Culture and History II - Porject II

School of Architecture, Building and Design
Bachelor of Science (HONS) in Architecture
Architecture Culture & History II (ARC 60203)
Project II: Report
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Tutor: Ms.Shahriane
No. Name Student ID
1 LEE NING 0320125
2 LEE ZI YING 0320435
3 LIM YANG KANG 0320538
4 LIM ZIA HUEI 0321031
5 LOONG BO LIN 0321469
CONTENT

MENARA DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA | 02
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fast facts
1.3 Historical background
1.4 Architect
2. Site context analysis (by Loong Bo Lin)
2.1 Building accessibility
2.2 Relationship of building to surroundings
2.3 Respond to climate
3. Architecture layout (by LimYang Kang)
3.1 Plan to section or elevation analysis
3.2 Circulation to use-space
3.3 Organization analysis
4. Architecture style analysis (by Lee Zi Ying)
4.1 Style of architecture
4.2 Characteristics
4.3 Influences
5. Construction and materials analysis (by Lee Ning)
5.1 Materials and Construction
5.2 Comparisons
6. Architecture elements/component analysis (by LimZia Huei)
6.1 Significant components
6.2 Analysis on specific components
7. Conclusion
8. References
INTRODUCTION

Introduction
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) is a government building which serves as a main
function to implement language and literature planning, including the development of
language and literature. Which may help to enrich the national language in all fields, including
science and technology and develop literary talent , especially in the national language which is
Bahasa Melayu.
DBP was established on 22 Jun 1956 with an original name, 'Balai Pustaka', located in a
government building in Bukit Timbalan, Johor Bahru. As a result of the Malay Language and
Literary Congress III (Kongres Bahasa dan Persuratan Melayu III) in Singapore and Johor Bahru
on 16 - 21 September 1956, the government agreed on changing the name of “Balai Pustaka” to
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP).
In 1957, DBP moved to a former ward of a hospital in Jalan Young, Kuala Lumpur until
1961. Started from 31 January 1962, DBP office moved into the premises in Jalan Lapangan
Terbang Lama, now Jalan Dewan Bahasa. The new office complex of DBP was built in the year
of 1996 and finished in 2002. After a year of furnishing, DBP moved into the new complex in
2003.
In 1959, by Ordinance Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, DBP became a statutory body. DBP is
under the management of Lembaga Pengelola DBP, to establish and implement the policies to
achieve the goal of DBP.
For the needs of the future development, DBP expanded to Sabah and Sarawak in 1977,
by setting up a DBP Sabah in Kota Kinabalu and DBP Sarawak in Kuching. Besides that, DBP also
established a few regional offices in Peninsular Malaysia.
In 2008, DBP building was declared a heritage site and placed under the National
Heritage Act 2005. DBP proposed the restoration of the existing mural due to its deterioration.
Besides the mosaic mural, DBP proposed to renovate the existing building to restore and
conserve its historical features and value.

Fast fact
Name: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Old Building)
Year Constructed: 1962
Function: Office building and administration office
Location: Jalan Dewan Bahasa, Bukit Petaling, 50460 Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Name: Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Year Constructed: 2002
Function: Office tower and assembly hall

Historical Background
1959
The government purchase a triangular piece of land at Bellamy Road and Hale Drive for $91,000
to further accommodate the expanding functions of the agency. The commission for the design
of the new $ 1.2 million building was entrusted to Mr. Lee Yoon Thim.
1960
The agency’s new design was finalized by Lee by September.
1961
Tunku Abdul Rahman, who used the occasion to announce a plan to implement the Malay
language in all government departments by 1967 laid the foundation stones for the new
building on May 4. The building’s formal approvals and construction ensued.

1962
The building was officially opened by the Agong on January 31 when it was completed. The
modernist architectural idioms of a slab block and its adjoining hall structure were likened by
the agency’s director to “a United Nations building in miniature” soon after completion. This
comment was reasonable given the building’s main facades were, like its recommended
referent in New York, composed strictly of vertically-segmented sections fitted with modular
glazed panels, metal windows and other building components. Its composition of a slab block
and an ancillary conference hall was also seen as a spatial typology similar to those that the
United Nations building popularized on a global scale after its completion in 1950. The
employment of modernist architectural idioms and language and such associations projected
the contemporary outlook commensurate with aspirations of the new modern nation that was
Malaya, soon to be formulated as Malaysia. The building was introduced to the national public
as incorporating “Malay features” for notwithstanding such outward modernist architectural
projections. Transformations of such modernist architectural language were in turn also
perceived to herald the advent of new architectural identities, especially post-independent or
even national ones in Malaya and subsequently in Malaysia.
1997
The construction of the new building which was Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka started.
2002
The Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka was finished constructed. However, the building was
not used because of lack of furniture.
2003
The building was fully furnished and was used as the office of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Architect
Dato’ Y.T.Lee, also Lee Yoon Thim (1905-1977), was a prominent local
architect who worked at a time when the path to becoming an architect
was directed towards overseas training, or local apprenticeship to
become a qualified person. He was active in Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s
and 1960s. Dato’ Y.T. Lee was one those who helped ‘Built Merdeka’
after Malaysian independence in 1963. Dato’ Y.T. Lee was one of the
most important of a group of architects operating in the modernist
idiom in Malaysia in the period after independence. He was the central
figure for shaping the young country’s global image. He designed
several of Kuala Lumpur’s landmark building, deftly combining modernism with a local feel.
He moved in elite circles, and held several positions in the national government and in the
Chinese community. He was active in the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) where he
assumed several positions. He was a close friend to Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and
other political figures.
Honours
1960 - The appellation of P.J.K.
1961 - Justice of Peace
1962 - J.M.N.
1964 - Honoured as Dato’
Significant buildings

Chin Woo Stadium
The sport complex is located at Jalan Hang Jebat, 50150,
Kuala Lumpur. It was built in the 1953 as an international
martial arts organization. In the 1920, the physical and
spiritual philosophy of Chin Woo was first introduced to
Malaya and founded In Shanghai in the 1910s by Huo
Yuan Jia. The initialization of project was officiated by His
Royal Highness Selangor Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah on 31 August 1951. The opening
ceremony was honourably officiated by His Excellency. Sir. Mc Donald, the High Commissioner
of Great Britain. Witnessed by local leaders on 11 December 1953. Y.T. Lee is one of the
committee of the opening ceremony of Chin Woo Stadium.
UMNO building
The rectangular four-story structure was built in 1955 to
act as the headquarters for the United Malays National
Organisation party. It is located on Jalan Tuanku Abdul
Rahman.
Federal building

The building was built in 1957 to accommodate the declaration of Merdeka, Malaya's
independence Day. It was founded by Tan Sri Low Yat. An article written in 1971 presented Lee
as an expert in hospitality design, and credited him with a total of four hotels, two of them in
Bukit Bintang. Ar Azaiddy Abdullah writes that Lee worked with one of Kuala Lumpur's
municipal architects, Eric Taylor, on the Merlin Hotel, 1957-1959. The hotel was later changed
to the Concorde Hotel. Most of the original interiors have been reconfigured, including the
once famous Harlequin Bar and Grill.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
The construction was completed on 31 January
1962. Its most prominent feature is a 65 by 25-foot
glazed mosaic mural, designed by Ismail Mustam.
The complex's layout on the prominent site was
likened to the United Nations: a figural auditorium
faces the traffic circle, and behind it lies the broad
administrative block.

SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS (by LOONG BO LIN)
Buildi
ng
access
ibility
Figure 2.1 Key plan of Dewan Bahasa Pustaka

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, is
the government body responsible for
coordinating the use of the Malay language in
Malaysia.
It is located at Jalan Dewan Bahasa, 50460 Kuala
Lumpur. Public transport such as taxi, monorail
and LRT are available for public to go to Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Figure 2.2 Location plan of Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka

Figure 2.3 Route to Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka by LRT
FIgure 2.4 Route to Dewan
Bahasa Pustaka by monorail

Relationship of building to surroundings
Figure
2.5
Major buildings around Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
The Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka once was
surrounded by thick forest in 1962.
However, throughout the years, Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka is now surrounded by
various buildings, such as education
buildings, transportation hubs, entertainment
buildings, and commercial office buildings.
Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations
is located behind Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Figure 2.6 Early location plan in 1962.

At the north side, the located buildings are Wisma Mirama, Ossoto Recreation Hub, Ibu Pejabat
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Wilayah Persekutuan, Sekolah Kebangsaan Jalan Hang Tuah 1
and Tsun Jin High School. Besides, Rumah Pusparita is located at the opposite of Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka.
Response to Climate
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka adopts the same climatic conditions as Kuala Lumpur in
general, as it is situated among the region.
Kuala Lumpur only has two seasons - wet or dry, with most downpours and
thunderstorms occurring in the morning. (World Weather Online, 2016) Kuala Lumpur
experience two monsoons period, from March to April and from October to November, with
the latter being the worst of two. (World Weather Online, 2016)

The multi-layered roofing design is used to maximize the ventilation circulation through
the building. Besides, the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is surrounded by trees and shrubbery,
enhancing the cooling effects of the building through the use of natural elements and
landscaping.
The interior of the building is fully air-conditioned. Despite having stripped windows
running down the full length of the building, the windows are shaded to minimize the heating
within the building. However, the materials used to counteract with tropical heat that includes
the building’s marble flooring and travertine slabs.
ARCHITECTURELAYOUT(BY LIM YANG KANG)

Plan to section or elevation analysis
Figure 3.0 First floor floor plan
Figure 3.1 Elevation
Circulation to use-space
Circulation refers to the way people move through with a building and also how the
spaces of the building links to each other. There are a few building components of a building’s
circulation, which are often referred to as circulation elements such as entrance, elevators and
staircase. They are positioned and designed to optimise the flow of people through a building.
These things affect our perception of the forms and the space of the building.
Component I: ENTRANCE

In a building, entrance is a component that connect the outdoor and indoor of the
building. It provides the act of entering which differentiates one space to another and identifies
from where people are to where people are going for example people will entering from a
public space to a private space. A wall is used to create enclosed spaces but an entrance is
having opening in the plane of the walls so that people can pass through it. The form of the
openings can just a simple opening in the wall or even a distinct gateway.
Entrance can be classified into three groups which is flush entrance, projected entrance
and recessed entrance. In this case, Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka has one projected
entrance. A projected entrance is an entrance that provides overhead shelter and forms a
transitional space, announces its function to approach.
Figure 3.2.1 Entrance of Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Dewan-
Bahasa-Dan-Pustaka-03.jpg)
Figure 3.2.2 Projected entrance
The location of the entrance relates to the form of the space
being entered will determine the configuration of space and the pattern of the activities within
the space of the building.
Component II: CONFIGURATION SPACE

Configuration of space is the sequence of the space that links to one another and
influenced each other. It could be contrast with the form of the spatial organization or it can
have a paralleling pattern.
The configuration of the space can be divided into six types which is linear, radial, spiral,
grid, network and composite. In this case, Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka used the grid
configuration of space which consists of two sets of parallel paths that intersect at regular
intervals and create square and rectangular space. The parallel path starts from the main
entrance of the building to the lobby of the elevators and then pass through to the main lobby.
It also allow to enter to other building which is Podium and Auditorium.
Figure 3.2.3 Grid configuration
of space
Component III: PATH - SPACE RELATIONSHIPS

Path may link in 3 ways which is pass by spaces, pass through spaces and terminate in a
space. The type of the path - space relationships of Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is pass
through spaces. The meaning of pass through spaces is the path may pass through a obliquely,
axially or along its edge.
Figure 3.2.4 Space Relationships
Component IV: CIRCULATION SPACE
The circulation space varies according to how its boundaries are defined and how it
relates to the forms of the space it links, proportion qualities of scale, light and view are
articulated and how the entrances open onto it. There are enclosed circulation of space, open
on one side or open on both sides. Menara Dewan Bahasa dan pustaka used the open both
sides circulation. Forming a colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension of the
space it passes through and merging it.
Figure 3.2.4 Form of the circulation space
Organization Analysis

Hierarchy
Menara Dewan Bahasa dan pustaka shows the degree of importance in terms of size
and articulation on the building. The differences reflects the degree of importance of each
section how the functional, formal and symbolic roles that play in the organization. The
administrative building and office tower which is the most emphasis part in the organization. It
designed be the most highest compare to other block of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Symmetry and Balance
Symmetry and balance can be find its way into Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka’s
architecture at every scale, from the overall external views of the building and through the
layout of the floor plan. The design for the auditorium and podium are consist of the Malay
house architecture style and it show the symmetry of the building as well.
Geometry
Figure 3.3.1 External view of Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Menara Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is actually made up of geometrical shapes. From the
top of the roof, the overall exterior is actually consists of a combination of triangular and
squares including the interior as well. However, for the first floor plan of the building it shows
that it is made out of the combinations of triangles, rectangular and squares.
ARCHITECTURESTYLE ANALYSIS (BY LEE ZI YING)
Style of Architecture

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is one of the historical building that was built right after
independence , also a fine example of modernism introduced to Malaysia. For Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka, the architectural style adopted was modernism. Modernism architecture
emerged in the late 19th century and began to reach maturity and acceptance in the early 20th
century. “Form follow function” a dictum well expressed modernist architecture where the
result of design should always derived from directly from its purpose.
Characteristic
Layout and location are the key feature in modernist design architecture. Architects
used to plot the triangular piece of land purchased by the government at Bellamy Road and
Hale Drive to influence the design and layout. Rather than simply placing the building on top of
the land, the construction uses the physical features of the triangular land as a starting point to
connect the raised auditorium structure perpendicularly to a five-storey high administrative
block into a T shaped plan.
One of the main features of modern architecture is simplicity and clarity in design and
form. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka are stripped down to the basics to show the architectural
elements of the building itself, rather than focusing on the decor or detailing work, the focus is
on the space as a whole. Modern design encourages building to be clean, functional and simple.
The inner workings of the building tend to be visible: beams and other structural elements are
exposed to the viewer.

Lines are highly important in modernist building design. The physical element of Dewan
Bahasa dan pustaka such as beams and windows are used to assist the creation of linear space.
The lines are typically angled 90 degree to one another giving a visual emphasis on horizontal
and vertical lines, and roof line are bold. Building have multiple roof line at varying levels. The
exterior design of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka isn’t simply functional but artistic.
Other than that, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka also adapt the concept of “Truth of
materials” where the true nature or natural appearance of the materials are shown rather than
concealing or altering them to represent something else.
Influences

The day when a canonical narrative explained architectural modernism is long past.
Third World Modernism, the New Third World, and Tropical Modernism are all part of the
effort to consider 20th-century Asian works as not derivative, but equivalent. Writings on this
subject often arrive with country names attached: Bangladesh, Cambodia, and India. Lee’s
works in Kuala Lumpur questions the validity of the mono-nation paradigm, for the geographic
region he came from is a “bubbling, bursting melting point of races and religions”. The
philosophy to which Lee contributed did not spring from a system of absolutes, rather,
identities were many, and nations were forming. Research on this understudied figure is an
opportunity to see how one architect capably addressed client and function, and thereby gave
form to the idea of being modern and Asia.
By middle of 20th century, the architects had made an effort to convey a Malaysian
identity into architecture by using structures and elements of traditional architecture in
Malaysia. The idea apparently can be seen interpreted in Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka by
incorporating “Malay features” into the building with a modernist styled structure and design.
That is the V-shaped diagonal struts and bands of triangular and rectangular patterns on both
side of the auditorium. Space under the auditorium is influenced by the kampong house as
crazy-paving was tiled and landscape are generously planted with plants and flower bed.
ARCHITECTUREELEMENTS/COMPONENT ANALYSIS(BY LIM ZIA HUEI)
Elements and components

Columns
Column is a tall, vertical element, used as a support for a roof. In architectural design, a column
can be used for decoration as well as support. In this building, large and circular columns serve
as a support for the building.
Roof
The building has multiple roof lines at different levels to show off the complexity of the overall
design and the uncommon silhouette of the structure.
BUTTERFLY ROOF
Inspired by bookshelves, butterfly roof was used in the design
of this building. Butterfly roof is a form of roof characterized
by an inversion of a standard roof form, with two roof
surfaces sloping down from opposing edges to a valley near
the middle of the roof. Its name came from its form which similar to a butterfly’s wings.
Butterfly roof is an iconic feature of mid-century modern architecture. Besides providing a
visually striking alternative to traditional roof design, it is easily identified by its dramatic V-
shaped silhouette. Furthermore, the roof also allows for higher perimeter walls with clerestory
windows allowing light penetration.
SHED ROOF
A roof having only one sloping plane and no hips, ridges or
valleys. Glass panel roof is used in the design of the building.

Glass panel roof with steel frame provides natural light to the interior.
GABLE ROOF
Gable roof is a roof with two sloping sides and a gable at each
end. Gable roof is used as the roof of the auditorium.
Windows
Windows are used extensively to bring in natural light. The
structures of the windows create lines which are straight and angled. This element creates a
linear-inspired space which is one of the characteristic of modern architecture.
BAY WINDOWS
Bay window is a window built to project
outward from an outside wall.

VERTICALLY-SEGMENT -
WINDOWS
The old building composed
strictly of vertically-
segment -windows which
create a strong linear
element that give the
building a characteristic of
modern architecture.
Double glass panel façade

Double glass panel façade is used for the Menara Bahasa dan Pustaka. This double glass
panel façade provides a symmetrical façade to the building. You can find horizontal and vertical
features as well as linear elements from this façade. Not only that, this facade also brings in
natural light to the interior of the building. One also can see the great views of the Kuala
Lumpur city from the interior.
Lighting
NATURAL LIGHT
Windows and double glass panel façade bring in natural light and eventually minimize the use
of artificially light.
PENDANT

A pendant light which is also called a drop or suspender is used in the interior of the building. It
is a lone light fixture that hangs from the ceiling suspended by a metal rod.
FLUSH/RECESSED
Recessed lighting is fixtures that are set into ceilings
or walls. The recessed lighting provides effective
ambient and accent illumination with its little or no
profile.
FULL ROOMLUMINOUS CEILING
Luminous ceiling is a ceiling emitting light from its
entire surface through the use of fluorescent light
above translucent glass or plastic.
Ornaments
The building also incorporated ‘Malay features’ such as ornamentation elements.
Ornamentation elements are used to decorate and increase the visual appeal of the building.
WOOD CARVINGS

Carved components act as a decoration on the wooden furniture such as doors. Most of
the interior carved components are inspired by the floral motifs. Woodcarvings is the part and
parcel of the language of Malay architecture. Without the woodcarvings, the Malay
architecture would not be completed.
PLASTER CARVINGS
Plaster carvings is used to decorate the façade. Plaster decorations increase the visual
appeal of the façade of the building. It can be seen on the exterior of the building such as
frames of the windows and on the gable of the auditorium. The patterns of the plaster
decoration are inspired by the plants.

“V-SHAPED” DIAGONAL STRUTS
There was a roof garden atop the slab block where a canopy shelter along with the “V-
shaped” diagonal struts in the old building. It is one of the “Malay features” incorporated in the
building. The “V-shaped” diagonal struts symbolized “outspread umbrellas and national
dignity”.
Triangular and rectangularpatterns
Bands of triangular and rectangular patterns which explained as
abstracted traditional sarong motifs known as puchok rebong
(bamboo shoots) embroidered on ceremonial kain songket were
affixed on both sides of the auditorium.

Construction and Materials Analysis (BY LEE NING)
Materials and Construction
Menara DBP is existing in two main buildings which are the Old DBP Office and the
Office Tower of DBP.
The Old DBP Office had a reinforced concrete hall with 19 feet high ceiling spanned over
steel roof truss, together with the glazed mosaic mural wall and a 5 storey administration block
with vertically-segmented section façade and modular glazed panels on the metal windows.
While the Tower DBP is mainly built up from precast lightweight concrete structure and
aluminium framing with modular glazed panels for full sized windows.
Old Building DBP

Figure: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka c. 1960. Retrieved 18 June 2016 from
(http://www.rsmurthi.com/OldKualaLumpurPhotos2.html)
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile
strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile
strength and ductility. Steel reinforcing bars is usually embedded passively in the concrete
before the concrete sets.
In 1960s, reinforced concrete was popular to be used in the construction for a strong,
ductile and durable building structure. This is because of its high relative strength and high
toleration of tensile strain.
Bowstring truss was used in the construction of the roof truss for the raised auditorium
to provide the structural support for the 19 feet high ceiling. It created the 63 feet width of a
column free auditorium space.
Steel
Steel was chosen to be the material as it is easy to modify, offers design flexibility and
easy to install. Steel allows for improved quality of construction and less maintenance, while
offering improved safety and resistance. It is still one of the preferred structural materials to be
use for today’s construction world.

Metal and Modular Glazed Panel
Metal framing was used to support the modular glazed panel for the windows. The
modular glazed panel with metal framing allows the light to enter the building and insulates
heat. Besides, the vertically- segmented metal façade which shows the modernist architectural
in that time was served as a function to divide the wall and fit in the windows.
Glazed mosaic tiles

The 65 x 25 feet mural art on the raised auditorium wall was finished with glazed mosaic
tiles. Influenced by Picasso and Braque, Ismail Mustam, the artist for the mural carried out a
design with the requirement that to finish the mural with mosaic. With the use of glazed mosaic
tiles, it prolonged the durability of the mural art.
DBP Tower

Photo of DBP Tower taken on 5 June 2016
Menara DBP was a built on transfer, BOT project. During the time of construction, DBP
receives a concession from the GDP Architect to finance, design, construct, and operate a
facility stated in the concession contract. This enables the project proponent to recover its
investment, operating and maintenance expenses in the project. The years of repayment is 17
years stated in the concession contract, started from the year of building 1999 until 2017.
Lightweight Concrete

In 1990s, while lightweight concrete was still a newly introduced construction material
in Malaysia, Menara DBP was the first high rise building that used lightweight concrete as the
main construction materials in the building due to its greater strength, lower thermal
conductivity and lower coefficient of thermal expansion.
Aluminium
Aluminium was first used in quantity for building and construction in the 1920s for
decorative detailing and art deco structures. In 1930, a breakthrough was made when major
structures within the Empire State Building were built with aluminium.
Due to the influence of the modernism from western architecture, aluminium was used
in the construction of DBP Tower not only by its original aesthetic value but also the benefits it
brings as a construction material.
Hollow aluminium bars are used as the framing for the windows to support the full sized
glazed glass panel. The use of aluminium framing allowed the daylight to enters the building yet
insulated heat.

The significant butterfly roof on the top of DBP Tower is also built up from aluminium
truss. The butterfly roof truss gives an appearance of an open book to the roof and the truss is
used to support the outer glazed panel of the building.
Aluminium makes the building fast to build and durable. It is corrosion resistant so it
requires no painting, minimal maintenance to show its original looks. Besides, aluminium brings
environmental and ergonomic benefits. The most important is it has enough strength to
support large glass structures although it is lighter than steel.

Comparison
Building Old DBP Office UNAM Central Library
Image
Description 5 storiesgovernmentadministration
buildingwitharaisedauditorium
whichhas a mural 65 x 25 feetwall
finishedinglazedmosaic.
The buildingwasbuiltbyarchitect
Lee Yoon Thim.
Mural conceivedandexecutedby
artistIsmail Mustam
Builtfrom1959 to 1962
10 storiesbuildingasthe central
libraryof UNAM. Wallsof the
buildingare coveredby 4000 𝑚2
mosaicstone murals.
The buildingwasbuiltbyarchitects
GustavoSaavedraand JuanMartínez
de Velasco.
Murals conceivedandexecutedby
artistand architect,JuanO´Gorman.
Builtfrom1948 to 1952.
Location JalanDewanBahasa, BukitPetaling,
50460 KualaLumpur,Wilayah
PersekutuanKualaLumpur,Malaysia.
Circuito Interior S/N, Coyoacán,
Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad
de México, D.F., Mexico
Construction
Materials
Reinforcedconcrete,steel,metal
windowframing,modularglazed
panelsandmosaicmural
Reinforcedconcrete,steel and
mosaicmurals
Similarity Mosaic Murals
To conveythe message whichthe use
of a commonlanguage servesasan
enablerwithinthe nationspace of
Malaysiatowardsunityand the
developmentof a greaterfuture,
evenif the people’sbackgroundwere
diverse anddifferent.
Mosaic stone muralsdepictingthe
historyof Mexico.Coveredall of the
fourwallsof the building.Themural
isa fascinatingtestamentto
Mexicanhistory,andthe progressive
socialistmovementthatwasgoing
on at that time periodinMexico.
Differences Curvedroof
Spannedoverthe bowstringsteel
truss to create a 63 feetwidthcolumn
Flatroof

free auditorium
Glazedglasspanelsforwindows Small skylightopening
T- shapedplan
To comprise twomainparts which
are a raisedauditoriumanda 5-
storeyadministrationblock
Tall and square-shapedbuilding
As a largest library which holds one
of the largest collections in Mexico.

Building DBP Tower The Element
Image
Description A governmentadministration
buildingconsistof apodium,
auditoriumand37 storiesoffice
tower.
The buildingwasbuiltbyGDP
Architect.
Builtfrom1996 to 2002.
A 15-story,153-unit modern
residentialtower.
By Mercantile Place onMain
Completedin2009
Location JalanDewanBahasa, BukitPetaling,
50460 KualaLumpur,Wilayah
PersekutuanKualaLumpur,
Malaysia.
Dallas,Texas
Construction
Materials
Lightweightconcrete,aluminiumand
glazedglasspanels
Reinforcedconcrete,steel andglazed
glasspanels
Similarities Butterflyroof
Designedtohave anappearance like
an openbook.
Have a more complicatedtrussto
supportthe outerlightweight
concrete panels.
the slopedceilingplanesreminiscent
conceivedasone large openspace.
Have a simple designof roof to
collectthe rainwateratthe obtuse
angle of the roof.
Full sizedglasspanelsforwindows
Difference Triangularplan
To comprise 3 mainparts of the
buildingwhich are apodium,
auditoriumanda 37- storey
Tall and rectangular-shapedbuilding
Witha reinterpretationof the
principlesof mid- centurymodern
design

administrationoffice block
Conclusion
In conclusion, this report has provided a vivid insight to us in terms of principles, ideas
and contributing factors of Modernism architecture style. Throughout the on-site experience
and extensive research, our understanding of Modernism towards the buildings in Malaysia had
deepened substantially.
Throughout the project, we have been successfully achieved various learning outcomes,
including allowing us to be able to document architectural heritage in the form of writings,
descriptive diagrams and photography. Through the effort of all the members in our team, the
informations are achieved with the use of clear and concise methods stated previously.
Last but not least, we have learned how Modernism has set a new course in redefining
the skyline of our beloved country. We are all appreciate to have the chance to document one
of the key buildings which has become the stepping stone to how Malaysian architecture is
today has truly been an experience worth recording.

References
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content/uploads/Provengh-External-Post-Tensioning-BowstringTrusses.pdf
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problem.html
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&sec=central
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de México (UNAM) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 21 June
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