Taylor's University Architectural Culture & History 2

1. ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 [ARC 60203]
Project 2: Web Book (Group & Individual)
CHIN WOO STADIUM
Group Member:
TAN WEN HAO 0319923
TANG ZE ZHENG 0318967
TOH KEAN HOU 0319575
WONG ZHEN FAI 0317890
YONG YU JOON 0318299

2. 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
(Group component)
• 1.1 Fast Facts
• 1.2 History of Chin Woo Stadium
• 1.3 The Architect
Pg 4
Pg 5
Pg 8
Pg 9
2.0 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
(by Wong Zhen Fai)
• 2.1 Site accessibility
• 2.2 Building accessibility
• 2.3 Local climate
• 2.4 Climate response
• 2.5 Relationship of building to surrounding
Pg 10
Pg 10
Pg 13
Pg 14
Pg 15
Pg 19
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
(by Tan Wen Hao)
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Elevations (Façades) analysis
• 3.3 Organization analysis
• 3.4 Scale (Visual Scale, Human Scale)
• 3.5 Circulation to use space (Public vs. Private space)
Pg 20
Pg 20
Pg 21
Pg 22
Pg 24
Pg 25
4.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
(by Yong Yu Joon)
• 4.1 Introduction to Art Deco style
• 4.2 Art Moderne in Chin Woo Stadium
• 4.3 Comparison of Architectural Style
Pg 28
Pg 28
Pg 31
Pg 35
5.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
(by Tang Ze Zheng)
• 5.1 Structural system in Chin Woo Stadium
• 5.2 Building materials used in Chin Woo Stadium
• 5.3 Comparison of building construction
Pg 37
Pg 37
Pg 42
Pg 45
Table of Content

3. 3
6.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
(by Toh Kean Hou)
• 6.1 Flooring - Parquet flooring
• 6.2 Windows – Bow windows
• 6.3 Staircase – U-stairs
• 6.4 Roof – Flat roof
• 6.5 Wall
• 6.6 Fenestration in Chin Woo stadium
• 6.7 Shading of Chin Woo stadium
Pg 46
Pg 46
Pg 47
Pg 48
Pg 50
Pg 51
Pg 53
Pg 53
7.0 CONCLUSION
(Group component)
Pg 54
8.0 REFERENCE
(Group component) Pg 55

4. 4
1.0 Introduction
(Photos-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
Klang Valley is a rich source of architectural heritage dated from pre-colonial, colonial
and post-independence until present times. The historical richness creates a very vibrant
architectural fabric. The modern architecture emerges rapidly from 1950’s to 1970’s as
economic growth spurs. This follows the international style that spreads across the world in
1930’s to 50’s. However, many historical modernistic buildings may face risk of being
demolished to make way for more contemporary buildings. Thus, by recording,
documenting and analysing the buildings, we can contribute to preserve the historical
evidence of the valuable modern architecture in Klang Valley.

5. 5
The building we have selected is Chin Woo Stadium located at Jalan Hang Jebat, Kuala
Lumpur. Located at the heart of the capital, few do not know its name.
Chin woo stadium remains perched on its hill since its grand opening in 1953. Many
have long forgot the many sporting and entertainment events held there. It was the first
sports facility operated by the Chin Woo Sports Association with an Olympic sized swimming
pool.
1.1 Fast Facts
1.1.1 Activities held in Chin Woo:
1) Martial Arts
(Images-from-http://www.chinwoo.org.my)
The major objectives:
To promote the interest to the public and members to take up training and to popularize
the Wushu activities both in traditional routines and the competition sets, also to conduct
research studies, seminars or trainings for advanced Wushu classes.
The role of the Wushu Activity Bureau is to publicize and promote Chin Woo martial arts
through two major intentions, which are:
1. To promote the Chin Woo Wushu and to win
2. Worldwide Recognition
3. To cultivate Wushu specialists to take the responsibility to pass down the Wushu
knowledge so that it won’t vanquish

6. 6
2) Literary Culture
(Images-from-http://www.chinwoo.org.my)
Chinese painting class:
Chinese painting lessons include painting from the natural environment. For
instance, students painted from the nature at Huang Shan, China and have successfully
organized an art exhibition. Activities such as forums, Chinese fluid painting exhibitions
were also organised.
Calligraphy class:
Chinese calligraphy is a method for psychology cultivation training. Chinwoo Chinese
calligraphy class mainly educates the Kai Ti, Xing Ti, Li Shu, Cao Shu and other calligraphy
styles. Activities such Chinese calligraphy competitions, table talks and exhibitions were also
organised.
1.1.2 Chin Woo Athletic Association
Chin Woo Logo Grandmaster Hua Yuan Jia
(Images-from-http://www.chinwoo.org.my)

7. 7
Ten Chin Woo Concepts
① Chin Woo concept of Man
To train physically, intellectually and morally to achieve all round ability
② Chin Woo concept of Character
To be just and clean, to respect others and self
③ Chin Woo concept of Demeanour
To be honest and frank and to love and treat others universally and equally
④ Chin Woo concept of Words and Deeds:
To justify one's behaviour and manners with his words and deeds
⑤ Chin Woo concept of Trustworthiness:
To honour every pledge and promise
⑥ Chin Woo concept of Punctuality:
To be punctual in appointment seek and no pardon
⑦ Chin Woo concept of Justice:
To uphold justice impartially
⑧ Chin Woo concept of Service:
To serve and not to be served
⑨ Chin Woo concept of Welfare:
To give and not to take
⑩ Chin Woo concept of Fraternity:
To love others and self like brothers

8. 8
1.2 History of Chin Woo Stadium
1920
- Chin Woo School was formed and was built on Pasar Road
1930s
- Chin Woo Sports Association was formed
- Established many aims such as building a stadium
- Unfortunately all activities stopped due to World War II.
1947
- Gathered enough funds to purchase the land which the stadium currently stands on
- The Board Committee devoted fully into building a new stadium
1950s
- The new building for Chin Woo School Pasar Road was completed
- Name of the school changed to SJK(C) CHIN WOO under the aid of the government
with the amount of approximately 1800 students
- Chin Woo Stadium began construction and was completed in 1953
- The opening was officiated by Sir Mc Donald, the then High Commissioner of Great
Britain
- A year later, the construction of the Olympic sized swimming pool was completed
and added to the stadium facilities
- The number of members slowly increased to the thousands and selected National
representatives started to train in Chin Woo
- Many names were given by the locals such as Chin Woo Shan which means Chin Woo
Hill as it were its golden ages
1970s
- Chin Woo sold a few of its properties to cope with rising expenses and was faced
with huge debts
- Many activities had to stop due to budget cuts
- Chin Woo Court was built and use as its main source of income and eventually the
debts were settled
- Until today, Chin Woo Athletic Association Selangor and Kuala Lumpur continues to
conduct many activities such as Martial Arts, Recreational Culture, Swimming, and
sports

9. 9
1.3 The Architect
)
Dato' Y. T. Lee, also Lee Yoon Thim was a Malaysian Chinese architect active in
Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s and 1960s. He helped ‘Build Merdeka’ after Malaysian
Independence, 1963. He moved into elite circles, and held several positions in the national
government and in the Chinese community. He was a close friend to Prime Minister Tuanku
Abdul Rahman and other political figures.
He designed several of Kuala Lumpur's landmark buildings, such as: Chin Woo
Stadium, UMNO building, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Federal Hotel, Kampung Baru
Mosque, Ar-Rahman Mosque and the Masjid Al-Ubudiyah. In addition to his famous
mosques in Kuala Lumpur, he also worked on Middle Eastern and Islamic architecture
projects such as Masjid Al- Ubudiyah in Hulu Selangor which is opened in 1960. When this
masjid was built, there was no electricity. However, it has since been used as a teaching
place by the locals.
In the early 1960s, a series of honours came his way: in 1960, he was granted the
appellation of P.J.K.; in 1961, he was honoured as Justice of Peace and J.M.N in 1962; he
was honoured as Dato' in 1964, an honorific similar to the British "Sir".
(Image-from-
http://www.chinwoo.org.my)
(Image-from-
www.sleeplessinkl.com)
(Image-from-
www.beautifulmosque.com)

10. 10
2.0 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
(by Wong Zhen Fai 0317890)
2.1 Site Accessibility
Chin Woo Stadium can only be accessed by Jalan Hang Jebat. The path is a 2-lane
asphalt road which then diverges into 2 directions; continuation of main road and a
narrower 1-lane road which leads to the stadium. The narrow path then ascends on a slope
and ends at the top of the hill where the stadium is located.
Figure-1.0 – Traffic-flow-of-Jalan-Hang-Jebat
Figure-1.1 – Site-accessibility (Map-from-Google-Maps)
UPHILL TOWARDS
CHIN WOO STADIUM

11. 11
There are several noticeable landmarks along the path that has made the stadium
easier to locate. Upon arriving at Jalan Hang Jebat (facing Northwest), the eye-catching
architecture of Stadium Negara stands out on the left whereas an SJK(C) school with
prominent pediments can be seen on the right. Once further down the road near the
crossroads, several signs and banners of the Malaysian Basketball Association (MABA)
building can be easily spotted. After turning into the narrow path at the foot of the hill, a
seafood restaurant can be seen. Up until this point, poor planning has resulted in minimal
signs showing the direction towards Chin Woo Stadium. The stadium is only visible after
reaching the end of the slope. Site accessibility is poor due to the fact that the stadium is
tucked away on a hill covered by trees and is not visible from the road.
Figure-1.2 – Building-landmarks-nearby (Map-from-Google-Maps)
1
2
21
CHIN WOO
STADIUM
STADIUM
NEGARA
STADIUM
MERDEKA
SJK(C) JALAN
DAVIDSON
MABA SEAFOOD
RESTAURAN
TT

12. 12
Figure-1.3 – SJK(C) -Jalan-Davidson-and-its-prominent-pediments (Image from
www.panaromio.com)
Figure-1.4 – Stadium-Negara (Image-from-www.myphotoeye.info)
Figure-1.5-– Malaysian-Basketball-Association-MABA (Image-from-Google-Street-View)

13. 13
2.2 Building Accessibility
Upon reaching the parking lot, the façade of the stadium is clearly visible. The
approach to the stadium is a frontal approach. It directs the viewer’s attention towards the
main entrance with the entrance acting as the visual goal that terminates the approach.
Therefore, the main entrance (facing northwest) is clear to the users resulting in a good
building accessibility.
Figure-1.6 – View-from-the
parking-lot (Photo-by-
Wong-Zhen-Fai)
Figure-1.7 – Frontal-
approach (Photo-by-Wong-
Zhen-Fai)

14. 14
2.3 Local Climate
Before-analysing-the-building-response-to-climate, -we-must-first-understand-the-
tropical climate-of-Malaysia.
Hot and humid throughout the year, the local average temperature ranges between
25 to 35 degrees. The temperature is usually warmer in urban areas due to the warm air
trapped inside the cities whereas the surrounding islands and coastal areas are much cooler
and blessed with cool breezes, thus attracting numerous tourists.
Figure-1.9 – Temperature-graph-of-KL (Diagram-from-www.weather-and-climate.com)
2.3.1 Monsoon Season
Malaysia has 2 major monsoon seasons and 2 inter-monsoon seasons.
Southwest Monsoon: The season begins around May and ends in September with light
prevailing wind (<15 knots) from the southwest.
Northeast Monsoon: The season begins in early November and ends in March with steady
wind (10-20 knots) from the northeast.
Inter-monsoon: These 2 short seasons occur in between the 2 major monsoons with light
and variable winds.
Figure-2.0 – Direction-of-monsoon-seasons (Map-from-
http://forums.osclass.org/themes/need-malaysia-rollover-map/)
Northeast
Monsoon
Southeast
Monsoon

15. 15
2.4 Climate Response
Most local buildings have employed a variety of strategies to cope with the hot and humid
climate of Malaysia. Since Chin Woo Stadium is situated on the top of a hill, it will naturally
be fully exposed to the intensity of the-Sun especially during peak hours. To avoid the
increase in interior temperature, the stadium has incorporated several solutions.
Figure-2.1 – Sun-p Figure-2.1 – Sun-peak-intensity-(Map-from-Google-Maps)
2.4.1 Cantilevered window shades
11am 2pm
SUN-PEAK-INTENSITY
Figure-2.2 – Cantilevered window shades-(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

16. 16
2.4.2 Natural ventilation
As Chin-Woo-Stadium is an indoor sports stadium and air conditioning was
uncommon in the 50s, ventilation portholes and slits were the only rational way of cooling
the interior.
Figure-2.4 – Sunlight-+-Shade-diagram
As less sunlight enters through the
windows into the building, the interior
temperature naturally cools down, thus,
increasing user comfort.
VENTILATION SLITS
Figure-2.3 – Cantilevered window shades-(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
These slits direct wind into
the stadium hall
Figure-2.5 – Exterior view of ventilation slits (Photo
from www.skyscrapercity.com)
WINDOW
SHADED AREA

17. 17
Figure-2.6 – Interior view of ventilation slits (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Figure-2.7 – Ventilation slits-(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Instead of just placing ventilation slits on the higher section of the hall, ventilation
portholes were also placed on the lower sections to further improve the natural ventilation.
Figure-2.8 – Interior view of ventilation portholes-(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
VENTILATION SLITS

18. 18
Figure-2.9 – Ventilation portholes-(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
The building orientation plays an important role in channelling sufficient air towards
the interior of the stadium. The stadium is orientated to have the long edge of the building
facing the wind directions. This is to have as many ventilation slits and portholes to face the
wind directions as possible.
Figure-3.0 – Building orientation + Wind direction-(Map-from-Google-Maps)
NORTHEAST WIND
SOUTHWEST WIND
PORTHOLES & SLITS

19. 19
2.5 Relationship of Building to Surroundings
Figure-3.1 – Ariel view of the 3 stadiums-(Image from www.skyscraper.com)
DIFFERENCES CHIN WOO STADIUM STADIUM NEGARA STADIUM MERDEKA
YEAR 1953 1962 1957
STYLE ART DECO BRUTALISM EXPRESSIONISM
ARCHITECT Y. T. LEE STANLEY JEWKES STANLEY JEWKES
INITIAL
FUNCTION
SPORTS FACILITIES THOMAS CUP MERDEKA
CAPACITY <2000 10,000 25,000
Figure-3.2 – Differences between the 3 stadiums
SIMILARITIES CHIN WOO STADIUM STADIUM NEGARA STADIUM MERDEKA
PERIOD 50s MODERN PERIOD EARLY 60s
MODERN PERIOD
50s
MODERN PERIOD
STYLE
CATEGORY
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
LOCATION PETALING HILL PETALING HILL PETALING HILL
Figure-3.3 – Similarities between the 3 stadiums
Despite the differences in capacity and initial purpose, the 3 stadiums are closely similar in
several aspects. All 3 were built after the modern architecture breakthrough in the 50s to be
served as a national identity after gaining independence. Chin Woo Stadium is located on
Petaling Hill along with Stadium Merdeka and Stadium Negara. After gaining independence
for Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman had intended Petaling Hill to be the acropolis of Kuala
Lumpur, serving as a public space where the people can gather in harmony. However, Chin
Woo Stadium is relatively overshadowed by the colossal size of the other 2 stadiums and
their popularity.

20. 20
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
(by Tan Wen Hao 0319923)
3.1 Introduction
Chin woo stadium is constructed in 1953, as an example of Art Deco period
architecture with decorative motifs complete with the requisite vertical elements, a
squarish clock tower, whose prominence was tempered by its somewhat modernist
starkness. The layout of the stadium, as what is seen, a rounded rectangle in shape. In this
building, we can see that the master architect – Dato Y.T Lee is trying to play around from
geometry shapes and curvy edges, to little construction details like window openings and
floor tiles. He is trying to bring every essence of art deco architecture into the building. We
knew that the physical and spiritual philosophy of Chin Woo was first introduced to Malaya
in the 1920 and founded in Shanghai in 1910s, and the architect, as well, wanted the
building to completely take over the late modern shanghai theatre look which was brought
into Malaysia in the early 1930s, as part of the international art deco style.
1
2
6
5
3
4
8
Floor plan of Chin woo stadium (Scale: NTS)
(drawn by Tan Wen Hao)
Roof plan of Chin woo stadium (Scale: NTS)
(drawn by Tan Wen Hao)
5) Semi-circle administration buidling
6) Multi-layered curved rectangle roof
7) Stadium interior
8) Clock tower
1) Stairs of administration building
2) Entrance to stadium hall
3) Spectator/audience seats
4) Stage

21. 21
3
3.2 Elevations (Façades) analysis
The front part of the stadium is a half-circular building, and the exterior is lavish with Art
Deco elements and details. The corner of the building is truncated to serve as the
frontispiece. This curved façade is the main entrance of the building with a symmetrical
wing on each side forming a curved corner. The administration office occupies this part of
the building. The building is three stories in total, where the second floor leads to the
projection room and upper level entrance to the stadium. The third floor houses the storage
room, multi-purpose hall and meeting room.
Multi-layered roof Stage Stairs of administration
building (Picture taken from www.skyscrapercity.com)
2 8 5
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
1
2
Strong sense of vertical
& horizontal elements
Clock tower
emphasizing right
corner of building
Flagpoles
Curvy edged stairs
Front elevation of Chin woo stadium (Scale: NTS)
(drawn by Tan Wen Hao)

22. 22
The scale of the entrance level to upper level is 1:2, it is intended so that the entrance are
scaled to the dimensions of the façade and can be seen and recognized at a distance as the
entrances to the interior space, this scale corresponds to the main function of the building –
a stadium. The size and proportion of larger-scale windows in the upper level affects the
overall dimension of the façade, indirectly help lengthen the height of the stadium, visually.
From frontispiece of building, symmetry can be seen and the flagpoles and logo signboard
accentuate the symmetry line. Strong sense horizontal and vertical elements can be found
at the exterior of the building that define typical Art Deco, also help elongate the height of
the building, both visually and physically, with a clock tower emphasizing a corner.
3.2.1 Façade details
3.3 Organization analysis
Flagpoles (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Prominent pylons, or flagpoles can
be identified at the main entrance
with the concrete canopy on
shanghai plastering projects out to
accentuate the entry.
Metal grilled glass window
Art deco inspired window
grilles are decorated with
Chinese lattice motifs.
Clock tower (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Art deco styled clock tower is
being built emphasizing a
corner with shanghai plastered
roof. Seiko clock is placed on all
facades of clock tower.
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
1,4
3
2
Side elevation of Chin woo stadium (Scale: NTS)
(drawn by Tan Wen Hao)
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

23. 23
1. Horizontality and verticality: Viewed as the most significant feature of Art Deco
architecture, continuous and dense parallel lines can be seen from each facades, in
both direction, horizontally and vertically.
2. Hierarchy: The roofs of the stadium is built in hierarchy form, from big to small
upwards, help shaping the visual of façade and volume of interior of stadium as well,
to give a sense of flow in space.
3. Symmetry: Chin woo stadium is built in obvious symmetry of two circle of same
sizes, linked with a rectangle which eventually form a proportionate curved
rectangle. Symmetry can also be seen both horizontally and vertically on both side of
stadium. Streamline Moderne is significant in the hall, offering the users to view the
stadium from top to bottom in left and right simultaneously.
4. Proportion/Scale: The curved beams in the building transmit their loads from
horizontally across space to vertically foundation support. The size and proportion
are directly related to the structural task they perform, we can see that the gap
between each beams are equal and proportionate and able to support the whole
structure.
Roof and floor plan of Chin woo stadium (Scale: NTS)
(drawn by Tan Wen Hao)

24. 24
Primary circulation space Secondary circulation space Private space
The whole stretch of
stadium seating defines
comfortable, human-scale
areas within the stadium.
Also, the stadium is built
curved rectangled so that
when users sit in any
corner of the stadium,
there is no dead angles and
view is well transited in a
circular manner.
The stadium hall is
relatively enormous in
space volume, the high
ceiling improve the
quality of light and
sound within the space.
The colour used in the
hall affects the scale of
the building as well as
aesthetic visual quality;
light and cool colours
are mostly used for eye
comfort.
Light fenestration is
constantly enveloping
through to the
stadium, at different
angle depending on
position of the sun, to
prevent the stadium
being too gloomy and
dark, giving users
pleasant and cosy feel.
The clock tower provide
attention to the surrounding
as Chin Woo stadium is built
on higher ground (a hill), the
height of the tower is in
contrast with the stadium,
making it a focal point.
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Front entrance act as
secondary circulation
space, which is more
enclosed and narrow
then other spaces, as
it encourages user for
forward motion, with
the help of the
diverging stairs.

25. 25
3.5 Circulation to use space (Public space vs. private space)
Circulation pattern in the stadium hall depends on the function given from day to day,
as categorized and summarized below:
• Daily activities: as badminton court, martial arts training ground
• Private events: As Wedding hall, Meeting hall
• Public events: As Exhibition hall, Convention hall, Concert or Play venue
However, regardless of the type of function of event, the publics are eventually using
the same entrance and exit.
Type of circulation space available in Chin Woo stadium:
• Enclosed: Private spaces like corridors on both side of stadium, storage room,
administration office and backstage
• Open on one side: Stadium hall
• Open on both side: Entrance area
Open space: Parking space and open balcony
Corridors beside stadium Stadium hall passageway Entrance to administration building
Open balcony beside stadium
(Photo by Tan Wen Hao) (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai) (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photo by Tan Wen Hao)

26. 26
Enclosed area like corridors on both side of stadium relates to the spaces it links through
entrances in a wall plane. Stadium hall provides visual and spatial continuity with the spaces
it link. Entrance area, which is open on both sides forming a colonnaded passageway
becomes a physical extension of the space it passes through.
The width and height of circulation space is proportionate with the type and amount of
movement it handle. For example, the stadium hall is highest and broadest in height and
volume to handle large number of human circulation. Entrance area, respectively, is a
narrow and enclosed as it encourages forward motion.
Enclosed corridors
Stadium
passageway
Front entrance
Backstage
and storage
room
Stadium hall (Primary circulation)
Entrance area (Secondary circulation)
Toilet and storage room (Tertiary
circulation)
Circulation space range (public events)
Circulation space range (private events)
Circulation space range (daily activities)
Secondary circulation space range
(Entrance area)
From above diagram, we can see that circulation space range affects the circulation
pattern. However, by looking at the space range we know that spaces are built wide and
broad so that users can move freely, therefore there is no fixed circulation pattern.
Circulation diagram (Scale: NTS) (drawn by Tan Wen Hao)

27. 27
3.5.1 Stairs
Stairs at entrance provide vertical movement between outdoor space and indoor space. The
curvy edging staircase in front of the entrance is wide and shallow, which serve as an
invitation, a welcoming staircase. The size of the entrance and stairs also help giving users
an idea of large the stadium is.
3.5.2 Entrance hall
3.5.3 Front Façade
When entering the entrance hall, we can notice the scale of
the entrance door is small comparing to the façade, this is
to limit the visual and physical access between two
adjacent space, reinforce the individuality of each space,
and accommodate their difference. The stairways leading
to upper floors give users an idea of the vertical dimension
of the room as well as suggest a human presence.
Art deco stairs at entrance
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Entrance hall
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Front façade
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
The circulation from surrounding to the
stadium is frontal approach. The visual goal
that terminates the approach is clear;
Entrance is elaborated within front façade.

28. 28
4.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
(by Yong Yu Joon 0318299)
4.1 Introduction to Art Deco style
Art Deco was known as one of the most influential design movements in modern art
from 1925 till the 1940s. Iconic examples with these geometric designs include the Chrysler
Building and Rockerfeller Center in New York City.
Chrysler Building Rockerfeller Center
Art Deco embraced all types of art similar to the earlier Arts and Crafts
Movement, Art Nouveau and Bauhaus Design School. Art Deco style was characterized by
smooth lines, geometric shapes, streamlined forms and bright colours and employed
expensive materials such as silver, crystal and ivory. However, the Great Depression made it
turn to cheaper and mass produced materials like chrome, plastics and other industrial
items to suit the growing middle class for a more elegant and functional design.
Barcelona Chair (1929), Mies Van Der Rohe Airline Chair (1934-1935), Kem Weber
(Image-from-www.aviewoncities.com) (Image-from-http://gaees.com)
(Images-from-www.iconicinteriors.com) (Images-from-http://www.tfo.upm.es)

29. 29
There were several major art styles of the early 20th
century that heavily influenced Art deco
which includes:
1) Cubism: One of the most influential visual art styles of the early twentieth century. It
was created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
It focuses on the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents.
Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) Georges Braque (1882–1963)
2) Constructivism: An artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia
beginning in 1919 and was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. It combines
assorted mechanical objects into abstract mobile structural forms.
(Image-from-www.wikiart.org) (Image-from-www.wikiart.org)
Crucifixion (1930), Pablo Picasso
(Image-from-eve1748.wordpress.com)
Musical Instruments (1908), Georges
Braque (Image-from-www.wikiart.org)
Novyi Lef (1928),
Alexandr Rodchenko
(Image from-
www.pintrest.com)
Portrait of a
Philosopher (1915),
Lyubov Popova
(Image from-
www.pintrest.com)

30. 30
3) Futurism: An artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th
century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth and violence and objects such as
the car, the aeroplane and the industrial city. It was also derived from cubism and
used to represent fast movement and dynamic motion.
Skyscrapers and Tunnels (1930), Fortunato Depero
4) Vorticism: A short-lived modernist movement in British art and poetry of the early
20th century, partly inspired by Cubism. The movement was announced in 1914 and
uses the concept of vortexes.
The Mud Path (1914), David Bomberg
(Image-from-www.wikipedia.org)
(Image from-exhibitions.guggenheim.org)
Untitled (1920), Ugo Giantassio
(Image from-www.pintrest.com)
Composition (1913), Wyndham Lewis
(Image-from-www.wikipedia.org)

31. 31
4.2 Art Moderne in Chin Woo Stadium
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
A later stage of Art Deco which emerged in the 1930s after World War II which
emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines and nautical elements. It was the first to
incorporate electric lights into the architectural structure. As you can see, Chin Woo
Stadium possesses a low horizontal shape as well as a streamline appearance along with
curved edges. This was made possible due to technological advancements during that time
which gives it an aerodynamic look.
4.2.1 Façade
Vertical tower (Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai) Flat Roof (Photo-from www.skyscrapercity.com)
Vertical towers are actually more of an
Art Deco trait which is a previous form
of Art Moderne.
Flat roofs are present in Art
Moderne structures to maintain
a flat, horizontal form.

32. 32
Horizontally Arranged Row Windows Vertical Columns
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai) (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Metal Casement Windows Horizontal Bandings
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai) (Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
Metal casements were used to
frame windows because it also
became a mass produced item
after the Industrial Revolution
besides being strong and sturdy.
These bandings are placed to visually create a rapid
movement effect which is heavily emphasized in Art
Moderne.
There was an extensive use of glass in Art
Moderne structures during that time because
it was a mass produced material after the
Industrial Revolution.
Commonly used as a support structure in
buildings during the era.

33. 33
4.2.2 Interior
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
The interior of Chin Woo stadium has an open floor plan. This is a prominent feature
in Art Deco buildings to function as performing spaces during the early 1900s to encourage
the performing arts. The interior walls are also mostly painted in clean white or bright
colours.
Eyebrows are typically
placed above the
windows and columns
slightly below the roof.
Provides slight shelter.
Art Moderne usually featured
nautical elements which
include metal railings like
these that were normally
placed on rooftops.
Ship Railings
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Eyebrow
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

34. 34
Iron Railing Porthole Ventilation Shaft
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai) (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Geometric Textile Ornaments
(Photo-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photos-by-Wong Zhen Fai)
The interior of Chin Woo stadium is made up of many brightly coloured ceramic textiles
such as ceramic, terrazzo and parquet style tiles.
Similar to the whiplash line used during Art
Nouveau influenced by use of new materials during
the 19th
century and inspired by organic structures.
One of the nautical elements inspired by porthole
windows on ships.
A square geometric ornament
with Chinese Influence at the
entrance to the main hall.

35. 35
4.3 Comparison of Architectural Style
Central market is also another Art Deco masterpiece located in the Klang Valley. The
structure was completed in 1937 and was also designed by the same architect, which was
Dato Lee Yoon Thim. It was built in the more original style of Art Deco compared to the
more recent style of Art Moderne in Chin Woo Stadium. This building finished its
construction 4 years after Chin Woo and is also a post Merdeka modern building.
Similarities: Both the structures though slightly different have and Art Deco base design
style. Both the structures have a strong sense of vertical and horizontal lines. Besides that,
both have symmetrical facades with a flag or symbol in the middle and incorporate the use
of Shanghai plaster as Dato Lee Yoon Thim is inspired by Chinese architecture. A vertical
structure is also present in both buildings, for Chin Woo it is the clock tower while for
central market it is the white painted part of the façade. Furthermore, the use of metal
framed windows are used in both facades due to the effects of the industrial revolution.
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai) (Photo from www.wolffchronicles.com)

36. 36
Difference: The main difference between the two buildings is that the Art Moderne styled
Chin Woo Stadium has a streamline aerodynamic shape while the façade of the Central
Market is more geometrical and angular. This makes the shape of the stadium entirely
curved while the market is shaped as a trapezium. Central Market also has geometrical
ornaments on its façade while Chin Woo has smooth horizontal bandings.
Metal Windows and Malaysian flag at Central market
(Photo from www.wolffchronicles.com)
Central Market Plan
(Photo from blog.audioguidemalaysia.com) (Photo from www.centralmarket.com.my)
Geometrical Ornaments

37. 37
5.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
(by Tang Ze Zheng 0318967)
5.0.1 Style
-Art Deco
-Art Modern Construction
5.1 Structural System in Chin Woo stadium
Chin Woo Stadium used the traditional steel superstructure with concrete caissons
transferring building loads to the bedrock. This is one of the popular methods being used for
Art Deco buildings. The concrete slabs are supporting the floor and roof gravity loads on
composite steel deck, resting on wide flange beams and girders and transferred to the
foundation by wide flange columns.
Old photo of Chin Woo Stadium (Photo from www.skyscrapercity.com)

38. 38
5.1.1 Floor
The building used Concrete Waffle Raft Slab during the construction. A waffle raft
slab is a two- way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two directions. Waffle slabs are able to
carry heavier loads and span longer distances than flat slabs.
First, the site was excavated to place the form work and prepare for slab bedding.
Next, the steel reinforced mesh was added to have a very high compressive strength which
was able to take loads from the entire buildings and transmit the superimposed to the
support system. The reinforced mesh was placed before the mixing of concrete then the
pouring of the slabs. The concrete was cut into 2cm groove into the slabs of every 150cm to
create control joint to prevent crack.
Detail of waffle raft slab Waffles Slab
Parquet wooden floor (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Concrete cement floor (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

39. 39
5.1.2 Columns
The building loads are transferred to the foundation through wide- flange columns.
Loads also transferred to the foundation via base plates. Base plate dimensions are varied
with column dimensions to allow sufficient rooms around the columns for the anchor bolts.
The steel frame bears on precisely located foundation elements that are incorporated into
existing building foundation system. The foundation is a design of cast-in-place concrete
pads and strips supplemented with steel screw piles and concrete micro pile.
Details of the Column
5.1.3 Beams
Curved beams are used in Chin Woo Stadium to support the 3 layers of flat roof.
Curved beam in Chin Woo Stadium (Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

40. 40
5.1.4 Walls
Majority of wall in the buildings are loads bearing walls. There are three types of
walls which used for Chin Woo Stadium which is cast- in situ concrete wall, Masonry wall
and dry wall.
5.1.4.1 In Situ Wall
Timber formwork with steel reinforcement mixed into form bar. Next, pour the
concrete into the formwork and remove the formwork when it is cure. The design and the
appearance of the walls are able to manipulated by using formwork admixture and
addictive. The walls are joint and filled with in situ concrete. These materials are able to
bear the loads of large window area. The finishes of the walls are Shanghai plaster, the
purpose of using Shanghai plaster is to withstand the local climate weather and create a
stone texture on the walls. Besides, it uses natural pebbles and marbles chipping.
5.1.4.2 Masonry Walls
These walls are used for the interior of the stadium. Masonry is one of the oldest
and popular materials for wall construction in Malaysia. The materials offer great flexibility
and appearance for the building. It is able to bear the loads from windows and doors by
transferring the loads to the floor slabs.
5.1.4.3 Dry Walls
Photos by Wong Zhen Fai
Some interior part of the
stadium is using dry walls.
It can be found in the
podium to divide the
space using wall track,
metal studs and gypsum
boards. Some part are
using acoustic insulation
wall to provide better
sound insulation in the
buildings.

41. 41
5.1.5 Roof
The roofing used in the stadium is retro roofing. The aim of using retro roofing is to
enhance the thermal efficiency of the building by adding insulation due to the stadium is
located on high ground and exposed to the sunlight. Retro roof is able to keep the interior of
the stadium cool. The installation of the roof starts with joining the roof trusses through the
existing steel frame structure of the building. After that, it was built up layer by layer until
the third layers.
Roof of Chin Woo Stadium (from www.skyscrapercity.com)
Roof Details
Interior of Chin Woo Stadium (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

42. 42
5.2 Building Materials used in Chin Woo Stadium
5.2.1 Concrete Blocks
The stadium was mainly built with concrete blocks. Concrete block are made with
sand, cement and gravel. With concrete blocks, the limitation of traditional bricks and
mortar construction could be disregarded.
5.2.2 Shanghai plaster
Most of the walls in the stadium are coated with Shanghai plaster, a kind of shiny
acrylic paint. Shanghai plaster are strong in water proofing.
Back in the time, stone are expensive in Malaysia. Shanghai plaster became the
substitute of stone to create a stone cladding texture on the walls. Shanghai plaster was a
technology from China since 1930, where Shanghai became a great place of Art Deco style
architecture.
Shanghai plaster applied on the wall (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Front Façade of Chin Woo Stadium (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

43. 43
5.2.3 Ceramic Tiles
The staircase in the stadium is using mosaic ceramic tiles. Ceramic tiles are made of
porcelain, glass, stones and ceramic.
5.2.4 Stucco
Stucco is a popular material for Art Deco architecture. Some exterior of Chin Woo
Stadium are using stucco. The reason stucco are popular is because the materials are cheap
and it is a readily available materials back in those days.
Stucco is a mortar mixture for siding. Stucco is made of cement, lime, water and
sand. The mixtures are applied on specially prepared masonry surfaces.
5.2.5 Terrazzo
Terrazzo was used for the staircases in Chin Woo Stadium. The handrails of the
stairs are using standard terrazzo. Standard terrazzo is made of relatively small stone chip
and typically ground and polished. Next, rustic terrazzo was used for the steps of the stairs
to prevent slippery. Rustic terrazzo is a uniformly textured finishes where the binder is
recessed from the chips.
Ceramics tiles in Chin Woo Stadium (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Applying stucco Stucco applied on the buildings (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

44. 44
5.2.6 Polyester carpet and wooden groove acoustic panel
Polyester Carpet and wooden groove acoustic panel are used in the main hall for
sound proof purpose. Sound proof is necessary for the interior as the stadium often having
huge events like ceremony, wedding dinner and sports competition.
The flooring of the main hall are using parquet wooden floor. Parquet wooden floor
is a strong and suitable for sport flooring materials. The flooring material made the main hall
able to function as badminton court.
Terrazzo in Chin Woo Stadium
(photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Staircase in Chin Woo Stadium
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Wooden groove acoustic panel (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Polyester Carpet (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Main hall with parquet wooden floor (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

45. 45
5.3 Comparison of building construction
5.3.1 Comparison of Chin Woo Stadium and Highbury Square Stadium
Similarity: Both of the stadiums are made up of steel superstructure with concrete caissons
transferring building loads to bedrock, this is one of the popular method used in the Art
Deco buildings. Highbury Square Stadium has 6 storey steel frames, while Chin Woo Stadium
has 3 Storey steel frames. The steel frame can still be seen in the interior of Highbury
Stadium while Chin Woo hides the steel frame completely out of the sight of users. Both of
the stadiums cover the superstructures using masonries façade. Besides, both building are
using situ concrete.
Differences: The constructions of roof are different between these two buildings due to the
climate differences in the country. The construction of the roof of Highbury Stadium will be
more slanted compare to Chin Woo Stadium to reduce the pressure of the roof when snows
accumulate above the roof. And allow the snows to be slip off the roof. The flat roof in Chin
Woo Stadium keeps the interior of the building cool by using Retro Roofing. Next, Chin Woo
Stadium has a curvy facade while the Highbury Stadium have simpler flat cubic facade
Chin Woo Stadium (photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Highbury Square Stadium
Curved facade of Chin Woo Stadium
(photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
Flat facade of Highbury Square Stadium

46. 46
6.0 ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS
(by Toh Kean Hou 0319575)
6.1 Flooring – Parquet Flooring
Parquet flooring is the name given to a type of flooring which owes the origins of its name
to the French word parqueterie and dates back to the mid to late 1600’s. Parquet flooring is
different from the usual hardwood floor because instead of wooden slacks laid slide by side,
parquet uses small pieces of wood arranged in decorative patterns; so you do not only get
the inherent beauty of wood grain, you will also have a mosaic effect on your floor. Parquet
typically laid in regular and geometric, angular shapes, you will see squares, triangles and
lozenges featuring strongly in traditional parquet flooring. That said, stars and sun effects
are also commonly found.
Main-Hall-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
Parquet flooring is used as the main finishing for flooring in Chin Woo Stadium. Almost
entire floor of the hall were covered with parquet. The main hall are mainly use for sports
mostly are badminton but sometimes the hall will also be rented out for events.
The staircase that used to
access to the seats is also
covered with parquet.

47. 47
Window-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
6.2 Windows - Bow windows
A bow window is a curved bay window it is designed to create space by projecting beyond
the exterior wall of building. It is made up of a series of windows joined together and
formed a graceful curves, choose fixed windows, or any combination of venting windows.
Traditionally it is a picture window flanked by smaller windows at specific angles. Bow
windows are typically used to create a small nook, open up a view, or simply add interesting
space to a room. It is also an alcove of a room, projecting from outside will and having its
own windows, especially one having its own foundation.
Front-elevation-of-Chin-Woo-stadium-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
The form of Chin Woo Stadium is in half circular shape, upper floor is covered with bow
windows that form a semi-circular curve. The bow window in facing the view of the town, it
enables people to have a panoramic city view.
The windows in the other hand consist three as a set
with a fixed window in the centre joined with two
casement windows at the side. The material of the
windows is wrought iron casement with plain blue
green stained glass.

48. 48
Steps – Half-circular-shape-steps
Staircase-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai) Staircase-(Photo-by Wong-Zhen-Fai)
6.3 Staircase - U-Stairs
A U-shaped stairway consists of multiple straight flights of stairs with two turns (usually
close to 90 degrees) between each floor level. It basically forms a rectangular semi-helix,
with climbers required to walk a short distance from the top of one flight to the bottom of
the next. This form can be built around a central core, an open shaft, or a wide open space.
This configuration does not include stairways with stairs running in only 2 directions,
separated by a long landing, even though they may form a U-shape. Such a form would be
considered a very wide hairpin staircase. The defining feature of this form is that stairs run
in 3 directions of a quadrilateral.
Entrance-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
There are two staircases in the entrance of the main hall are U-stairs this makes the entrance looks
more grand and big. Other than that, the materials of the staircase are covered with ceramic tiles.
However the handrails are made out of wood and terrazzo.
Staircases-of-the-hall

49. 49
Entrance-to-the-hall-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
Other than the staircase there are different component of staircases in Chin Woo stadium
too.
• The steps that connect to the seats area. The step type is known as open two sides.
The handrail has the curvy flower design. The handrail is made out of wrought iron
and the staircase is covered with parquet.
• The steps that connects office area to the main hall. The step is known as half
circular shaped steps, it is covered with ceramic tiles.
• The steps that connects entrance to the office area. The step is known as half circular
shaped steps, it is covered with small pebbles tiles.
Entrance-(Photo-by Wong-Zhen-Fai)

50. 50
6.4 Roof - Flat Roof
A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The
slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately
10°. Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to
be used as a living space or a living roof. In a flat roof, the waterproofing is always
supported by a structural roof deck. This is usually a timber boarding of some type, which in
turn is supported on joists.
Front-façade-of-Chin-Woo-stadium-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
The Chin Woo Stadium is in a form of semi-circular shape. The roof of the stadium is flat roof, that
makes the semi-circular shape looks more arch and also making it different form.
Perspective of-Chin-Woo-stadium-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
Other perspective of Chin Woo Stadium

51. 51
6.5 Walls
6.5.1 Small pebbles tiles covered wall
The stadium wall is covered with small pebbles tiles which are formed with small pebbles
tiles. The small pebbles tiles are usually used on floor and bath room but the stadium
covered it with the external used. The surface of the small pebbles tiles is very rough and it
is formed with small pebbles stones.
Front-part-of-Chin-Woo-stadium-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
The building is mostly covered with this kind of tiles which makes the building looks more
unique and attractive.
Small-pebble-tiles-(Photo-by Wong-Zhen-Fai)
6.5.2 Timber Wall
These walls are covered with timber which making it looks sync with the interior of the hall.
Timber can also absorb sound and also reduce the amount of energy used to heat and
operate a building.
Interior-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)

52. 52
6.5.3 Plastic wall
In the hall there is also plastic covered wall the function of it also to absorb sounds in
the hall. The plastic wall contains porthole shape it is used as ventilation in the main hall.
There is one long row of it at the both side of the stadium. It is important to reduce carbon
dioxide in the hall.
6.6 Fenestration-in Chin Woo Stadium
Porthole shape
Fenestration is the design and disposition of
windows and other exterior openings of a
building. It can also mean by a perforation in a
structure, an operation to effects such an
opening.
Interior-(Photo-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)
Part-of-Chin-Woo-stadium-(Photos-by –Wong-Zhen-Fai)

53. 53
6.7 Shading of Chin Woo Stadium
The use of sun control and shading devices is an important aspect of many energy-efficient
building design strategies. In particular, buildings that employ passive solar
heating or daylight often depend on well-designed sun control and shading devices. The
design of effective shading devices will depend on the solar orientation of a particular
building facade. For example, simple fixed overhangs are very effective at shading south-
facing windows in the summer when sun angles are high. However, the same horizontal
device is ineffective at blocking low afternoon sun from entering west-facing windows.
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)
(Photo by Wong Zhen Fai)

54. 54
7.0 Conclusion
For this project, we are required to conduct a site visit on a specific building and further
analyse the architecture, we felt honoured to visit one of the most historic and prestigious
building in KL city – Chin woo stadium, the first stadium with full-sized Olympic pool. As we
further analyse the building, we get to know the design intention of the architect,
construction technique during that period, from there we learn from the past and improve
ourselves. We also learnt to analyse and identify specific architectural features of the
stadium and document architectural heritage in the form of writings, descriptive diagrams
and photography. We find it really interesting as we look back into the history and
understand how art deco being brought into Malaysia and create an architectural timeline
in Malaysian history. Our group had a really great bonding and chemistry doing this project.
We are really thankful that we had this opportunity to understand a part of Malaysian
architectural culture.

55. 55
Reference
Books:
• Architectural heritage: Kuala Lumpur-Pre-Merdeka. (2007). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian
Institute of Architects.
• Ching, F. (1996). Architecture: Form, space & order (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
• Chin, K., & Chen, V. (2003). Landmarks of Selangor. Kuala Lumpur: Jugra Publications.
• Brooker, G., & Stone, S. (2008).Context environment. Lausanne: AVA Academia.
• The architectural heritage of Selangor (2012 ed.). (1962). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.
• D.K, Ching, F. (2001). Building Construction Illustration (Third ed.). John Wiley &
Sons.
Websites:
• Malaysian Architecture - Kuala Lumpur Buildings - e-architect. (n.d.). Retrieved
November 17, 2015, from http://www.e-architect.co.uk/malaysian-architecture
• (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from
http://www.parracity.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/93250/Urban_Conte
xt_Analysis.pdf
• 雪隆精武体育会. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from
http://www.chinwoo.org.my/cn/home.php
• Chin woo stadium. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2015, from
http://www.slideshare.net/zhijun/chin-woo-stadium
• Understanding Human Scale and the Importance of its Relationship with Enclosure.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2015, from
http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/handle/10063/2367
• Art Deco | art movement. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from
http://global.britannica.com/art/Art-Deco
• ART DECO .: Malaysia :. - SkyscraperCity. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=101916