Purpose Statement:
To provide an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques, which are used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements.
Design for Assembly (DFA) is a vital component of concurrent engineering – the multidisciplinary approach to product development. You might think it strange to begin by thinking about the assembly before you have designed all the components, but you can often eliminate many parts at the conceptual stage, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
This slideshow provides an introduction to the rules that are used in industry to produce affordable, reliable products. It includes the in-depth analysis of two real-world products subjected to a "product autopsy", detailed in photographs, plus tutor notes and recommendations for additional activities including an assembly game.
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Thanks for all the interest shown in this presentation... visit Capacify and leave me a message if you have any questions or comments. Also let me know if you'd like to have me as a guest speaker: the in-class 'ease of assembly game' is always fun.
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.A really good insight of DFA and DFM. Also includes a very precise and appealing caste study on aimplemention of DFMA on a motor drive assembly.
The document discusses various design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles including: design for machining (standardization, material choice, part size/shape), design for economy (reducing lifecycle costs), design for clampability (ease of clamping parts), design for accessibility (ease of accessing parts), and design for assembly (minimizing parts, using self-locating/fastening features, modular design). It provides guidelines and examples for each principle to facilitate part and product design for efficient manufacturing and assembly.
This document provides an overview of the Design for Manufacture course, including its objectives, textbooks, and Chapter 1 content on introduction to DFM. The key points are:
- The course covers factors for designing parts for manufacturability, GD&T techniques, and design considerations for various machining operations.
- Chapter 1 introduces DFM, the need for cost reduction, general design guidelines, advantages, and approaches like Taguchi's method and design for quality manufacturability.
- Major objectives of DFM are to estimate manufacturing costs, reduce component and assembly costs, and impact other factors through the design process.
This document summarizes design for assembly (DFA) principles presented in a lecture. It discusses DFA and design for manufacturing (DFM), key DFA rules like minimizing part count and using self-locating features, guidelines for part handling, insertion, and fastening. It also addresses analyzing assembly efficiency and evaluating part characteristics that influence manual assembly time like size, symmetry, and need for assistance. Large assemblies and different manual assembly methods are briefly covered. The overall purpose is to educate on DFA methods and analysis to minimize product assembly costs through design.
Design For Manufacturing & Assembly (DFMA) with Case Study -Diesel Engine Cos...Aditya Deshpande
Describes DFMA with its brief history, steps, advantages and disadvantages
This also gives its application through case study of COST REDUCTION OF A DIESEL ENGINE
Concurrent engineering is a strategy where all tasks involved in product development are done simultaneously through collaboration between individuals, groups, and departments. It involves customer research, design, marketing, accounting, and engineering working together. The key aspects are communication through formed teams and management support. The benefits are reducing time to market by 25% or more, lowering capital investment by 20% or more, and increasing product life cycle profitability.
The document discusses key principles of design for manufacturing (DFM) including minimizing part count, using standard components and materials, designing for tolerances, collaborating with manufacturing, and understanding production processes and costs. It emphasizes reducing costs at each stage of production from components to assembly to overhead. Designs should be optimized through an iterative process of cost analysis and redesign while considering production volumes and other factors.
Design for Assembly (DFA) is a vital component of concurrent engineering – the multidisciplinary approach to product development. You might think it strange to begin by thinking about the assembly before you have designed all the components, but you can often eliminate many parts at the conceptual stage, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
This slideshow provides an introduction to the rules that are used in industry to produce affordable, reliable products. It includes the in-depth analysis of two real-world products subjected to a "product autopsy", detailed in photographs, plus tutor notes and recommendations for additional activities including an assembly game.
+++
Thanks for all the interest shown in this presentation... visit Capacify and leave me a message if you have any questions or comments. Also let me know if you'd like to have me as a guest speaker: the in-class 'ease of assembly game' is always fun.
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.A really good insight of DFA and DFM. Also includes a very precise and appealing caste study on aimplemention of DFMA on a motor drive assembly.
The document discusses various design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles including: design for machining (standardization, material choice, part size/shape), design for economy (reducing lifecycle costs), design for clampability (ease of clamping parts), design for accessibility (ease of accessing parts), and design for assembly (minimizing parts, using self-locating/fastening features, modular design). It provides guidelines and examples for each principle to facilitate part and product design for efficient manufacturing and assembly.
This document provides an overview of the Design for Manufacture course, including its objectives, textbooks, and Chapter 1 content on introduction to DFM. The key points are:
- The course covers factors for designing parts for manufacturability, GD&T techniques, and design considerations for various machining operations.
- Chapter 1 introduces DFM, the need for cost reduction, general design guidelines, advantages, and approaches like Taguchi's method and design for quality manufacturability.
- Major objectives of DFM are to estimate manufacturing costs, reduce component and assembly costs, and impact other factors through the design process.
This document summarizes design for assembly (DFA) principles presented in a lecture. It discusses DFA and design for manufacturing (DFM), key DFA rules like minimizing part count and using self-locating features, guidelines for part handling, insertion, and fastening. It also addresses analyzing assembly efficiency and evaluating part characteristics that influence manual assembly time like size, symmetry, and need for assistance. Large assemblies and different manual assembly methods are briefly covered. The overall purpose is to educate on DFA methods and analysis to minimize product assembly costs through design.
Design For Manufacturing & Assembly (DFMA) with Case Study -Diesel Engine Cos...Aditya Deshpande
Describes DFMA with its brief history, steps, advantages and disadvantages
This also gives its application through case study of COST REDUCTION OF A DIESEL ENGINE
Concurrent engineering is a strategy where all tasks involved in product development are done simultaneously through collaboration between individuals, groups, and departments. It involves customer research, design, marketing, accounting, and engineering working together. The key aspects are communication through formed teams and management support. The benefits are reducing time to market by 25% or more, lowering capital investment by 20% or more, and increasing product life cycle profitability.
The document discusses key principles of design for manufacturing (DFM) including minimizing part count, using standard components and materials, designing for tolerances, collaborating with manufacturing, and understanding production processes and costs. It emphasizes reducing costs at each stage of production from components to assembly to overhead. Designs should be optimized through an iterative process of cost analysis and redesign while considering production volumes and other factors.
A major cost factor in the production of and component or assembly is its assembly. This section looks at some commonly used techniques which a designer can employ to ensure that assembly is cost effective and efficient. This is then linked to the use of jigs and fixtures for this purpose.
The document discusses design considerations for castings. It notes that casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create complex shapes. Successful casting requires controlling variables like the material, casting method, cooling rate, and gases. The document outlines design considerations like designing parts for easy casting, selecting suitable materials and processes, locating parting lines and gates, and including features like sprues and risers. It also discusses designing parts to avoid defects from things like shrinkage, stress concentrations, and uneven cooling. The document concludes by mentioning some common casting defects and factors in the economics of casting like costs of molds, materials, and production rates.
This document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles. It defines DFMA as designing products to be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. The document outlines general DFMA principles such as minimizing part count, using modular designs, making parts multifunctional, and using standard parts. It also lists advantages of applying DFMA such as reduced costs, higher quality, and increased reliability. DFMA software is mentioned as a tool to implement DFMA techniques and identify cost savings.
A case study on concurrent engineering in the development of automotive components using DFMA/DFX approach.
DFMA- DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.
“Design for manufacture” means the design for ease of manufacture for the collection of parts that will form the product after assembly.
“Design for assembly” means the design of the product for ease of assembly.
Design for x : Design for Manufacturing,Design for Assembly Naseel Ibnu Azeez
Concurrent engineering is a contemporary approach to DFSS. DFX techniques are part of detail design and are ideal approaches to improve life-cycle cost, quality, increased design flexibility, and increased efficiency and productivity using the concurrent design concepts (Maskell 1991). Benefits are usually pinned as competitiveness measures, improved decision-making, and enhanced operational efficiency. The letter “X” in DFX is made up of two parts: life-cycle processes x and performance measure
The document discusses process planning, which involves translating design requirements into manufacturing process details. It describes process planning as a bridge between design and manufacturing. The document then discusses several key aspects of process planning including analyzing part requirements, selecting materials and operations, interpreting designs, choosing equipment, and creating work instructions. Finally, it compares manual and computer-aided process planning (CAPP) methods, with CAPP helping to reduce time/costs and increase consistency and accuracy compared to experience-based manual methods. CAPP approaches include variant, generative, and automatic planning.
The document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA). It covers the fundamentals of DFMA, including design for manufacture, design for assembly, and differences between the two. It also provides examples of applying DFMA principles and guidelines to redesign a motor drive assembly to reduce the number of parts from 19 to 4. Reasons for not implementing DFMA are listed, such as lack of time, low volume production, and refusal to use DFMA tools. Advantages of applying DFMA during design include reduced cost, time to market, and improved quality.
The document discusses various computer-aided design (CAD) standards used for data exchange, including graphics standards like GKS and OpenGL, as well as data exchange standards like IGES, DXF, and STEP. It provides details on the purpose and requirements of each standard, explaining concepts like layers, entities, and file structure. The key standards discussed are IGES for shape data exchange, DXF for CAD file interchange, and STEP for comprehensive product data across the design and manufacturing lifecycle.
Design For Assembly- Machining COnsiderationaman1312
The document discusses design considerations for machining processes. It provides guidelines for facilitating milling, drilling, and keyway operations. Some recommendations include using standard cutter sizes, avoiding interrupted cuts, designing for easy fixturing, and allowing access for cutters. Overall the document outlines strategies for designing parts in a way that reduces the complexity and cost of machining.
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computer software to analyze product designs and improve engineering processes. It allows engineers to evaluate designs through simulation rather than physical testing, saving time and money. The goals of CAE include improved product quality and safety, reduced engineering time through fewer design iterations, and reduced costs. Common CAE applications include finite element analysis, mechanism analysis, and fluid dynamics simulation. CAE provides significant benefits to production such as earlier problem identification and reduced warranty exposure.
Top down assembly modeling involves first creating an assembly file with a skeleton layout sketch. Parts are then created within the assembly file and assembled using constraints. This approach allows designing from the overall assembly down to individual components. Benefits include having all design information centralized, reducing errors, and better managing large assemblies with thousands of parts. However, more upfront analysis is required compared to the bottom up approach of first creating individual parts separately before assembling them.
The document discusses design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) principles and guidelines. DFMA aims to design products so they can be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. Key principles include minimizing part count, making parts multi-functional, using standard parts and hardware, designing for modular assembly and ease of handling, and considering manufacturability in tolerances. Following DFMA leads to lower assembly costs and time, increased reliability, and shorter time to market.
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
CATIA is a 3D CAD software created by Dassault Systèmes. It is used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. CATIA allows users to create 3D models of parts and assemblies. It provides tools for sketching, part design, sheet metal design, and more. Key features include the specification tree to view a part's design history, assembly design tools to combine parts while defining relationships and constraints, and surface modeling tools for complex shapes.
The document discusses flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). It provides a history of FMS, describing how the concept originated in the 1960s and was first implemented by companies in the US, Germany, Russia, and Japan. It defines an FMS as an automated machine cell consisting of interconnected processing workstations and automated material handling. FMS offers benefits like reduced costs, optimized cycle times, and flexibility to handle different part styles and quick changeovers. It classifies FMS based on the number of machines and describes common components and layouts of FMS. Potential applications and advantages are also outlined, along with challenges associated with implementing FMS.
Introduction, Conventional and Revised with CAD/CAM Product cycle, Application of computers to the design process, comparison of capabilities of designers and computers, Reasons for implementing CAD, Benefits of CAD, CAD workstation,
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
This document provides an overview of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It discusses the general steps in CAPP, including design input, material selection, and cost estimation. It describes two main approaches to CAPP: variant CAPP, which retrieves and modifies existing process plans; and generative CAPP, which generates new plans using decision logic and algorithms. The advantages of CAPP are reducing time/costs and increasing consistency and productivity. The disadvantages include difficulty maintaining consistency and accounting for all manufacturing factors in variant CAPP, and high initial costs compared to manual planning.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
1. DFM decisions affect all aspects of the design from conception through production.
2. It is important to consider costs, production methods, time, material availability, and how design impacts performance.
3. Ways to reduce costs include using cheaper materials, less material, standardizing components, and designing for economies of scale in production.
The document discusses enhanced entity-relationship (EER) modeling concepts used to more completely represent requirements of complex database applications. It introduces subclasses/superclasses to represent subgroupings of entities, with subclasses inheriting attributes and relationships from superclasses. Specialization defines subclasses of a superclass based on distinguishing characteristics, while generalization combines entity sets with common features into a higher-level superclass. Constraints on specialization/generalization include predicate-defined subclasses with membership conditions and attribute-defined specializations.
A major cost factor in the production of and component or assembly is its assembly. This section looks at some commonly used techniques which a designer can employ to ensure that assembly is cost effective and efficient. This is then linked to the use of jigs and fixtures for this purpose.
The document discusses design considerations for castings. It notes that casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create complex shapes. Successful casting requires controlling variables like the material, casting method, cooling rate, and gases. The document outlines design considerations like designing parts for easy casting, selecting suitable materials and processes, locating parting lines and gates, and including features like sprues and risers. It also discusses designing parts to avoid defects from things like shrinkage, stress concentrations, and uneven cooling. The document concludes by mentioning some common casting defects and factors in the economics of casting like costs of molds, materials, and production rates.
This document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles. It defines DFMA as designing products to be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. The document outlines general DFMA principles such as minimizing part count, using modular designs, making parts multifunctional, and using standard parts. It also lists advantages of applying DFMA such as reduced costs, higher quality, and increased reliability. DFMA software is mentioned as a tool to implement DFMA techniques and identify cost savings.
A case study on concurrent engineering in the development of automotive components using DFMA/DFX approach.
DFMA- DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.
“Design for manufacture” means the design for ease of manufacture for the collection of parts that will form the product after assembly.
“Design for assembly” means the design of the product for ease of assembly.
Design for x : Design for Manufacturing,Design for Assembly Naseel Ibnu Azeez
Concurrent engineering is a contemporary approach to DFSS. DFX techniques are part of detail design and are ideal approaches to improve life-cycle cost, quality, increased design flexibility, and increased efficiency and productivity using the concurrent design concepts (Maskell 1991). Benefits are usually pinned as competitiveness measures, improved decision-making, and enhanced operational efficiency. The letter “X” in DFX is made up of two parts: life-cycle processes x and performance measure
The document discusses process planning, which involves translating design requirements into manufacturing process details. It describes process planning as a bridge between design and manufacturing. The document then discusses several key aspects of process planning including analyzing part requirements, selecting materials and operations, interpreting designs, choosing equipment, and creating work instructions. Finally, it compares manual and computer-aided process planning (CAPP) methods, with CAPP helping to reduce time/costs and increase consistency and accuracy compared to experience-based manual methods. CAPP approaches include variant, generative, and automatic planning.
The document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA). It covers the fundamentals of DFMA, including design for manufacture, design for assembly, and differences between the two. It also provides examples of applying DFMA principles and guidelines to redesign a motor drive assembly to reduce the number of parts from 19 to 4. Reasons for not implementing DFMA are listed, such as lack of time, low volume production, and refusal to use DFMA tools. Advantages of applying DFMA during design include reduced cost, time to market, and improved quality.
The document discusses various computer-aided design (CAD) standards used for data exchange, including graphics standards like GKS and OpenGL, as well as data exchange standards like IGES, DXF, and STEP. It provides details on the purpose and requirements of each standard, explaining concepts like layers, entities, and file structure. The key standards discussed are IGES for shape data exchange, DXF for CAD file interchange, and STEP for comprehensive product data across the design and manufacturing lifecycle.
Design For Assembly- Machining COnsiderationaman1312
The document discusses design considerations for machining processes. It provides guidelines for facilitating milling, drilling, and keyway operations. Some recommendations include using standard cutter sizes, avoiding interrupted cuts, designing for easy fixturing, and allowing access for cutters. Overall the document outlines strategies for designing parts in a way that reduces the complexity and cost of machining.
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computer software to analyze product designs and improve engineering processes. It allows engineers to evaluate designs through simulation rather than physical testing, saving time and money. The goals of CAE include improved product quality and safety, reduced engineering time through fewer design iterations, and reduced costs. Common CAE applications include finite element analysis, mechanism analysis, and fluid dynamics simulation. CAE provides significant benefits to production such as earlier problem identification and reduced warranty exposure.
Top down assembly modeling involves first creating an assembly file with a skeleton layout sketch. Parts are then created within the assembly file and assembled using constraints. This approach allows designing from the overall assembly down to individual components. Benefits include having all design information centralized, reducing errors, and better managing large assemblies with thousands of parts. However, more upfront analysis is required compared to the bottom up approach of first creating individual parts separately before assembling them.
The document discusses design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) principles and guidelines. DFMA aims to design products so they can be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. Key principles include minimizing part count, making parts multi-functional, using standard parts and hardware, designing for modular assembly and ease of handling, and considering manufacturability in tolerances. Following DFMA leads to lower assembly costs and time, increased reliability, and shorter time to market.
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
CATIA is a 3D CAD software created by Dassault Systèmes. It is used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. CATIA allows users to create 3D models of parts and assemblies. It provides tools for sketching, part design, sheet metal design, and more. Key features include the specification tree to view a part's design history, assembly design tools to combine parts while defining relationships and constraints, and surface modeling tools for complex shapes.
The document discusses flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). It provides a history of FMS, describing how the concept originated in the 1960s and was first implemented by companies in the US, Germany, Russia, and Japan. It defines an FMS as an automated machine cell consisting of interconnected processing workstations and automated material handling. FMS offers benefits like reduced costs, optimized cycle times, and flexibility to handle different part styles and quick changeovers. It classifies FMS based on the number of machines and describes common components and layouts of FMS. Potential applications and advantages are also outlined, along with challenges associated with implementing FMS.
Introduction, Conventional and Revised with CAD/CAM Product cycle, Application of computers to the design process, comparison of capabilities of designers and computers, Reasons for implementing CAD, Benefits of CAD, CAD workstation,
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
This document provides an overview of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It discusses the general steps in CAPP, including design input, material selection, and cost estimation. It describes two main approaches to CAPP: variant CAPP, which retrieves and modifies existing process plans; and generative CAPP, which generates new plans using decision logic and algorithms. The advantages of CAPP are reducing time/costs and increasing consistency and productivity. The disadvantages include difficulty maintaining consistency and accounting for all manufacturing factors in variant CAPP, and high initial costs compared to manual planning.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
1. DFM decisions affect all aspects of the design from conception through production.
2. It is important to consider costs, production methods, time, material availability, and how design impacts performance.
3. Ways to reduce costs include using cheaper materials, less material, standardizing components, and designing for economies of scale in production.
The document discusses enhanced entity-relationship (EER) modeling concepts used to more completely represent requirements of complex database applications. It introduces subclasses/superclasses to represent subgroupings of entities, with subclasses inheriting attributes and relationships from superclasses. Specialization defines subclasses of a superclass based on distinguishing characteristics, while generalization combines entity sets with common features into a higher-level superclass. Constraints on specialization/generalization include predicate-defined subclasses with membership conditions and attribute-defined specializations.
This is a presantation on railway reservation system project in php. project report and source code will be available soon . you can find it at www.avhishekblog.wordpress.com . hope this is useful to you
This document outlines a project to develop a railway booking and management system using Oracle 11g. The 6-member team will build the system over 1 month. It will allow online booking, payment, cancellation and refunds. The system will use Oracle 11g database on a Windows server, with a Linux testing platform. Entity relationship diagrams, data flow diagrams and system documentation will be created. The project aims to improve the existing railway reservation system in India.
This document describes a railway reservation system project created by three computer engineering students. It includes requirements, UML diagrams, and an abstract. The functional requirements are secure registration, payment, and account management. Non-functional requirements include performance, quality, and security. Technical requirements include using a browser, Apache server, MySQL, PHP, JavaScript, HTML and CSS. UML diagrams created for the project include class, object, use case, activity, statechart, sequence, collaboration, deployment, and package diagrams. These diagrams model different aspects of the railway reservation system.
Documentation of railway reservation systemSandip Murari
The document presents a feasibility study for a proposed railway reservation system project.
It outlines the key steps in conducting a feasibility study: describing candidate systems, evaluating their performance and costs, weighing the options, and selecting the best system.
The study considers important feasibility factors like economic, technical, and behavioral considerations to determine if the project is viable.
This is a project documentation titled: Online Railway Reservation System.
This documentation was submitted by me as my assignment in my 6th sem (2013) in APIIT SD INDIA, Panipat along with a full-fledged working system i.e., a website built using ASP.NET & SQL SERVER 2008
The document outlines the requirements for a railway reservation system. It includes sections on the overall description, functional requirements, non-functional requirements, and diagrams. The system will allow users to search for trains between destinations, select a train, review details and passengers, pay, and cancel reservations. It aims to automate the reservation process and provide 24/7 availability while meeting security, reliability, and maintainability standards. Diagrams including use case, class, and sequence diagrams will model the system functionality and interactions.
The document describes a railway reservation system that allows users to perform enquiries, reservations, cancellations, and check statuses. It outlines essential parameters like train details, passenger information, and stations. The reservation process acquires passenger details, checks seat availability, and issues tickets if available. Cancellations remove tickets if the number is valid, and enquiries display appropriate train information. Statuses show if a reservation is reserved or not reserved. The system utilizes structures, files, arrays of strings, and pointers.
The document discusses the development of a new management information system (MIS) for Children Support Agency (CSA). CSA currently faces issues with its outdated information system, including inconsistent data collection and a lack of reporting capabilities. The new MIS aims to address these issues by standardizing data entry, producing reports, and allowing authorized access to financial and project data. An agile development method called DSDM is proposed for building the MIS in increments. High-level requirements focus on collecting accurate data, generating management reports, and including performance indicators to measure projects. Stakeholder interviews helped identify additional key requirements.
This document discusses requirements analysis and prioritization for a new home sector order processing system for the Clean Brite Company (CBC). It begins by providing background on CBC and issues with a previous failed IT project. A requirements workshop was then held with various CBC departments to gather requirements. 18 initial requirements were listed, but some were deemed "non-appropriate high level requirements" as they were not functional or specific enough. The document identifies 11 "high level requirements" that are critical for the new system. It concludes by explaining MoSCoW prioritization for categorizing requirements as "Must have", "Should have", "Could have", or "Won't have".
This document presents a railway reservation system. It discusses how the reservation system works and the entities involved like customers, employees, trains, stations, tickets etc. It outlines the features, limitations, and requirements of the system. Logical data models are presented for each entity like tables for customer, employee, ticket etc with attributes. The document also includes data flow diagrams and ER diagram to represent flow of data and relationships between entities in the system.
Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) is a methodology used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. DFMA integrates product design and process planning to design products that are easily and economically manufactured. The goal of DFMA is to reduce material, overhead, and labor costs, shorten product development times, and utilize standardization to reduce costs. Key principles of DFMA include reducing the total number of parts, developing modular designs, using standard components, designing parts for multi-functionality and multi-use, and minimizing assembly directions.
DFM is the design of parts for ease of manufacturing to reduce costs, while DFA focuses on ease of assembly. Both aim to lower material, overhead, and labor expenses. DFM objectives include estimating manufacturing costs, reducing component and production support costs. DFA assists with minimum cost assembly by reducing parts and operations. Key differences are that DFA only considers assembly costs while DFM reduces overall production costs, and DFA favors complex individual parts while DFM prioritizes simple manufacturing.
This document discusses concepts related to product design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA). It defines DFMA as the combination of design for manufacturing (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) to efficiently manufacture and easily assemble products with minimum cost. The document outlines several key principles of DFMA, including reducing the number of parts, designing for ease of fabrication and manufacturing, utilizing common parts and materials, and mistake-proofing designs. The overall goal of DFMA is to integrate product design with manufacturing processes to lower costs and shorten development time.
Design for manufacturing (DFM) aims to design products for ease and lower cost of manufacturing by simplifying and optimizing the design. 70% of manufacturing costs are determined by design decisions. Guidelines for DFM include reducing part count, using modular and standard components, designing parts for multiple functions and uses, selecting optimal fabrication methods, avoiding separate fasteners, minimizing assembly directions and handling, and ensuring compliance and tolerance for errors. An example is intentionally rough welding on rocket motors to reduce unnecessary finishing costs.
This document discusses design for X (DFX), which refers to designing products to meet a wide range of criteria beyond just functionality and cost. It covers key aspects of DFX including design for manufacturability (DFM), design for assembly (DFA), and design for reliability. The document provides guidelines for DFM and DFA such as reducing part count, designing for modularity, using standard components, and designing for ease of handling and assembly. It also discusses error-proofing techniques like poka-yoke and snap-fit joints that can improve the manufacturing and assembly process. Overall, the document outlines how considering factors like quality, safety, manufacturing, and life cycle from the early design stages can help optimize a product
Facts on DFMA, Necessary for Next generation Designers to appreciate Integrate Design, Manufacturing and Assembly .
Collaborative Cross functional Team approach will bring Innovative and Low cost Quality Products into LIFE
DFMA is a design methodology that focuses on optimizing a product's design for manufacturing and assembly. It aims to minimize production costs and improve quality by considering manufacturing feasibility during the design phase. Key principles of DFMA include reducing part count, designing for modularity and self-alignment, using standard parts, and simplifying manufacturing processes. A case study shows redesigning a product using DFMA principles can significantly reduce assembly time, part count, manufacturing steps and costs. Overall, DFMA leads to easier and more efficient production.
The document discusses Design for X (DFX) which aims to improve product and process design before manufacturing. It focuses on Design for Manufacturing (DFM) which directly addresses manufacturing costs. DFM consists of 5 steps including reducing component, assembly, and production costs. Design for Assembly (DFA) specifically aims to ease assembly by using fewer parts, built-in fasteners, symmetry, and standardized parts to reduce assembly time and costs.
This document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA). It defines DFM as designing parts for ease of manufacturing to lower costs. DFM should be done early and involve engineers, designers, manufacturers. The five principles of DFM are process, design, material, environment, and compliance. DFM utilizes design drawings and process information. It is a five-step iterative process of estimating costs, reducing component costs, reducing assembly costs, reducing production support costs, and considering other impacts of DFM decisions. Key strategies include understanding manufacturing constraints, integrating parts, choosing appropriate volumes, and error-proofing designs.
This report is a research on how to use DFM (Design For Manufacturing) engineering method to reduce the cost and time of manufacturing. Additionally it is describing (how to choose/which is the best) production(manufacturing) technology.
The document summarizes the design for manufacturing and assembly of a folding chair. It discusses the old design of the chair which had many parts and complex manufacturing processes. The new design concept aims to reduce the number of parts to just three frames and a seat, all made from the same ABS material, which can be easily snap-fitted together. This simplifies manufacturing and assembly while reducing costs. DFMA and DFA principles and software are used to analyze the old design and develop the new concept chair.
This document summarizes a technical paper that discusses the use of design for manufacture (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) tools in modern manufacturing. It describes how DFM and DFA aim to reduce costs by integrating design and manufacturing considerations. Software tools are presented that help with tasks like estimating part costs, assembly times, and evaluating design alternatives. The principles and approaches of DFM, DFA, and integrated design tools are outlined.
This document summarizes the application of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) methodology to reduce costs in the steel furniture industry. It presents two case studies where DFMA was applied: a folding chair and bunk bed. For the folding chair, the redesign reduced parts from 9 to 3, lowering costs from Rs. 675 to Rs. 607 per unit. For the bunk bed, parts were reduced from 29 to 9 and total costs lowered from Rs. 4530 to Rs. 3630. DFMA principles like reducing parts, optimizing for ease of assembly and manufacture, and material selection can significantly lower product costs when applied early in the design process.
This document summarizes a technical paper about design for manufacture (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) tools. It discusses how DFM and DFA principles were developed to improve manufacturability and reduce costs. Software tools that integrate DFM and DFA analysis are presented, including the Boothroyd-Dewhurst software. The paper concludes by examining decision models for selecting DFM/DFA software based on required functions, supported processes, interfaces, and operating systems.
This document summarizes a seminar on design for manufacturing and assembly processes. It discusses how design for manufacturing (DFM) aims to minimize production costs and time to market while maintaining quality. DFM strategies include reducing part counts and selecting appropriate manufacturing methods. Design for assembly (DFA) specifically focuses on minimizing assembly costs by reducing assembly operations and making individual parts easier to assemble. The document provides guidelines for DFA, such as reducing part counts, standardizing parts, simplifying assembly, and designing self-locating and self-fastening parts.
This document summarizes a seminar on design for manufacturing and assembly processes. It discusses how design for manufacturing (DFM) aims to minimize production costs and time to market while maintaining quality. DFM strategies include reducing part counts and selecting appropriate manufacturing methods. Design for assembly (DFA) specifically focuses on minimizing assembly costs by reducing assembly operations and making individual parts easier to assemble. The document provides guidelines for DFA, such as reducing part counts, standardizing parts, simplifying assembly, and designing self-locating and self-fastening parts to streamline the assembly process.
This document discusses concurrent engineering and related concepts like sequential engineering, design for manufacturing (DFM), and design for assembly (DFA). It defines concurrent engineering as handling product design, development, manufacturing equipment/processes, and repair tools simultaneously rather than consecutively. This decreases development time and improves productivity and costs. The document contrasts sequential and concurrent engineering processes. It also outlines the benefits of DFM and DFA, like simpler fabrication/assembly and improved quality. Tools for concurrent engineering include design guidelines, computer-aided design, and failure analysis. The conclusion states that implementing concurrent engineering and DFMA approaches can reduce costs and time to market.
The document provides an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques. It defines DFMA as a methodology used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. The objectives are to understand how product design influences cost, criteria for part minimization, quantitative analysis of design efficiency, and the importance of involving production engineers. Design for Assembly (DFA) focuses on reducing assembly cost by minimizing parts and operations, while Design for Manufacturing (DFM) aims to reduce part production cost through process optimization. Both seek to lower material, overhead and labor costs. The document outlines DFA and DFM principles and processes to analyze and optimize designs.
DFM is a principle that aims to improve efficiency by minimizing the number of parts needed for assembly. It differs from traditional sequential project approaches by integrating manufacturing activities earlier. This reduces time to market and facilitates coordination across departments. DFM tools help evaluate design options to optimize for manufacturability, costs, quality and other factors. While tools have limitations, DFM provides advantages like reducing development time and costs when applied throughout the design process.
This document provides an overview of the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) course. It begins with the course details, outcomes, and units. It then discusses key DFMA principles like minimizing part count, designing for ease of assembly, and involving assembly engineers. It covers Design for Manufacture (DFM) principles like selecting cost-effective materials and processes. It also discusses tolerances, clarity of design, and ease of manufacturing. The document provides examples of different classification systems for engineering materials and guidelines for material selection. Finally, it discusses various machining processes like turning, milling, and different types of milling machines and operations.
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DFMA design for manufacturing and assembly
1. Design for Manufacturing
By : Omer Chasib k.
2014
University of Baghdad
Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering
Automated Manufacturing Engineering
Department
2. Purpose Statement
To provide an overview of Design for
Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)
techniques, which are used to minimize
product cost through design and process
improvements.
3. Design for Manufacturing
Definition: DFM is the method of design for ease of
manufacturing of the collection of parts that will form the product
after assembly.
‘Optimization of the
manufacturing
process…’
DFA is a tool used to select the most cost effective material and
process to be used in the production in the early stages of product
design.
4. Major DFM objectives
1) Estimate the mfg. costs
2) Reduce the costs of components
3) Reduce the costs of assembly
4) Reduce the costs of supporting production
5) Consider the impact of DFM decisions on other
factors.
5. Design for Assembly
Definition: DFA is the method of design of the
product for ease of assembly.
‘…Optimization
of the part/system
assembly’
DFA is a tool used to assist the design teams in the design of
products that will transition to productions at a minimum cost,
focusing on the number of parts, handling and ease of assembly.
6. Differences
Design for Assembly (DFA)
• concerned only with reducing product assembly
cost
▫ minimizes number of assembly operations
▫ individual parts tend to be more complex in design
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
• concerned with reducing overall part production
cost
▫ minimizes complexity of manufacturing operations
▫ uses common datum features and primary axes
7. Similarities
• Both DFM and DFA seek to reduce material,
overhead, and labor cost.
• They both shorten the product development cycle time.
• Both DFM and DFA seek to utilize standards to reduce
cost
8. Terminology
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for
Assembly (DFA) are now commonly referred to as a
single methodology, Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly (DFMA) .
11. Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and design for
assembly (DFA) are the integration of product
design and process planning into one common
activity.
The goal is to design a product that is easily and
economically manufactured.
12. The heart of any design for manufacturing system is a
group of design principles or guidelines that are
structured to help the designer reduce the cost and
difficulty of manufacturing an item. The following is a
listing of these rules
13. Reduce the total number of parts
The reduction of the number of parts in a product is probably the best
opportunity for reducing manufacturing costs. Less parts implies
less purchases, inventory, handling, processing time, development
time, equipment, engineering time, assembly difficulty, service
inspection, testing
14. Develop a modular design
The use of modules in product design simplifies
manufacturing activities such as inspection, testing,
assembly, purchasing, redesign, maintenance, service
15. Use of standard components
Standard components are less expensive than custom-
made items. The high availability of these components
reduces product lead times.
16. Design parts to be multi-functional
Multi-functional parts reduce the total number of parts in
a design, thus, obtaining the benefits given in rule 1.
Some examples are a part to act as both an electric
conductor and as a structural member, or as a heat
dissipating element and as a structural member.
17. Design parts for multi-use
In a manufacturing firm, different products can share
parts that have been designed for multi-use. These parts
can have the same or different functions when used in
different products.
In order to do this, it is necessary to identify the parts that
are suitable for multi-use. For example, all the parts used
in the firm (purchased or made) can be sorted into two
groups: the first containing all the parts that are used
commonly in all products.
18. Design for ease of fabrication
Select the optimum combination between the material and
fabrication process to minimize the overall
manufacturing cost. In general, final operations such as
painting, polishing, finish machining, etc. should be
avoided. Excessive tolerance, surface-finish requirement,
and so on are commonly found problems that result in
higher than necessary production cost.
19. Avoid separate fasteners
The use of fasteners increases the cost of manufacturing a
part due to the handling and feeding operations that
have to be performed. Besides the high cost of the
equipment required for them, these operations are not
100% successful, so they contribute to reducing the
overall manufacturing efficiency. In general, fasteners
should be avoided and replaced, for example, by using
tabs or snap fits.
22. Minimize assembly directions
All parts should be assembled from one direction. If
possible, the best way to add parts is from above, in a
vertical direction, parallel to the gravitational direction
(downward).
In this way, the effects of gravity help the assembly
process, contrary to having to compensate for its effect
when other directions are chosen.
27. Reference
1. Assembly Automation and Product Design
G. Boothroyd, Marcell Dekker, Inc. 1992
2. Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly
G. Boothroyd and P. Dewhurst, Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. 1989
Marcell Dekker, Inc. 1994
3. Design and Analysis of Manufacturing Systems
Prof. Rajan Suri University of Wisconsin 1995
4. Product Design for Assembly: The Methodology Applied
G. Lewis and H. Connelly