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DNA fingerprinting (profiling) :
BY
dr: Mohammed Bahgat Mohammed Sofyan
Assistant lecturer of medical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar
university (Assiut branch)
1
2
‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬
3
‫صورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اضغط‬
‫عرض‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫في‬
‫على‬ ‫وادعمنا‬ ‫الشاشة‬
‫اإلنترن‬ ‫على‬ ‫قنواتنا‬
‫ت‬
‫على‬ ‫ملفي‬ ‫في‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫أرفعها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫شرائحي‬ ‫ومذاكرة‬ ‫بالتعلم‬ ‫وأسعد‬ ‫وأرحب‬ ‫أسمح‬
Slide share website
‫وال‬
‫مانع‬
‫أيضا‬
‫من‬
‫نسخ‬
‫شريحة‬
‫او‬
‫اثنين‬
‫عند‬
‫الضرورة‬
،
‫وال‬
‫مانع‬
‫من‬
‫شرح‬
‫البوربو‬
‫ينت‬
‫الخاصة‬
‫بي‬
‫للغير‬
‫بشرط‬
‫عدم‬
‫إزالة‬
‫اسمي‬
‫من‬
‫البوربوينت‬
،
‫فال‬
‫أسمح‬
‫أبدا‬
‫بإزالة‬
‫اسمي‬
‫من‬
‫على‬
‫الباوربوينت‬
‫ووضع‬
‫اسمك‬
‫بدال‬
‫منه‬
‫لتصبح‬
‫وكأنك‬
‫من‬
‫صممتها‬
‫فهذه‬
‫سرقة‬
‫ال‬
‫أسمح‬
‫بها‬
‫وتضييع‬
‫لحق‬
‫من‬
‫تعب‬
‫في‬
‫عملها‬
.
‫وفقكم‬
‫هللا‬
‫وإياي‬
‫للتعلم‬
‫ونفع‬
‫اآلخرين‬
I allow, welcome, and be happy to learn and study my slides that I
upload here in my profile on Slide share website
There is also no objection to copying one or two slides when
necessary, and there is no objection to explaining my PowerPoint to
others on the condition that my name is not removed from the
PowerPoint. I never allow my name to be removed from PowerPoint
and to replace it with yours, Make it look like you designed it. This is
theft that I do not allow and a waste of the right of those who are
tired in this work. May God bless you and me for learning and
benefiting others
5
‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫هيا‬ ‫ايه‬
DNA
‫؟‬
6
7
•Although 99.9% of human DNA
sequences are the same in every person,
enough of the DNA ( 0.1%) is different
that it is possible to distinguish one
individual from another, unless they are
monozygotic (identical) twins.
8
Sample
Blood
Semen
hair
Saliva
buccal swab,…
9
Sample
Collection
10
Sample Collection
11
Priliminary tests
•
،‫شعر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫منوي‬ ‫سائل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أوال‬ ‫تتأكد‬ ‫الزم‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫معلومة‬
...
‫يشب‬ ‫كالكركاديه‬ ‫له‬ ‫مشابه‬ ‫شيئ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫فقد‬
‫الدم‬ ‫ه‬
‫وهكذا‬
..
‫ذلك‬ ‫لمعرفة‬ ‫اإلختبارات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫عملوا‬ ‫ولذلك‬
.
•
‫له‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فمثال‬
• Priliminary tests as :
• 1_ phenolphthalein test
• 2_ Fluorescence test
• 3_ luminol test
•
‫مش‬ ‫اإلختبارات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫كل‬
specific
‫جدا‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫لكنها‬
-
‫هنا‬ ‫لذكرها‬ ‫داعي‬ ‫ال‬
-
•
‫اخ‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫لتأكيد‬ ‫فسنضطر‬ ‫إيجابية‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫أعطت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أما‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ليست‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫سلبيه‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫أعطت‬ ‫إن‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫تبارات‬
confirmatory tests
12
Luminol Test at a Crime Scene
phenolphthalein test
13
Confirmatory tests
• 1_ Microscopic examination
•
‫الحمراء‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كرات‬ ‫تشوف‬
.
2_ Micro-chemical tests as Teichmann's test, Takayama's test.
3_ Immunochromatographic analysis :
14
Immunochromatographic
analysis
3_ Immunochromatographic analysis
:
‫ودي‬
‫شرايط‬
‫مثل‬
‫شرايط‬
‫الحمل‬
‫بندور‬
‫فيها‬
‫علي‬
• Specfic antigen as glycoohorin
antigen for blood,P30 for semen
and amylase for saliva,…..
‫هذه‬
‫اختبارات‬
‫تأكيدية‬
‫للبحث‬
‫عن‬
Ag
‫معين‬
‫خاص‬
‫بهم‬
‫عن‬
‫طريق‬
‫شرايط‬
‫مثل‬
‫شرايط‬
‫الحمل‬
15
•Although 99.9% of human DNA
sequences are the same in every person,
enough of the DNA ( 0.1%) is different
that it is possible to distinguish one
individual from another, unless they are
monozygotic (identical) twins.
16
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs(
•
‫ال‬
DNA
‫من‬ ‫يتكون‬
• Coding and noncoding DNA
•
‫ال‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫إن‬ ‫قالك‬
• coding DNA
•
،‫الناس‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫متشابه‬
‫ما‬ ‫نوعا‬
•
‫في‬ ‫وجدوا‬ ‫لكن‬
• Non coding DNA
•
‫فمثال‬ ،‫مرات‬ ‫ست‬ ،‫خمسة‬ ،‫أربعة‬ ،‫ثالثة‬ ،‫مرتين‬ ‫يعني‬ ،‫مرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مكررة‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫به‬ ‫يوجد‬
• CGTA CGTA CGTA CGTA CGTA,.....
•
‫تسمي‬
• short tandem repeats (STRs)
17
Coding and Non-coding
DNA
From body to DNA
18
19
Short Tandem
Repeats (STRs)
20
21
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs(
• short tandem repeats (STRs)
•
‫ال‬ ‫علي‬ ‫موجودة‬
DNA
‫هذه‬ ‫إن‬ ‫جميال‬ ‫شيئا‬ ‫ووجدوا‬ ،‫النيكلوتيدات‬ ‫من‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫كل‬
short tandem repeats (STRs)
•
‫ال‬ ‫له‬ ‫المشابه‬ ‫الشقيق‬ ‫للكروموسوم‬ ‫كروموسوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتكرارها‬ ‫عددها‬ ‫يختلف‬
Homologus chromosome .
‫يختلفوا‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬ ‫جميعا‬ ‫أشكالهم‬ ‫ومجموع‬ ،‫الشخص‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫علي‬
‫شخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫والتكرار‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬
،‫آلخر‬
‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫دي‬ ‫هيه‬ ‫بس‬ ‫قالوا‬
DNA
• DNA fingerprint
•
‫ال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫مجموع‬ ‫إنسان‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يعني‬
STRs
•
‫آلخر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتكرارها‬ ‫عددها‬ ‫في‬ ‫منها‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تختلف‬
22
DNA Profiles from12 Unrelated Individuals At
ONE Polymorphic Locus
23
METHODS
•
‫أشخاص‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫من‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تخص‬ ‫دي‬ ‫تشوف‬ ‫وعاوزو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫عندك‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لو‬ ‫يعني‬
•
‫اآلتي‬ ‫واعمل‬ ‫األصلية‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫لعينة‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫منهم‬ ‫وآخذ‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫هؤالء‬ ‫أحضر‬
:
• 1_ DNA extraction to all speicment
• 2_ PCR to these short tandem repeats on many locus
•
‫أكبر‬
‫هذه‬
‫القطع‬
‫فقط‬
‫اللي‬
‫هيه‬
STRs
•
‫اللي‬
‫هيه‬
‫مختلفة‬
‫من‬
‫كروموسوم‬
‫للكروموسوم‬
،‫المشابه‬
‫ومن‬
‫شخص‬
‫آلخر‬
‫في‬
‫عدد‬
‫التكرار‬
‫وبالتالي‬
‫في‬
‫عدد‬
‫ال‬
• base pair
•
‫وبالتالي‬
‫في‬
‫مكانها‬
‫علي‬
• Electrophoresis
‫طبعا‬
‫بستخدم‬
‫ال‬
PCR
‫في‬
‫أكثر‬
‫من‬
‫مكان‬
‫باستخدام‬
‫أكثر‬
‫من‬
probe
،
‫قد‬
‫يصل‬
‫إلي‬
20
‫أو‬
‫أكثر‬
،
‫علشان‬
‫يستحيل‬
‫التشابه‬
‫بين‬
‫شخص‬
‫وآخر‬
24
3_ gel
electrophoresis
•
‫أجريهم‬
‫علي‬
‫الجل‬
‫يقوم‬
‫كل‬
‫شخص‬
‫يخرج‬
‫له‬
‫قطع‬
‫مختل‬
‫فة‬
‫من‬
‫ال‬
DNA
‫تختلف‬
‫عن‬
‫غيره‬
• different Fragment length of Tandem
Repeats
•
‫وبكده‬
‫تعرفنا‬
‫علي‬
‫الشخص‬
‫من‬
‫خالل‬
‫بصمته‬
‫علي‬
‫ال‬
DNA
25
26
METHODS
•
‫هتكبر‬ ‫انت‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫أقول‬ ‫بس‬ ‫عاوز‬
• short tandem repeats
•
‫وتستخدمه‬ ‫هتكبره‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫هيبقي‬ ، ‫معين‬ ‫كروموسوم‬ ‫علي‬
• 1band if 2 alleles are homologus
• 2 bands if 2 alleles are heterozygous
•
‫وفي‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫أربع‬ ‫يتكرر‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الكروموسومات‬ ‫احدي‬ ‫في‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫موضع‬ ‫كبرت‬ ‫لو‬ ‫يعني‬
‫لي‬ ‫فيخرج‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫خمس‬ ‫يتكرر‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫الكروموسوم‬
• 2 Bands
•
‫يخرج‬ ‫متشابهين‬ ‫الكروموسومين‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لو‬ ‫أما‬
• 1 band
•
‫موقع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫يبقي‬
1
‫أو‬
2
band
،
‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫دي‬ ‫وتبقي‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ونضعهم‬ ‫المواقع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫نجمع‬
DNA
27
Capillary electrophoresis
•
‫طبعا‬
‫ممكن‬
‫ال‬
bands
‫تبقي‬
‫علي‬
‫هيئة‬
peaks
‫في‬
‫حالة‬
• Capillary electrophoresis .
•
‫طبعا‬
‫كل‬
‫موقع‬
‫هيبقي‬
• 1peak if 2 alleles are homologous
• 2 peaks if 2 alleles are heterozygous
28
29
BANDS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND PEAKS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS
30
Benefit of DNA fingerprinting
• 1_ Forensic Medicine in criminal cases
•
‫الش‬ ‫بيها‬ ‫وأعمل‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أجيب‬ ‫متهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫شاكك‬ ‫وأنا‬ ‫لعاب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شعر‬ ‫الجريمة‬ ‫مسرح‬ ‫في‬
‫غل‬
‫الجاني‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫متطابقين‬ ‫لو‬ ،‫المتهم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫وأعمله‬ ،‫فات‬ ‫اللي‬
.
2_ Paternity
•
‫هيب‬ ‫اإلبن‬ ‫أكيد‬ ،‫ابنهم‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫واآلباء‬ ‫ولألم‬ ،‫للجنين‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫نعمل‬
‫من‬ ‫واخد‬ ‫قي‬
‫أبيه‬ ‫من‬ ‫هياخد‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫وأمه‬ ‫أبيه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫سيتطابق‬ ‫اإلبن‬ ‫هنا‬ ،‫وأمه‬ ‫أبيه‬
allel
‫اآلخر‬ ‫أمه‬ ‫ومن‬
.
•
‫موقعين‬ ‫أو‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫في‬ ‫التطابق‬ ‫بعدم‬ ‫مسموح‬ ‫وطبعا‬
.
3_ others :
31
EXAMPLES
32
33
Paternity
•
‫في‬
‫حاالت‬
‫ال‬
• Paternity
•
‫البد‬
‫أن‬
‫يكون‬
‫متطابق‬
‫مع‬
‫األب‬
‫واألم‬
‫وال‬
‫يتس‬
‫امح‬
‫في‬
‫سوى‬
2
‫من‬
‫عدم‬
،‫التطابق‬
‫وكذلك‬
‫في‬
• Forensic Medicine in criminal
cases
34
REFERENCES :
• _ https://labtestsonline.org
• _ https://www.medscape.com
• _ https://www.wikipedia.org
• _ https ps://www.labcorp.com
• _ https://www.uptodate.com
• _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home - PubMed – NCBI
• _TIETZ TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, SIXTH EDITION 2018.
• _Essential of clinical pathology book; 1st edition; Shirish M Kawthalkar; 2010.
• _Essential of biochemistry book ;1st edition; 2012.
• _ ABC of clinical hematology ; 4th edition ; Drew Provan; 2018.
• _ Harper's illustrated biochemistry 30th edition 2015.
• _ Lippincott's illustrated review of biochemistry sixth edition 2014.
• _ Lecturea Notes Clinical Biochemistry, 9th Edition Walker, Simon, 2103.
• _Some audios and videos from Well-known, trusted professors who study from accredited
books.
35
‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫دي‬
‫د‬ ‫باسم‬
.
‫سفيان‬ ‫بهجت‬ ‫محمد‬
،
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫بالقناة‬ ‫وتشتركوا‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaYs1d8s0ntZvteHS3mMmGA
‫ب‬ ‫الفيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫انضمامكم‬ ‫يشرفنا‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫بتاعتي‬ ‫الصفحة‬ ‫دي‬
DMBMS2018
،
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
https://www.facebook.com/DMBMS2018/
‫باسم‬ ‫التلجرام‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫ودي‬
ِ ‫للناس‬ ‫أنفعهم‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫خير‬
📚
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ِريت‬‫ا‬‫ي‬
https://t.me/DMBMS2020
‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬
‫لينكيدإن‬
‫وتعملولي‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
endorsement
‫مهاراتي‬ ‫على‬
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohammed-bahgat-sofyan-8ba012142/
‫موقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫وده‬
SlideShare
‫تتابعونا‬ ‫ياريت‬
https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedBahgatMohamm1
‫وده‬
‫بروفايلي‬
‫الشخصي‬
‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬
https://www.facebook.com/mohammed.bahgat.165
‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫على‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫الخاص‬ ‫اللوجوا‬ ‫وده‬
#
‫دمحمد‬
_
‫بهجت‬
_
‫سفيان‬
_
medical_biochimestry 36
THANK YOU
Meet on the
best later, God
willing
37

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DNA fingerprint

  • 1. DNA fingerprinting (profiling) : BY dr: Mohammed Bahgat Mohammed Sofyan Assistant lecturer of medical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar university (Assiut branch) 1
  • 2. 2
  • 4. ‫صورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اضغط‬ ‫عرض‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫في‬ ‫على‬ ‫وادعمنا‬ ‫الشاشة‬ ‫اإلنترن‬ ‫على‬ ‫قنواتنا‬ ‫ت‬
  • 5. ‫على‬ ‫ملفي‬ ‫في‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫أرفعها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫شرائحي‬ ‫ومذاكرة‬ ‫بالتعلم‬ ‫وأسعد‬ ‫وأرحب‬ ‫أسمح‬ Slide share website ‫وال‬ ‫مانع‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫من‬ ‫نسخ‬ ‫شريحة‬ ‫او‬ ‫اثنين‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الضرورة‬ ، ‫وال‬ ‫مانع‬ ‫من‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫البوربو‬ ‫ينت‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫بي‬ ‫للغير‬ ‫بشرط‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫اسمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫البوربوينت‬ ، ‫فال‬ ‫أسمح‬ ‫أبدا‬ ‫بإزالة‬ ‫اسمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫على‬ ‫الباوربوينت‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫اسمك‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫منه‬ ‫لتصبح‬ ‫وكأنك‬ ‫من‬ ‫صممتها‬ ‫فهذه‬ ‫سرقة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أسمح‬ ‫بها‬ ‫وتضييع‬ ‫لحق‬ ‫من‬ ‫تعب‬ ‫في‬ ‫عملها‬ . ‫وفقكم‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫وإياي‬ ‫للتعلم‬ ‫ونفع‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ I allow, welcome, and be happy to learn and study my slides that I upload here in my profile on Slide share website There is also no objection to copying one or two slides when necessary, and there is no objection to explaining my PowerPoint to others on the condition that my name is not removed from the PowerPoint. I never allow my name to be removed from PowerPoint and to replace it with yours, Make it look like you designed it. This is theft that I do not allow and a waste of the right of those who are tired in this work. May God bless you and me for learning and benefiting others 5
  • 6. ‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫هيا‬ ‫ايه‬ DNA ‫؟‬ 6
  • 7. 7
  • 8. •Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA ( 0.1%) is different that it is possible to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic (identical) twins. 8
  • 12. Priliminary tests • ،‫شعر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫منوي‬ ‫سائل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أوال‬ ‫تتأكد‬ ‫الزم‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫معلومة‬ ... ‫يشب‬ ‫كالكركاديه‬ ‫له‬ ‫مشابه‬ ‫شيئ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫فقد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وهكذا‬ .. ‫ذلك‬ ‫لمعرفة‬ ‫اإلختبارات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫عملوا‬ ‫ولذلك‬ . • ‫له‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فمثال‬ • Priliminary tests as : • 1_ phenolphthalein test • 2_ Fluorescence test • 3_ luminol test • ‫مش‬ ‫اإلختبارات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫كل‬ specific ‫جدا‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫لكنها‬ - ‫هنا‬ ‫لذكرها‬ ‫داعي‬ ‫ال‬ - • ‫اخ‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫لتأكيد‬ ‫فسنضطر‬ ‫إيجابية‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫أعطت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أما‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ليست‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫سلبيه‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫أعطت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫تبارات‬ confirmatory tests 12
  • 13. Luminol Test at a Crime Scene phenolphthalein test 13
  • 14. Confirmatory tests • 1_ Microscopic examination • ‫الحمراء‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كرات‬ ‫تشوف‬ . 2_ Micro-chemical tests as Teichmann's test, Takayama's test. 3_ Immunochromatographic analysis : 14
  • 15. Immunochromatographic analysis 3_ Immunochromatographic analysis : ‫ودي‬ ‫شرايط‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫شرايط‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫بندور‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫علي‬ • Specfic antigen as glycoohorin antigen for blood,P30 for semen and amylase for saliva,….. ‫هذه‬ ‫اختبارات‬ ‫تأكيدية‬ ‫للبحث‬ ‫عن‬ Ag ‫معين‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫شرايط‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫شرايط‬ ‫الحمل‬ 15
  • 16. •Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA ( 0.1%) is different that it is possible to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic (identical) twins. 16
  • 17. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs( • ‫ال‬ DNA ‫من‬ ‫يتكون‬ • Coding and noncoding DNA • ‫ال‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫إن‬ ‫قالك‬ • coding DNA • ،‫الناس‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫متشابه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نوعا‬ • ‫في‬ ‫وجدوا‬ ‫لكن‬ • Non coding DNA • ‫فمثال‬ ،‫مرات‬ ‫ست‬ ،‫خمسة‬ ،‫أربعة‬ ،‫ثالثة‬ ،‫مرتين‬ ‫يعني‬ ،‫مرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مكررة‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫به‬ ‫يوجد‬ • CGTA CGTA CGTA CGTA CGTA,..... • ‫تسمي‬ • short tandem repeats (STRs) 17
  • 19. 19
  • 21. 21
  • 22. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs( • short tandem repeats (STRs) • ‫ال‬ ‫علي‬ ‫موجودة‬ DNA ‫هذه‬ ‫إن‬ ‫جميال‬ ‫شيئا‬ ‫ووجدوا‬ ،‫النيكلوتيدات‬ ‫من‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫كل‬ short tandem repeats (STRs) • ‫ال‬ ‫له‬ ‫المشابه‬ ‫الشقيق‬ ‫للكروموسوم‬ ‫كروموسوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتكرارها‬ ‫عددها‬ ‫يختلف‬ Homologus chromosome . ‫يختلفوا‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬ ‫جميعا‬ ‫أشكالهم‬ ‫ومجموع‬ ،‫الشخص‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫علي‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫والتكرار‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ،‫آلخر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫دي‬ ‫هيه‬ ‫بس‬ ‫قالوا‬ DNA • DNA fingerprint • ‫ال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫مجموع‬ ‫إنسان‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يعني‬ STRs • ‫آلخر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتكرارها‬ ‫عددها‬ ‫في‬ ‫منها‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تختلف‬ 22
  • 23. DNA Profiles from12 Unrelated Individuals At ONE Polymorphic Locus 23
  • 24. METHODS • ‫أشخاص‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫من‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تخص‬ ‫دي‬ ‫تشوف‬ ‫وعاوزو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫عندك‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لو‬ ‫يعني‬ • ‫اآلتي‬ ‫واعمل‬ ‫األصلية‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫لعينة‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫منهم‬ ‫وآخذ‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫هؤالء‬ ‫أحضر‬ : • 1_ DNA extraction to all speicment • 2_ PCR to these short tandem repeats on many locus • ‫أكبر‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫القطع‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫هيه‬ STRs • ‫اللي‬ ‫هيه‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫من‬ ‫كروموسوم‬ ‫للكروموسوم‬ ،‫المشابه‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫آلخر‬ ‫في‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫التكرار‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫في‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ال‬ • base pair • ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫في‬ ‫مكانها‬ ‫علي‬ • Electrophoresis ‫طبعا‬ ‫بستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ PCR ‫في‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫من‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫من‬ probe ، ‫قد‬ ‫يصل‬ ‫إلي‬ 20 ‫أو‬ ‫أكثر‬ ، ‫علشان‬ ‫يستحيل‬ ‫التشابه‬ ‫بين‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫وآخر‬ 24
  • 25. 3_ gel electrophoresis • ‫أجريهم‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الجل‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫كل‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫يخرج‬ ‫له‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫مختل‬ ‫فة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ال‬ DNA ‫تختلف‬ ‫عن‬ ‫غيره‬ • different Fragment length of Tandem Repeats • ‫وبكده‬ ‫تعرفنا‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫بصمته‬ ‫علي‬ ‫ال‬ DNA 25
  • 26. 26
  • 27. METHODS • ‫هتكبر‬ ‫انت‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫أقول‬ ‫بس‬ ‫عاوز‬ • short tandem repeats • ‫وتستخدمه‬ ‫هتكبره‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫هيبقي‬ ، ‫معين‬ ‫كروموسوم‬ ‫علي‬ • 1band if 2 alleles are homologus • 2 bands if 2 alleles are heterozygous • ‫وفي‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫أربع‬ ‫يتكرر‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الكروموسومات‬ ‫احدي‬ ‫في‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫موضع‬ ‫كبرت‬ ‫لو‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫لي‬ ‫فيخرج‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫خمس‬ ‫يتكرر‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫الكروموسوم‬ • 2 Bands • ‫يخرج‬ ‫متشابهين‬ ‫الكروموسومين‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لو‬ ‫أما‬ • 1 band • ‫موقع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫يبقي‬ 1 ‫أو‬ 2 band ، ‫ال‬ ‫بصمة‬ ‫دي‬ ‫وتبقي‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ونضعهم‬ ‫المواقع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫نجمع‬ DNA 27
  • 28. Capillary electrophoresis • ‫طبعا‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫ال‬ bands ‫تبقي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫هيئة‬ peaks ‫في‬ ‫حالة‬ • Capillary electrophoresis . • ‫طبعا‬ ‫كل‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫هيبقي‬ • 1peak if 2 alleles are homologous • 2 peaks if 2 alleles are heterozygous 28
  • 29. 29
  • 30. BANDS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND PEAKS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS 30
  • 31. Benefit of DNA fingerprinting • 1_ Forensic Medicine in criminal cases • ‫الش‬ ‫بيها‬ ‫وأعمل‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أجيب‬ ‫متهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫شاكك‬ ‫وأنا‬ ‫لعاب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شعر‬ ‫الجريمة‬ ‫مسرح‬ ‫في‬ ‫غل‬ ‫الجاني‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫متطابقين‬ ‫لو‬ ،‫المتهم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫وأعمله‬ ،‫فات‬ ‫اللي‬ . 2_ Paternity • ‫هيب‬ ‫اإلبن‬ ‫أكيد‬ ،‫ابنهم‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫واآلباء‬ ‫ولألم‬ ،‫للجنين‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫نعمل‬ ‫من‬ ‫واخد‬ ‫قي‬ ‫أبيه‬ ‫من‬ ‫هياخد‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫وأمه‬ ‫أبيه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫سيتطابق‬ ‫اإلبن‬ ‫هنا‬ ،‫وأمه‬ ‫أبيه‬ allel ‫اآلخر‬ ‫أمه‬ ‫ومن‬ . • ‫موقعين‬ ‫أو‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫في‬ ‫التطابق‬ ‫بعدم‬ ‫مسموح‬ ‫وطبعا‬ . 3_ others : 31
  • 33. 33
  • 35. REFERENCES : • _ https://labtestsonline.org • _ https://www.medscape.com • _ https://www.wikipedia.org • _ https ps://www.labcorp.com • _ https://www.uptodate.com • _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home - PubMed – NCBI • _TIETZ TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, SIXTH EDITION 2018. • _Essential of clinical pathology book; 1st edition; Shirish M Kawthalkar; 2010. • _Essential of biochemistry book ;1st edition; 2012. • _ ABC of clinical hematology ; 4th edition ; Drew Provan; 2018. • _ Harper's illustrated biochemistry 30th edition 2015. • _ Lippincott's illustrated review of biochemistry sixth edition 2014. • _ Lecturea Notes Clinical Biochemistry, 9th Edition Walker, Simon, 2103. • _Some audios and videos from Well-known, trusted professors who study from accredited books. 35
  • 36. ‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫دي‬ ‫د‬ ‫باسم‬ . ‫سفيان‬ ‫بهجت‬ ‫محمد‬ ، ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫بالقناة‬ ‫وتشتركوا‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaYs1d8s0ntZvteHS3mMmGA ‫ب‬ ‫الفيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫انضمامكم‬ ‫يشرفنا‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫بتاعتي‬ ‫الصفحة‬ ‫دي‬ DMBMS2018 ، ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ https://www.facebook.com/DMBMS2018/ ‫باسم‬ ‫التلجرام‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫ودي‬ ِ ‫للناس‬ ‫أنفعهم‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫خير‬ 📚 ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ِريت‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ https://t.me/DMBMS2020 ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫لينكيدإن‬ ‫وتعملولي‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ endorsement ‫مهاراتي‬ ‫على‬ https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohammed-bahgat-sofyan-8ba012142/ ‫موقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫وده‬ SlideShare ‫تتابعونا‬ ‫ياريت‬ https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedBahgatMohamm1 ‫وده‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫الشخصي‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ https://www.facebook.com/mohammed.bahgat.165 ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫على‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫الخاص‬ ‫اللوجوا‬ ‫وده‬ # ‫دمحمد‬ _ ‫بهجت‬ _ ‫سفيان‬ _ medical_biochimestry 36
  • 37. THANK YOU Meet on the best later, God willing 37