59
4.0 ARCHITECTURE STYLE
● Art Deco Art Moderne (Streamline Moderne): 1920 – 1945. (2016, January 11). Retrieved
November 14, 2017, from https://circaoldhouses.com/art-deco-art-moderne/
● Art Deco (c.1925-40). (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/art-deco.htm
● Moderne and Art Deco Architecture of the 20th Century. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2017,
from http://www.antiquehome.org/Architectural-Style/modern.htm
● Abdullah, Z. (2017, August 25). Heritage Buildings of Malaysia. Retrieved November 14, 2017,
from http://myheritagebuildings.blogspot.my/2016/01/oriental-building-tallest-art-deco.html
● Art Deco and Moderne. (2011, November 24). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from
https://architecturestyles.org/art-deco/
● Tan Jaden, Architecture Student at Taylor's University Subang Jaya, Malaysia Follow. (2015,
December 03).
● Chin woo stadium analysis report. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/Tanjaden1218/chin-woo-stadium-analysis-report
● Designing Buildings Wiki The construction industry knowledge base. (n.d.). Retrieved November
14, 2017, from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Art_Moderne
● Header. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/4258.htm
● A Designer's Guide To Decorating In Art Deco Style. (2017). The Spruce. Retrieved 14 November
2017, from https://www.thespruce.com/decorating-in-art-deco-style-1976535
● Bomanite Malaysia. (2017). Bomanite.com.my. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from
http://www.bomanite.com.my/
● Chin Woo Stadium 60th Anniversary Analysis Report. (1981). Selangor.
● Don Vandervort, H. (2017). Ceramic & Mosaic Tile Flooring. HomeTips. Retrieved 14 November
2017, from https://www.hometips.com/buying-guides/ceramic-mosaic-tile-flooring.html
● Flange Beams and Columns. (2017). Sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com. Retrieved 13 November
2017, from https://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com/flange-beams-columns-to_10.html
● Gawade. (2017). Flat Grid / Waffle Slab. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/agawade34/flat-grid-waffle-slab
● Preservation Brief 22: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco. (2017). Nps.gov. Retrieved
14 November 2017, from https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/22-stucco.htm
● Ribbed and waffle slabs. (2017). Concretecentre.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from
http://www.concretecentre.com/Building-Elements/Floors/Ribbed-Waffle-Slabs.aspx
● Shanghai plaster: The Art Deco buildings of George Town, Malaysia. (2017). Design Spotlight.
Retrieved 12 November 2017, from
https://designspotlight.wordpress.com/2014/05/02/shanghai-plaster-the-art-deco-buildings-of-g
eorge-town-malaysia/
● Tinted Glass. (2017). Iklimnet.com. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from
http://www.iklimnet.com/save/glass_tinted.html
● Wentworth, I. (2017). Art Deco Style (1925-1940). Wentworthstudio.com. Retrieved 12
November 2017, from https://www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/art-deco/

8.0 REFERENCE
6.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
● 8 Types of Windows. (2017). HGTV. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from
http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/interior-remodel/8-types-of-windows-pictures
● Bay & Bow Windows Rochester NY | Wonder Windows. (2017). Wonderwindows.com. Retrieved
14 November 2017, from https://www.wonderwindows.com/windows/bay-bow
● Cambridge learner's dictionary. (2007). Cambridge, UK.
● Kumar, R. (2017). 7. Shading devices. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/RohitKumar79/7-shading-devices
● Roofing Glossary - Common Roofing Terms. (2017). Godfrey Roofing Inc.. Retrieved 12 November
2017, from
http://godfreyroofing.com/residential/education/roofing-articles/roofing-terms-glossary/
● Streamline Moderne. (2017). En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamline_Moderne
● Wentworth, I. (2017). Art Deco Style (1925-1940). Wentworthstudio.com. Retrieved 12
November 2017, from https://www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/art-deco/
60

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