Architectural analysis

1. TUTOR:
MS BALKISH
GROUP MEMBERS:
CHOW SU LING 0325020
CHIN MAN CHOONG 0324509
CHIN CHEONG SOON 0323529
CHIFUNDO SAPUWA 0327378
ERIC LO YANN SHIN 0324922
ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 [ARC 60203]
ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS REPORT
WISMA LEE RUBBER

2. 1
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE
01 INTRODUCTION
02 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS (CHIFUNDO SAPUWA)
2.1 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
2.2 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDING
2.3 RESPONSE TO CLIMATE
03 ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT OF BUILDING (CHOW SU LING)
3.1 CIRCULATION
3.2 ORGANIZATION OF SPACE
3.3 USER EXPERIENCE
04 ARCHITECTURE STYLE ANALYSIS (CHIN CHEONG SOON)
4.1 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
4.2 ART DECO DESIGNS
4.3 HISTORY OF ART DECO IN MALAYA
4.4 ARCHITECT
4.5 ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
05 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE & MATERIAL ANALYSIS (ERIC LO YANN
SHIN)
5.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
5.2 REFURBISHED STRUCTURE & ELEMENT
5.3 MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION DETIALS
5.4 COMPARATIVE STUDIES
5.5 OVERALL COMPARISON
06 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS (CHIN MAN CHOONG)
6.1 ROOF
6.2 SHADING
6.3 DOOR
6.4 WINDOW
6.5 STAIRCASE AND RAMP
6.6 STAINLESS-STEEL COLUMN
07 CONCLUSION
08 REFERENCE
2-4
5-14
15-25
26-31
32-42
43-53
54
55-57

3. 2
INTRODUCTION
WISMA LEE RUBBER is a 29-storeis tall building owned by the Lee Rubber Group located on
a square shaped lot of 17,000sf on Jalan Melaka at the heart of the business district of the
old city centre. It was done in 1980, Wisma Lee Rubber in Jalan Melaka, Kuala Lumpur is
being upgraded and renovated at a cost of RM24mil. The original building was completed by
Arthur Oakley Coltman (A.O. Coltman) and then refinished with the continuity of “modern
simplicity” of the original building by Veritas Architects Sdn. Bhd. The building is re-finished
with a glass-and-stainless steel curtain wall with vertical stainless steel sun-shading fins
against a fully glazed façade creating an elevated visual effect to accentuate the height of
the building. (VERITAS - Wisma Lee Rubber, (n.d.))
FUN FACTS OF BUILDING
Name : Wisma Lee Rubber
Address : Wisma Lee Rubber, City Centre, 50100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
Function : 29-stories office building
- Is furnished with facilities such as 24-hour concierge service enhancing security
- Re-finished in a new curtain wall of glass and stainless steel cladding
- Top penthouse floors cantilever out are cohesive to read as a transparent, delicate
glass box crowning the building
- Illuminate at night which changes into a lit lantern perched atop the structure
- Has a street-side café on ground floor

4. 3
HISTORY
Wisma Lee Rubber as Kuala Lumpur first high rise office tower was completed in 1980. With
a cost of RM24mil, the building is improved and refurbished by the Veritas Design Group.
Wisma Lee Rubber is held by the Lee Rubber Group. OCBC Bank Malaysia was the former
owner of the building until they moved to its own Menara OCBC. The refurbishment
exercise, together with the new OCBC Bank headquarters in the vicinity, help to accelerate
urban revolution in the area. The major shareholder of both Lee Rubber and OCBC Bank is
the family of the late Singaporean tycoon and philanthropist Lee Kong Chian.
The company, Lee Rubber Co. (Pte) Ltd. business started based in Muar, Johor, in 1927. At
the time, Malaya and Singapore were considered one country. According to Lee Foundation
financial controller and director Lee Seng Chuan, the Lee Rubber group continues to show
confidence in Malaysia by investing in several infrastructures. (Wong, J., 2005)

5. 4
ARCHITECTS
Original Architect : Arthur Oakley Coltman (A.O. Coltman)
Arthur Oakley Coltman was a British architect active in the old Malaya for 32 years where he
ran as manager of the architecture firm Booty Edwards & Partners. During 1920s, he
introduces Art Deco architectural style into Malaya. He arrived in Malaya in 1925 and retired
in 1957. Coltman passed away in Sussex, England at the age of 67 in 1961. He was
responsible for a few of the greatest Art Deco structures in Kuala Lumpur, including the
Oriental Building, Lee Rubber Building, Odeon Cinema, Clock Tower and OCBC Building.
(Arthur Oakley Coltman, 2015)
Refurbish Architect : The VERITAS Design Group
Refurbishment of the Wisma Lee Rubber was taken place of
the whole building was done by Veritas Architects Sdn Bhd
company, by Architect Azril Azmi Jaafar. Azril continued with
the 'modern simplicity' of the first building. The new outlook
tries to reestablish the old building in a more modern-day
revolution of style to suit the organization's present viewpoint.
(Wong, J., 2005)
Source: VERITAS - Azril Amir
Jaafar (n.d.).
http://theveritasdesigngrou
p.com/global_files/images/j
aafar.png

6. 5
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
CHIFUNDO SAPUWA | 0327378
BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDING
RESPONSE TO CLIMATE

7. 6
2.0 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
2.1 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
Diagram 2.1 (Source: J. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 05, 2017, from
http://www.jllproperty.com.my/en-my/central-business-district-cbd/jalan-raja-
chulan/office-commercial-property-for-lease/wisma-lee-rubber/519297 )
2.1.1 SURROUNDING ROADS
Wisma Lee Rubber is located on Jalan Melaka. The road is a two line one way road to control
traffic. However traffic jams occur but is most on the main road Jalan Tun Perak. To get to
the building from the Jalan Tun Perak make a left turn into Leboh Ampang then a left into
Jalan Ampang then a left into Jalan Melaka and the building is on the left side of the road.
(Wisma Lee Rubber | Property Listing | JLL, n.d.)
CHIFUNDO SAPUWA | 0327378

8. 7
2.1.2 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
There is many ways to get to the building by different means of transportation mostly by
cars and motorcycles. Another is by using public transport which is the bus, train (LRT) or
taxi as the LRT station and the bus stop are found across the road.
Car Motorcycles
Bus Train

9. 8
2.1.3 WALKABILITY
As for the public transport, restaurants is found around the site the walkability rate on site is
frequent as there will be a lot of pedestrians walking to and for the site. So there are well
maintained walking pavement and pedestrian crossing to help pedestrian the move around
the site safely.
2.1.4 ENTRY POINTS OF BUILDING
Pedestrian Walk Pedestrian Crossing
Car Park Entrance Main Entrance

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2.2 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDING
Diagram 2.2
J. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 05, 2017, from http://www.jllproperty.com.my/en-
my/central-business-district-cbd/jalan-raja-chulan/office-commercial-property-for-
lease/wisma-lee-rubber/519297 )
2.2.1 SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
There are many different types of buildings on the street of Jalan Melaka. The following
three buildings will explained further.
Bank Muamalat
Oriental Building
Masjid Jamek
Train Station

11. 10
2.2.1(I) BANK MUAMALAT
This is the headquarters for the bank. The building is divided into two parts. One is the
traditional Malay style building which is 5 storey and the other is 34-storey which is a
contemporary tower style building.
Date: 1980
Architect: Kumpulan Akitek Sdn Bhd
Client: Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad
Building Type: Commercial
Building Usage: Bank
(Source: Bank Menara Bumiputra | B&W drawing, section. (n.d.). Retrieved June 03, 2017,
from https://archnet.org/sites/432/media_contents/12913)

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2.2.1(II) MAJID JAMEK TRAIN STATION
This station is an interchange station between LRT lines, Sir Petaling and Kelana Jaya.
Date: 16 December 1996 (Sri Petaling line), 1 June 1999 (Kelana Jaya Line)
Client: Pransarana Malaysia
Building Type: Transportation Hub
Structure Type: Elevated (Sri Petaling), Underground (Kelane Jaya)
(Source: Masjid Jamek LRT station. (2017, June 01). Retrieved June 03, 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid_Jamek_LRT_station )

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2.2.1(III) ORIENTAL BUILDING
It is a 5-storey building with a curved facade. It has perpendicular piers running up 3-storey
of the building from between the arcade on the ground floor which is the highlight of the
building. The ground level is for retail and the rest of the 3 floors are were for office blocks.
Date: around late June or early July 1932
Architect: Arthur Oakley Coltman (Messrs. Booty & Edwards)
Building Type: Commercial
(Source: Arthur Oakley Coltman. (2017, June 01). Retrieved June 05, 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Oakley_Coltman)

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2.2.2 LANDSCAPING
The landscape around Wisma Lee Rubber is nicely fixed into the surroundings of the site,
although the building is in the heart of Kuala Lumpur the greenery is interesting. This is
because across the road there is a pathway called the ‘Heritage Walk’, where you can
interact with the landscape as there is benches and sculptures.

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2.3 RESPONSE TO CLIMATE
2.3.1 CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Wisam Lee Rubber is located on Jalan Melaka, Kuala Lumpur. Therefore it adopts the same
climate conditions as Kuala Lumpur, as it is in that region. Kuala Lumpur is mostly rainy and
humid throughout the year.
2.3.2 DESIGN OF BUILDING TO SUIT THE CLIMATE
Daylight comes from many direction to give good quality and even lighting throughout the
whole the building. Internal comfort is created on the north side of the building as shade is
made by the overhanging windows. To get the most amount of daylight into the building the
orientation of the floor plan is on the east to west axis. Daylight transmission is increased by
glazing the interior and exterior. To have maximum cross ventilation the building is opened
on the south and west side, reducing the usage of air conditioners. (VERITAS - Wisma Lee
Rubber, (n.d.))
(Source: WC Yan Follow. (2015, December 11). Final wisma lee rubber compila-tion (new). Retrieved
June 05, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/wcyan13/final-wisma-lee-rubber-compilation-new)

16. 15
ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT
OF BUILDING
CHOW SU LING | 0325020
CIRCULATION
ORGANIZATION OF SPACE
USER EXPERIENCE

17. 16
3.0 ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT ANALYSIS
3.1 CIRCULATION
3.1.1 LAYOUT PLAN
WISMA LEE RUBBER held itself as one of the modern building of the country with its 29-
storey-building facing Jalan Melaka at a right angle of 45 degree. The ground floor plan is
simple and direct as the activity space on ground floor is limited due to the security and
privacy as only roughly 30% of the is accessible by public and the other spaces are semi-
public due to management policy.
Diagram 3.1.1 (a) GROUND FLOOR PLAN
CHOW SU LING | 0325020

18. 17
3.1.2 ACCESS POINTS AND ENTRANCE
MAIN ACCESS POINT TO ENTRANCE SECURITY SPEED GATE
Diagram 3.1.2 (a) ACCESS POINT TO BUILDING
There are abundant access points to the main entrance of the building. The entrance
provides an oblique approach that enhances the effect of perspective on the front façade as
the building faces the street at 45 degree with an elevated base. The path has been
redirected once or more to delay and prolong the sequence of approach which continues
the allusion and gave the rest of the building a gigantic scale.

19. 18
STAIRS LEADING TO ENTRANCE
RAMPS LEADING TO ENTRANCE
Due to the elevated base of the building, stairs are introduced before the entrance and
access points to allow user to access before entering the building. Ramps are introduce
widely around the building as the modern design is now prone to disabled friendly together
with lifts that allows them to access and enter easily.

20. 19
3.1.3 CIRCULATION TO USE
The circulation on ground floor is simple as the security speed gate is in front of the main
entrance with the reception area located on the left. Due to the elevated base of the
building, the spatial continuity is interrupted while maintaining the visual continuity. The
building also employs composite circulation as shown in the ground floor, the lift lobby is
the center of activities where the path of circulation emerge from and the vertical
circulation is provided by the lifts and stairways. With a total of 7 lifts in the building, three
on the West which provides circulation to the lower level of the building, 1-16 floor; and
three on the East, going to the higher level of the building 16-28 floor. The lift on the middle
is designated for the car park access from lower ground. Due to the accessibility of the lifts
to their designated floor, the flow of circulation is smoother and less congested during peak
hours.
Diagram 3.1.3 (a) ACCESS POINT TO BUILDING Figure 3.1.3 (a) MAIN ENTRANCE

21. 20
Typical floor plan that shows the lift that is the main access to upper floor which can be
divided into east and west wing that is convenient for circulation as this arrangement uses
the corridors effectivity to connect all the spaces together as one while easing the
circulation within. The functional spaces are pushed to the corners or the side of the building
to reduce space wastage and improve effective circulation of the building.
Diagram 3.1.3 (b) CIRCULATION (TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN) Diagram 3.1.3 (c) FLOW OF CIRCULATION
LIFT LOBBY WALKWAY INTERSECTION TO GYM AND
LIFT LOBBY

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3.2 ORGANIZATION OF SPACE
3.2.1 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (PRIVATE & PUBLIC)
Ground floor of Wisma Lee Rubber building can be identified into three main region, mainly
public, semi-public and private. Due to the policy and security of the building, most of the
spaces requires permission and a pass for entry before the security speed gate. The
entrance and reception area of the building are accessible by public while the lifts to the
upper floors require a pass and permission. Upper floors above in Wisma Lee Rubber
building are occupied by the Lee Foundation, Lee Rubber, OCBC bank and other tenants
while the 16th floor of the building also consist of the management, a gymnasium and surau.
The arrangement of space follows the hierarchical order by importance and function of
space. The more private the space is, the location of the space will be placed at the most
inner part or upper floors of the building which will minimize the disturbance to the working
spaces.
Diagram 3.2.1 (a) GROUND FLOOR PLAN (SPATIAL ORGANIZATION) Diagram 3.2.1 (b) ELEVATION
(SPATIAL ORGANIZATION)

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3.2 .2 GEOMETRICAL ELEMENTS IN SPACE PLANNING
As modernism suggest basic and simplicity, the building is made out of mainly
quadrilaterals. The main massing of the building is a cuboid. The façade of the building also
implements geometrical elements as the arrangement of windows with the stripped
mullions creating a consistent modern vertical repetitive pattern on the façade of the
building. The top penthouse floors which cantilever out as an additive element to the
building are also unified to read as a transparent, delicate glass box crowning the building.
As in Art Deco architectural style, the geometric arrangement of the layout created the
cantilevered crown for the building which became a significant feature.
Diagram 3.2.2 (a) ELEVATION OF BUILDING
EXTERIOR VIEW OF BUILDING
Source :
http://static.wixstatic.com/media/bdf7f8_7c2f3b65ae08fd5a9fcbe314
061c18d1.jpg_srz_610_867_85_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz

24. 23
Diagram 3.2.2 (b) GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Diagram 3.2.2 (d) TYPICAL FLOOR
PLAN (2ND
TO 25TH
FLOOR)
Diagram 3.2.2 (c) GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS
The plan of the building changes according to level of floor. The ground floor of the building
made out of a basic square, proportioned and divided following the function which is the
office space and circulation usage.
Diagram 3.2.2 (e) GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS
The typical floor plan of 2nd to 25th floor is made out of a basic square as the main layout
with additional of two small rectangle due to the position of the fire escape staircase.

25. 24
Diagram 3.2.2 (f) TYPICAL FLOOR
PLAN (26TH
TO 28TH
FLOOR)
Diagram 3.2.2 (g) GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS
The typical floor plan of 26th to 28th floor differs from the others due to the cantilevered part
of the top of the building. By using basic geometrical shapes, the plan is made out of two
rectangles overlapping to create the cantilever. “Form follows function” in modernism,
however in Art Deco, the design that translate modernism turned into an art where Wisma
Lee Rubber had quadrilateral blocky forms and shapes that were arranged in geometric
fashion by adapting the architectural characteristics.

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3.3 USER EXPERIENCE
3.3.1 USER-SPACE EXPERIENCE
The ground floor of the building is designed with a double volume space with elaborated
height to indicate the public space of the building at the ground floor. This also suggest a
sense of openness to the users while creating an illusion of a huge space with the height of
the ceiling as modernism emphasize on expression of volume rather than mass. Passing the
entrance to the lobby, there is a sense of awe to the users as the impressive interior is
revealed creating a critical first impression.
Diagram 3.3.1 (a) USER-SPACELIFT LOBBY

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ARCHITECTURE STYLE
ANALYSIS
CHIN CHEONG SOON | 0323529
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
ART DECO DESIGNS
HISTORY OF ART DECO IN MALAYA
ARCHITECT
ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS

28. 27
4.1 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
This project is the refurbishment of the original 29 storey Wisma Lee Rubber, a building
located on a square shaped lot of 17,000sf on Jalan Melaka at the heart of the business
district of the old city centre. The new design seeks to rejuvenate the old building in a more
contemporary image suited to the company's current outlook. The office tower is re-
finished in a new curtain wall of glass and stainless steel cladding. Vertical sun- shading fins,
juxtaposed against a fully glazed façade accentuate the verticality of the building. The top
penthouse floors which cantilever out are unified to read as a transparent, delicate glass box
crowning the building. Illuminated at night, it transforms into a lit lantern perched atop the
structure. At street level, the former car porch is extended with a glass roof canopy to
create a semi-outdoor verendah with a sidewalk café to engage the vibrant street life of its
neighbourhood.
4.2 ART DECO DESIGNS
Art Deco is the architectural design style for Wisma Lee Rubber. Art Deco style first
appeared in France right before World War I. It emerged in the late 1920s and 1930s, and
began flourishing internationally before its popularity was noted after World War II. The
style is often characterized by rich colours, bold geometric shapes and lavish
ornamentation.
Art deco style, above all reflected modern technology, includes smooth lines, symmetrical,
geometric shapes, streamlined forms and bright and sometimes garish colours. At first,
luxury style requires costly materials such as silver, crystals, ivory, jade and lacquer, it used
cheaper and mass- produced materials like chrome, plastics and some industrial items
catering to the growing from distant locations, touching the specified styles from Ancient
Egypt to advanced modern industrial machineries. Art deco stood for modernity. It provides
an image of modern life and progress better than competing the forms of designs such as
Modernism. Designers then slowly accept and adapt Art Deco to promote national or local
identities and the meanings behind it, using subjective and decorative subject matters.
CHIN CHEONG SOON | 0323529

29. 28
4.3 HISTORY OF ART DECO IN MALAYA
Despite developing in distant Europe, the art deco craze reached Tropical Malaya, and Pat
Fama looks at the history of the movement and admires some of the buildings that bear
testament to that era of style.
The flowering of Art Deco in Malaya was a product of prosperity, founded on the British
territory’s two key exports: tin and rubber. In the interwar years, Malaya was the leading
exporter of both these products, and even though prices slumped as a result of the Great
Depression, there was still plenty of money flowing around.
Malaysia boasts some of the finest examples of surviving Art Deco architecture in Southeast
Asia, including the iconic Central Market in KL’s China Town. Originally built in 1888, the
current design of Central Market dates from a major rebuilding project undertaken in 1936-
7. Threatened with demolition in the 1970s, it was this Art Deco styling which eventually
came to the rescue. Central Market now it ranks as one of Malaysia’s leading tourist
attractions and its future is (reasonably) safe.
Many of KL’s of Art Deco structures are to be found along Jalan Tuanku Rahman (formerly
Batu Road) and in Chinatown, particularly in and around Medan Pasar (Market Square). At
the heart of the recently-pedestrianised Market Square is the Clock Tower, which was built
in 1937 to commemorate the accession of King George VI. The distinctive sunburst patterns
are classic Art Deco, as well as symbolising optimism for the new monarch’s reign.
Wisma Lee Rubber in 1967.
Source : http://www.expatgo.com/my/2013/06/06/the-history-
and-influence-of-art-deco-in-malaysias-architecture/

30. 29
Sadly, the Clock Tower’s original plaques were removed after independence in an act of
architectural vandalism. More recent vandals have spray-painted it with obscene graffiti.
Other nearby buildings have fared rather better, such as the OCBC Building, the former
headquarters of the Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation, which was completed in 1938,
and the Oriental Building, the home of Radio Malaya. (P.Fama- The History and Influence od
Art Deco in Malaysia’s Architecture, (2013, June 6))
4.4 ARCHITECT
Arthur Oakley Coltman, the British Architect, also known as A.O. Coltman, came to Malaya
to practice for 32 years who positioned as a manager of the Booty Edwards & Partners
architecture firm. He first stepped in Malaya in 1925 and retired in 1957. He is the first
architect who brought Art Deco Style into Malaya, therefore, a lot of Art Deco structures
located in Kuala Lumpur is designed by him. These structures includes the Clock Tower,
OCBC Building, Oriented Building, Odeon Cinema and not forgetting Wisma Lee Rubber as
one of the most iconic building and also knows as Kuala Lumpur first high-rise office tower
located at the centre of Jalan Melaka at Kuala Lumpur. (Revolvy, L. (n.d.))

31. 30
4.5 ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
Wisma Lee Rubber is iconic for reasons. It is a modern building installed with Art Deco style.
For example, the front façade of the building is designed in a very sleek, linear appearance
that stood vertically tall. The primary façade of the building often features series of setbacks
that creates a stepped vertical outline. It is mainly designed in geometric and rectangular
forms with four sides of flat façade. This is what makes the building stands out from others.
Other than that, Wisma Lee Rubber’s is installed with strips of horizontal windows. The front
façade emphasizes on the vertical movement . It features the distinctive smooth and clean
finishing material for the building like Stucco. (Art Deco Style (1925-1940), 2015)

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4.5.1 SLEEK AND LINEAR APPEARANCE
4.5.2 SYMMETRY
4.5.3 FOUR SIDES OF FLAT FAÇADE
Designed in a vertical tall form.
Thus, create a vertical movement.
Facades designed on the top four sides of the building.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURE AND
MATERIALS ANALYSIS
ERIC LO YANN SHIN | 0324922
PROJECT BACKGROUND
REFURBISHED STRUCTURE & ELEMENT
MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION DETIALS
COMPARATIVE STUDIES
OVERALL COMPARISON

34. 33
5.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Wisma Lee Rubber is the first high rise building in Kuala Lumpur when it was completed in
1980. It was then upgraded and refurbished at a cost of RM24million by Veritas Architect.
the office tower will be re-finished with a glass-and-stainless steel curtain wall. The design
with vertical stainless steel sun-shading fins against a fully glazed façade will create a soaring
visual effect to accentuate the height of the building.
Year 1980 Year 2008
Source :
https://www.google.com/search?q=wisma+rubber+lee+renovation&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0ahUKEwjC54CNoKnUAhUIrY8KHQ29BDkQ_AUICigB&biw=1229&bih=588#tbm=isch&q=
wisma+rubber+lee+1980&imgrc=675AiQSoELe-KM
ERIC LO YANN SHIN | 0324922

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5.2 REFURBISHED STRUCTURE & ELEMENT
5.3 MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
5.3.1 FLOOR FINISHES
The floor finishes materials are bianco carrara marble tiles. The size of one tile is 1sqft,
featuring a clean and elegant outlook.
However, material for the staircase is rough granite tiles. It has a rougher and darker colour
surface compared to the marble tiles, where it can produce greater friction.
2. Stainless steel fins
1. Glass & stainless steel curtain wall

36. 35
Source: R. C. (n.d.). Finishes,-floor,wall and ceiling . In Construction Technology (2nd ed., Vol. 1,
p. 180). Longman
Diagram 5.3.1 (a) Construction details

37. 36
5.3.2 GLASS & STAINLESS STEEL CURTAIN WALL
The glasses that made up the fully glazed façade, create a soaring visual effect to accentuate
the height of the building. The thickness of the laminated glass is (which consisted of 5mm
thick green tinted annealed float glass, 0.76mm clear PVB and 5mm thick clear annealed
with low emission glass). As going up to level 26 onwards, the facade looks slightly different
compared to lower levels as it is extruded out which is covered with laminated glass and
stainless steel composite panels at the roof level. Those upper levels are also designed as a
light box which create a distinctive light sculpture at night.The laminated glass is bolted unto
the spider claw is connected to the stainless steel tube and fittings.
As for laminated glass above level 5 the spider claws are connected to the curtain wall

38. 37
5.3.3 STAINLESS STEEL FOUR-ARMS GLASS SPIDER FITTING
It is widely used to design the " all glass look" facade. It can come in a form of one, two,
three, and four arm fittings that can be mounted to railing posts, structural walls or fins.
Source:
http://www.hardwarerisen.com/Upl
oads/20160613/575e7a6817288.jpg
Source: Chudley , R. (n.d.). Structural Glass Cladding. In Advanced Construction Technology (4th
ed., p. 413). Pearson.
Diagram 5.3.3 (a) Construction details Diagram 5.3.3 (b) Construction details

39. 38
5.3.4 ALUMINIUM CLADDING
The external structure that is exposed to sunlight, rain and wind are covered by cladding.
The external structure such as columns and wall are intended to be covered for aesthetic
purposes and infiltration of weather elements. The materials of the cladding is aluminium
panels featuring an aluminium bright brushed surface to have a continuity with the modern
simplicity outlook of the original. The panels orientated horizontally and to designed to span
vertically from column to column. The panels promote a reflective effect as it show a blurry
illusion.
The architect could purchase inexpensive single skin of lightweight panels. Each panel are
separated by the joint (synthetic rubber weathering profile) as it functions is to allow air
flow through cavity.

40. 39
Source : Chudley, R. (n.d.). Rainscreen cladding. In Advanced Construction Technology (4th ed., p.
406). Pearson
Diagram 5.3.4 (a) Construction details
Diagram 5.3.4 (b) Construction details

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5.4 COMPARATIVE STUDY
Silberturm, Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany
Silberturm, formerly known as Dresdner-Bank-Hochhaus and Jürgen-Ponto-Hochhaus, is a
32-storey, 166.3 m futurist skyscraper in the Bahnhofsviertel district of Frankfurt, Germany.
It was the tallest building in Germany from 1978 until 1990.
Height: 546 ft Floors: 32 Opened: 1978
Architectural style: Modern architecture Construction started: 1972
Main contractors: Bilfinger, Philipp Holzmann
Source: http://tommr.net/wp-content/gallery/erste-
wolkenkratzer-frankfurts/SilverTower.jpg

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5.4.2 CONSTRUCTION
The tower has 2 underground floors and 32 floors above ground. On the third and fourth
floors there was a staff canteen until 2008. The 31st floor housed a swimming pool until
1994, when it was converted into a conference room. The 32nd floor was partially
destroyed in an 1 April 1998 fire.
The story height of the standard floors is 4.2 m, with a floor area of 1,900 square meters.
The highrise is founded on a 3400 m² reinforced concrete slab that is 4.0 m thick. In plan
view, the tower consists of two large, rounded squares which are arranged with a
longitudinal offset of several meters. In the resulting niches on each side, two elongated
rounded rectangles are located, housing the lifts and emergency staircases. The theme of
the rounded corners is repeated throughout the building, for example in the windows and
pillars, and information signs on the inside.
5.4.3 RENOVATION WORKS
Since late 2008, the Silberturm has stood empty and a complete restoration was planned for
the tower in 2009. The goal of this restoration is to modernise the office space and reduced
the carbon emissions and energy consumption by one-third. The renovation is necessary for
fire safety reasons, plus the renovation is to make a contribution to climate protection.
Commerzbank seeks to obtain a certificate of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges
Bauen in silver. The characteristic facade of the tower will remain unchanged. The gutting of
the building and the facade replacement will begin in 2010. Interior renovations will begin in
2010 and the ceiling height is to be raised to 3.10 meters. The renovations will be completed
by early 2012 so that the employees of Deutsche Bahn can move into the tower.

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5.5 OVERALL COMPARISON
Overall Comparison Wisma Rubber Lee Silberturm
Facade Glass Glass
Curtain wall Stainless steel Concrete
Cladding Materials Aluminium panel Aluminium panels
Roofing Flat roof Flat roof
Upgrading works Yes, year 2008 Yes, year 2008
Architecture style Modernism Modernism
Types of building Commercial office Commercial office
Floor count 28 32
Location Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Frankfurt, Germany.
Source:
http://www.deutsches-
architektur-
forum.de/pics//schmittch
en/dreba_silvertower.jpg

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ARCHITECTURE ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
CHIN MAN CHOONG | 0324509
ROOF
SHADING
DOOR
WINDOW
STAIRCASE AND RAMP
STAINLESS-STEEL COLUMN

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6.1 ROOF
The Wisma Lee Rubber building has a flat roof. Both the top roof and the canopy glass roof
on bottom is perpendicular to the building. As the building is an art décor design. It is
common to see a flat roof with parapet and a tower like structure to make the corner and
entrance stand out.
Both roof is a product of two square stack on each other in a 90-degree rotation. The roof
also used as place for domestic water tanks, water sprinkler, wet riser tanks and serve as a
mechanical floor. It is water proofed by rubber then covered with attractive weather
resistant tiles.
Modern flat roof, use
of simple square
shapes.
Diagram 6.1 (a) Roofs of building
Diagram 6.1 (b) Upper Roof Plan
CHIN MAN CHOONG | 0324509

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6.1.1 ENTRANCE GLASS CANOPY ROOF
The front entrance glass roof allows certain amount of daylight into it without bringing in
too much heat. The canopy makes the skies and the building visible from entrance. It helps
with the design and appearance of the buildings. On the other hand, glass canopy also
promotes better ventilation and reduce electricity costs for lighting.
The glass canopy is light, it is supported by several stainless-steel column, allowing a car
porch, and a café restaurant below the canopy
Simple rigid shape with
different size. Harmony
with the whole shape
of the building squar-
ish.
Diagram 6.1 (c)

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6.2 SHADING
There is a vertical glass panel at the glass roof canopy. It creates a semi outdoor verandah.
The ceiling is set tall to give a spacious and grand feeling to the entrance. Those vertical
glass panel were installed to help with the protection from natural light due to the lack of
shading for the high ceiling.
On the top of the building there are also vertical stainless steel sun shading fins build. There
are voids which act as a lift shaft, it helps provide shades to the people travelling in the
building. It prevents heat from transferring directly into the buildings.
Diagram 6.2 (a) Glass panel shading

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6.3 DOOR
6.3.1 ENTRANCE
The entrance used an automatic sliding glass door. Sliding door ensure a smooth flow of
circulation. It also allows people to look into the building. Creating a elegance and
welcoming sense to the entrance.
More rigid rectangular
style.
Look simple, strong.
Bring a sense of
modern with the metal
framing make the
entrance stand out
from the glass.

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6.3.2 OTHER DOORS
There are other type of door found in the building each serves different purpose. The
partially transparent door are used as office door. It allows lights in without sacrificing
privacy. While the roller shutter is found at the side entrance. It leads to each floor on day,
and act as a protection at night. The fire door is found at every floor. It is used as a passive
fire protection system. It helps slow down the fire if it occur.
Partial transparent door Roller shutter Fire door

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6.4 WINDOW
Wisma Lee Rubber as an Art décor style, it appears to have a punctured opening to maintain
a streamlined appearance for the building. A constant horizontal band of glass was
arranged. Decorative glass and glass block are used to create a contrast between solid and
void form under daylight.
Wisma Rubber Lee has a unitized curtain walling system and a unitized punch window
system.

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6.4.1 UNITIZED CURTAIN WALLING SYSTEM
The curtain walling is made of light material (glass). It has a aluminum frame with glass filled
which helps with the penetration of daylight. It brighten up the offices spaces. The glass also
helps with saving the energy up to one third of the total building energy costs.
Curtain walling system also have a benefit to the speed of the construction, lower the field
installation costs, and make the quality control within interior climate easier
Wisma Lee rubber has narrow, vertical strip window on the side. It is straight flat and It
extended all from the bottom to the top. It reflected some of the light and heat away while
keeping a good amount of light into the building.
It reflected some of
the direct heat and
light away from the
building.

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6.5 STAIRCASE AND RAMP
6.5.1 STAIRCASE AND RAMP AT ENTRANCE
There are several stairs in Wisma Lee Rubber, and a ramp at the entrance. The main
entrance stairs is larger in comparison to create a sense of welcome. Right beside the stairs
there is a ramp. The ramps are used for wheeled such as trolley or wheel chairs. Both stairs
and ramps has a stainless-steel handle to help supporting the visitors.
The flooring used were big granite tiles, it gives a nice aesthetic clean look and also help
with the gripping to the shoes.

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6.5.2 OTHER STAIRS
There are other stairs located at the side of the entrance, one to the basement and one to
the higher floor. Both are a lot narrower compare to the main entrance stairs. The stairs are
located near to each other and it all lead to the main door. It protrude the importance of
entrance porch.

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6.6 STAINLESS-STEEL COLUMN
The whole building was made of stainless-steel. Stainless-steel is resist to corrosion. The
visual is very appealing. Even though the material is stainless-steel, it has a matt finish on
the surface, therefore it wasn’t shiny and look cheap. The smooth surface look modern and
classy while keeping the minimalistic look.

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CONCLUSION
WISMA LEE RUBBER is one of the first high rise in Malaysia that applies characteristics of Art
Deco architectural style. Having to complete this report, we visited the building a few times
to study and observe the architecture of Wisma Lee Rubber.
Upon finishing the report, we learnt much about the Art Deco architectural style as we had
deeper understanding of it by the adaption of characteristics and elements on the building.
Through dividing the task among group members, each member is responsible for their own
task and did a deeper research of each topic to produce a detailed report of our research
and study.
Source :
http://theveritasdesigngroup.com/global_files/images/portfolio/p
f_arch_office_building/pf_act_offc_lee_rubber_1.jpg

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