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1 of 16
mg/L, mmol/L,
mEq/L and
mOsm/L :
By
dr: Mohammed Bahgat Mohammed
Sofyan
Assistant lecturer of medical
biochemistry Al-Azhar university,
Assiut branch.
1
2
3
‫صورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اضغط‬
‫الشاش‬ ‫عرض‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫في‬
‫ة‬
‫قنواتنا‬ ‫على‬ ‫وادعمنا‬
‫اإلنترنت‬ ‫على‬
‫على‬ ‫ملفي‬ ‫في‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫أرفعها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫شرائحي‬ ‫ومذاكرة‬ ‫بالتعلم‬ ‫وأسعد‬ ‫وأرحب‬ ‫أسمح‬
Slide share website
‫وال‬
‫مانع‬
‫أيضا‬
‫من‬
‫نسخ‬
‫شريحة‬
‫او‬
‫اثنين‬
‫عند‬
‫الضرورة‬
،
‫وال‬
‫مانع‬
‫من‬
‫شرح‬
‫البوربو‬
‫ينت‬
‫الخاصة‬
‫بي‬
‫للغير‬
‫بشرط‬
‫عدم‬
‫إزالة‬
‫اسمي‬
‫من‬
‫البوربوينت‬
،
‫فال‬
‫أسمح‬
‫أبدا‬
‫بإزالة‬
‫اسمي‬
‫من‬
‫على‬
‫الباوربوينت‬
‫ووضع‬
‫اسمك‬
‫بدال‬
‫منه‬
‫لتصبح‬
‫وكأنك‬
‫من‬
‫صممتها‬
‫فهذه‬
‫سرقة‬
‫ال‬
‫أسمح‬
‫بها‬
‫وتضييع‬
‫لحق‬
‫من‬
‫تعب‬
‫في‬
‫عملها‬
.
‫وفقكم‬
‫هللا‬
‫وإياي‬
‫للتعلم‬
‫ونفع‬
‫اآلخرين‬
I allow, welcome, and be happy to learn and study my slides that I
upload here in my profile on Slide share website
There is also no objection to copying one or two slides when
necessary, and there is no objection to explaining my PowerPoint to
others on the condition that my name is not removed from the
PowerPoint. I never allow my name to be removed from PowerPoint
and to replace it with yours, Make it look like you designed it. This is
theft that I do not allow and a waste of the right of those who are
tired in this work. May God bless you and me for learning and
benefiting others
5
Mole and
molecular
weight
‫ال‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫إيه‬
Mole and molecular weight ( MW ) :
‫بص‬
‫يادكتور‬
‫الذرة‬
‫لها‬
،‫وزن‬
‫فالذرة‬
‫عبارة‬
‫عن‬
‫بروت‬
‫ونات‬
‫ونيترونات‬
،‫وإلكترونات‬
‫اإللكترونات‬
‫ليس‬
‫لها‬
‫وز‬
،‫ن‬
‫يبقي‬
‫وزن‬
‫الذرة‬
‫عبارة‬
‫مجموع‬
‫وزني‬
‫البروتونات‬
‫والنيترو‬
‫نات‬
‫اللي‬
‫بيسمي‬
Atomic weight
6
Mole and molecular weight
‫الذري‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫الهيدروجين‬ ‫فمثال‬ ‫ذري‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ذرة‬ ‫كل‬
1
‫والصوديوم‬ ،
23
‫واألكسجين‬ ،
16
‫وغيره‬ ،
....
‫ال‬ ‫ويسمي‬ ‫الذرات‬ ‫أوزان‬ ‫مجموع‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫جزئ‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫لو‬ ‫أنا‬ ‫لو‬ ‫طب‬
Molecular weight (MW) .
‫فمثال‬
MW of NAOH =
‫والهيدروجين‬ ‫واألكسجين‬ ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫أوزان‬ ‫مجموع‬
MW of NaOH = 23+16+1= 40
‫الصوديوم‬ ‫لهيدروكسيد‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫كده‬ ‫يبقي‬
40
MW of NaOH = 40
7
Mole and
molecular
weight
‫لو‬
‫أنا‬
‫جبت‬
40
‫جم‬
‫من‬
NaOH
‫وأذبتهم‬
‫في‬
‫واحد‬
‫لتر‬
‫ماء‬
‫يبقي‬
‫كده‬
‫حصلت‬
‫علي‬
‫محلول‬
‫يحتوي‬
‫علي‬
1
‫مول‬
‫من‬
NaOH
،
‫ويبقي‬
‫كده‬
‫هذا‬
‫المحلول‬
‫عباره‬
‫عن‬
1
‫مول‬
‫أو‬
40
‫جم‬
‫من‬
NaOH
‫مذابين‬
‫في‬
1
‫لتر‬
‫ماء‬
1mole NaOH = 40 gm NaOH.
‫ال‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫كده‬ ‫ويبقي‬
Molar solution:Number of MW in gm dissolved in
1L
‫ف‬ ‫مذاب‬ ‫بالجرام‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫لمادة‬ ‫المول‬ ‫يعني‬
‫ي‬
1
‫ماء‬ ‫لتر‬
.
‫ال‬ ‫يبقي‬
Mole = concentration (gm/L) / MW .
‫يعني‬
‫يادكتور‬
‫ببساطة‬
‫كده‬
‫لو‬
‫حابب‬
‫أحول‬
‫من‬
‫جرام‬
‫لمول‬
‫بقسم‬
‫الت‬
‫ركيز‬
‫بالجرام‬
/
‫ليتر‬
‫على‬
‫ال‬
MW
‫بالجرام‬
‫ولو‬
‫حابب‬
‫أحول‬
mol
‫إلي‬
‫جرام‬
⬅
‫بضرب‬
‫عدد‬
‫الموالت‬
‫في‬
Molecular weight.
8
mEq /L
‫ال‬ ‫هيا‬ ‫إيه‬ ‫طب‬
mEq /L
‫بساطة‬ ‫بكل‬
Eq = [(concentration by (gm/ L) /MW ] X valency .
‫يعني‬
Eq = mole X valency
mEq = mmole X valency.
‫لذلك‬
mEq
‫ال‬ ‫ضرب‬ ‫حاصل‬ ‫تساوي‬
mmol
‫التكافؤ‬ ‫في‬
‫التكافؤ‬ ‫لو‬
1
‫ال‬ ‫يبقي‬
mmol = mEq
1mmol Na+ = 1 mEq Na
‫التكافؤ‬ ‫لو‬
2
‫ال‬ ‫ببقي‬
1 mmole = 2 mEq
1 mmole Ca++ = 2 mEq Ca
9
mOsm
‫ال‬ ‫إيه‬ ‫طب‬
mOsm
‫ال‬ ‫بتساوي‬ ‫دي‬
mmol
‫األيونات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مضروبه‬
1mmol/L K = 1mOsm/L k
‫بوتاسيوم‬ ‫واحده‬ ‫ذرة‬
1mmol/L NaCl = 2mOsm/L Nacl
‫وكلوريد‬ ‫صوديوم‬ ‫ذرتين‬
1mmol/L Cacl2 = 3mOsm/L Cacl2
‫ذرات‬ ‫ثالث‬
(
1
‫و‬ ‫كالسيوم‬
2
‫كلوريد‬
.)
10
example
‫به‬ ‫الكالسيوم‬ ‫تركيز‬ ‫محلول‬ ‫عندنا‬ ‫افترضنا‬ ‫لو‬
10 mg/dl (100 mg/L) Ca
‫لل‬ ‫الذري‬ ‫والوزن‬
Ca
‫هو‬
40
‫والتكافؤ‬
2
How many millimole, milliosmosis, mEq of Ca in this solution?
‫اإلجابة‬
:
Mole = concentration (gm/L) / MW
‫بال‬ ‫عاوزين‬ ‫طب‬
mmol
mmole = concentration (mg/L) / MW
Numer of mmole of Ca in this solution = 100/40 = 2.5 mmole
‫يبقي‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أيون‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وبما‬
Numer of mOsm of Ca in this solution = Numer of mmole = 2.5 mOsm
‫ال‬ ‫تكافؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وبما‬
Ca
‫يبقي‬ ‫ثنائي‬
mEq of Ca in this solutions = mmole X valency
mEq = 2.5 X 2 = 5 mEq
‫يبقي‬
10 mg/dl of Ca = 100 mg/ L = 2.5 mmole/ L = 5 mEq/ L = 2.5 mosm/ L
11
summary
‫ملخص‬
‫الهري‬
‫اللي‬
‫فوق‬
‫ده‬
‫كله‬
‫لو‬
‫عندي‬
‫تركيز‬
‫بال‬
mg/L
‫أقسمه‬
‫على‬
‫ال‬
MW
‫أطلع‬
‫بال‬
mmole/L
‫آخد‬
‫ال‬
mmole/L
‫ده‬
‫وأضربه‬
‫في‬
‫التكافؤ‬
‫يطلع‬
mEq/L
‫أو‬
‫أضربه‬
‫في‬
‫عدد‬
‫األيونات‬
‫يطلع‬
‫ال‬
mOsm/L
‫موقع‬ ‫علي‬ ‫هتدخل‬ ‫إنت‬ ،‫حاجه‬ ‫هتعمل‬ ‫وال‬ ‫هتضرب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫انت‬ ‫طبعا‬
unitslab.com
‫وتحول‬
،‫منه‬
‫أنا‬
‫فقط‬
‫حبيت‬
‫أفهمك‬
‫الدنيا‬
‫ماشيه‬
‫إزاي‬
‫علشان‬
‫تبقي‬
‫ف‬
‫اهم‬
‫مش‬
‫حافظ‬
.
12
HTTP://UNITSLAB.COM/
13
14
REFERENCES :
• _ https://labtestsonline.org
• _ https://www.medscape.com
• _ https://www.wikipedia.org
• _ https ps://www.labcorp.com
• _ https://www.uptodate.com
• _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home - PubMed – NCBI
• _TIETZ TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, SIXTH EDITION 2018.
• _Essential of clinical pathology book; 1st edition; Shirish M Kawthalkar; 2010.
• _Essential of biochemistry book ;1st edition; 2012.
• _ ABC of clinical hematology ; 4th edition ; Drew Provan; 2018.
• _ Harper's illustrated biochemistry 30th edition 2015.
• _ Lippincott's illustrated review of biochemistry sixth edition 2014.
• _ Lecturea Notes Clinical Biochemistry, 9th Edition Walker, Simon, 2103.
• _Some audios and videos from Well-known, trusted professors who study from accredited books.
15
‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫دي‬
‫د‬ ‫باسم‬
.
‫سفيان‬ ‫بهجت‬ ‫محمد‬
،
‫ن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫بالقناة‬ ‫وتشتركوا‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ستمر‬
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaYs1d8s0ntZvteHS3mMmGA
‫ب‬ ‫الفيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫انضمامكم‬ ‫يشرفنا‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫بتاعتي‬ ‫الصفحة‬ ‫دي‬
DMBMS2018
،
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
https://www.facebook.com/DMBMS2018/
‫باسم‬ ‫التلجرام‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫ودي‬
ِ ‫للناس‬ ‫أنفعهم‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫خير‬
📚
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ِريت‬‫ا‬‫ي‬
https://t.me/DMBMS2020
‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬
‫لينكيدإن‬
‫وتعملولي‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬
endorsement
‫مهاراتي‬ ‫على‬
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohammed-bahgat-sofyan-8ba012142/
‫موقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫وده‬
SlideShare
‫تتابعونا‬ ‫ياريت‬
https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedBahgatMohamm1
‫وده‬
‫بروفايلي‬
‫الشخصي‬
‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬
https://www.facebook.com/mohammed.bahgat.165
‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫على‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫الخاص‬ ‫اللوجوا‬ ‫وده‬
#
‫دمحمد‬
_
‫بهجت‬
_
‫سفيان‬
_
medical_biochimestry 16

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Calculation

  • 1. mg/L, mmol/L, mEq/L and mOsm/L : By dr: Mohammed Bahgat Mohammed Sofyan Assistant lecturer of medical biochemistry Al-Azhar university, Assiut branch. 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. 3
  • 4. ‫صورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اضغط‬ ‫الشاش‬ ‫عرض‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫في‬ ‫ة‬ ‫قنواتنا‬ ‫على‬ ‫وادعمنا‬ ‫اإلنترنت‬ ‫على‬
  • 5. ‫على‬ ‫ملفي‬ ‫في‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫أرفعها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫شرائحي‬ ‫ومذاكرة‬ ‫بالتعلم‬ ‫وأسعد‬ ‫وأرحب‬ ‫أسمح‬ Slide share website ‫وال‬ ‫مانع‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫من‬ ‫نسخ‬ ‫شريحة‬ ‫او‬ ‫اثنين‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الضرورة‬ ، ‫وال‬ ‫مانع‬ ‫من‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫البوربو‬ ‫ينت‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫بي‬ ‫للغير‬ ‫بشرط‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫اسمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫البوربوينت‬ ، ‫فال‬ ‫أسمح‬ ‫أبدا‬ ‫بإزالة‬ ‫اسمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫على‬ ‫الباوربوينت‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫اسمك‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫منه‬ ‫لتصبح‬ ‫وكأنك‬ ‫من‬ ‫صممتها‬ ‫فهذه‬ ‫سرقة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أسمح‬ ‫بها‬ ‫وتضييع‬ ‫لحق‬ ‫من‬ ‫تعب‬ ‫في‬ ‫عملها‬ . ‫وفقكم‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫وإياي‬ ‫للتعلم‬ ‫ونفع‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ I allow, welcome, and be happy to learn and study my slides that I upload here in my profile on Slide share website There is also no objection to copying one or two slides when necessary, and there is no objection to explaining my PowerPoint to others on the condition that my name is not removed from the PowerPoint. I never allow my name to be removed from PowerPoint and to replace it with yours, Make it look like you designed it. This is theft that I do not allow and a waste of the right of those who are tired in this work. May God bless you and me for learning and benefiting others 5
  • 6. Mole and molecular weight ‫ال‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫إيه‬ Mole and molecular weight ( MW ) : ‫بص‬ ‫يادكتور‬ ‫الذرة‬ ‫لها‬ ،‫وزن‬ ‫فالذرة‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بروت‬ ‫ونات‬ ‫ونيترونات‬ ،‫وإلكترونات‬ ‫اإللكترونات‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫لها‬ ‫وز‬ ،‫ن‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫الذرة‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫مجموع‬ ‫وزني‬ ‫البروتونات‬ ‫والنيترو‬ ‫نات‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫بيسمي‬ Atomic weight 6
  • 7. Mole and molecular weight ‫الذري‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫الهيدروجين‬ ‫فمثال‬ ‫ذري‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ذرة‬ ‫كل‬ 1 ‫والصوديوم‬ ، 23 ‫واألكسجين‬ ، 16 ‫وغيره‬ ، .... ‫ال‬ ‫ويسمي‬ ‫الذرات‬ ‫أوزان‬ ‫مجموع‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫جزئ‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫لو‬ ‫أنا‬ ‫لو‬ ‫طب‬ Molecular weight (MW) . ‫فمثال‬ MW of NAOH = ‫والهيدروجين‬ ‫واألكسجين‬ ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫أوزان‬ ‫مجموع‬ MW of NaOH = 23+16+1= 40 ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫لهيدروكسيد‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫كده‬ ‫يبقي‬ 40 MW of NaOH = 40 7
  • 8. Mole and molecular weight ‫لو‬ ‫أنا‬ ‫جبت‬ 40 ‫جم‬ ‫من‬ NaOH ‫وأذبتهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫لتر‬ ‫ماء‬ ‫يبقي‬ ‫كده‬ ‫حصلت‬ ‫علي‬ ‫محلول‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫علي‬ 1 ‫مول‬ ‫من‬ NaOH ، ‫ويبقي‬ ‫كده‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫المحلول‬ ‫عباره‬ ‫عن‬ 1 ‫مول‬ ‫أو‬ 40 ‫جم‬ ‫من‬ NaOH ‫مذابين‬ ‫في‬ 1 ‫لتر‬ ‫ماء‬ 1mole NaOH = 40 gm NaOH. ‫ال‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫كده‬ ‫ويبقي‬ Molar solution:Number of MW in gm dissolved in 1L ‫ف‬ ‫مذاب‬ ‫بالجرام‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الجزيئي‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫لمادة‬ ‫المول‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫ي‬ 1 ‫ماء‬ ‫لتر‬ . ‫ال‬ ‫يبقي‬ Mole = concentration (gm/L) / MW . ‫يعني‬ ‫يادكتور‬ ‫ببساطة‬ ‫كده‬ ‫لو‬ ‫حابب‬ ‫أحول‬ ‫من‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫لمول‬ ‫بقسم‬ ‫الت‬ ‫ركيز‬ ‫بالجرام‬ / ‫ليتر‬ ‫على‬ ‫ال‬ MW ‫بالجرام‬ ‫ولو‬ ‫حابب‬ ‫أحول‬ mol ‫إلي‬ ‫جرام‬ ⬅ ‫بضرب‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫الموالت‬ ‫في‬ Molecular weight. 8
  • 9. mEq /L ‫ال‬ ‫هيا‬ ‫إيه‬ ‫طب‬ mEq /L ‫بساطة‬ ‫بكل‬ Eq = [(concentration by (gm/ L) /MW ] X valency . ‫يعني‬ Eq = mole X valency mEq = mmole X valency. ‫لذلك‬ mEq ‫ال‬ ‫ضرب‬ ‫حاصل‬ ‫تساوي‬ mmol ‫التكافؤ‬ ‫في‬ ‫التكافؤ‬ ‫لو‬ 1 ‫ال‬ ‫يبقي‬ mmol = mEq 1mmol Na+ = 1 mEq Na ‫التكافؤ‬ ‫لو‬ 2 ‫ال‬ ‫ببقي‬ 1 mmole = 2 mEq 1 mmole Ca++ = 2 mEq Ca 9
  • 10. mOsm ‫ال‬ ‫إيه‬ ‫طب‬ mOsm ‫ال‬ ‫بتساوي‬ ‫دي‬ mmol ‫األيونات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مضروبه‬ 1mmol/L K = 1mOsm/L k ‫بوتاسيوم‬ ‫واحده‬ ‫ذرة‬ 1mmol/L NaCl = 2mOsm/L Nacl ‫وكلوريد‬ ‫صوديوم‬ ‫ذرتين‬ 1mmol/L Cacl2 = 3mOsm/L Cacl2 ‫ذرات‬ ‫ثالث‬ ( 1 ‫و‬ ‫كالسيوم‬ 2 ‫كلوريد‬ .) 10
  • 11. example ‫به‬ ‫الكالسيوم‬ ‫تركيز‬ ‫محلول‬ ‫عندنا‬ ‫افترضنا‬ ‫لو‬ 10 mg/dl (100 mg/L) Ca ‫لل‬ ‫الذري‬ ‫والوزن‬ Ca ‫هو‬ 40 ‫والتكافؤ‬ 2 How many millimole, milliosmosis, mEq of Ca in this solution? ‫اإلجابة‬ : Mole = concentration (gm/L) / MW ‫بال‬ ‫عاوزين‬ ‫طب‬ mmol mmole = concentration (mg/L) / MW Numer of mmole of Ca in this solution = 100/40 = 2.5 mmole ‫يبقي‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أيون‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وبما‬ Numer of mOsm of Ca in this solution = Numer of mmole = 2.5 mOsm ‫ال‬ ‫تكافؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وبما‬ Ca ‫يبقي‬ ‫ثنائي‬ mEq of Ca in this solutions = mmole X valency mEq = 2.5 X 2 = 5 mEq ‫يبقي‬ 10 mg/dl of Ca = 100 mg/ L = 2.5 mmole/ L = 5 mEq/ L = 2.5 mosm/ L 11
  • 12. summary ‫ملخص‬ ‫الهري‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫ده‬ ‫كله‬ ‫لو‬ ‫عندي‬ ‫تركيز‬ ‫بال‬ mg/L ‫أقسمه‬ ‫على‬ ‫ال‬ MW ‫أطلع‬ ‫بال‬ mmole/L ‫آخد‬ ‫ال‬ mmole/L ‫ده‬ ‫وأضربه‬ ‫في‬ ‫التكافؤ‬ ‫يطلع‬ mEq/L ‫أو‬ ‫أضربه‬ ‫في‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫األيونات‬ ‫يطلع‬ ‫ال‬ mOsm/L ‫موقع‬ ‫علي‬ ‫هتدخل‬ ‫إنت‬ ،‫حاجه‬ ‫هتعمل‬ ‫وال‬ ‫هتضرب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫انت‬ ‫طبعا‬ unitslab.com ‫وتحول‬ ،‫منه‬ ‫أنا‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫حبيت‬ ‫أفهمك‬ ‫الدنيا‬ ‫ماشيه‬ ‫إزاي‬ ‫علشان‬ ‫تبقي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫مش‬ ‫حافظ‬ . 12
  • 14. 14
  • 15. REFERENCES : • _ https://labtestsonline.org • _ https://www.medscape.com • _ https://www.wikipedia.org • _ https ps://www.labcorp.com • _ https://www.uptodate.com • _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home - PubMed – NCBI • _TIETZ TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, SIXTH EDITION 2018. • _Essential of clinical pathology book; 1st edition; Shirish M Kawthalkar; 2010. • _Essential of biochemistry book ;1st edition; 2012. • _ ABC of clinical hematology ; 4th edition ; Drew Provan; 2018. • _ Harper's illustrated biochemistry 30th edition 2015. • _ Lippincott's illustrated review of biochemistry sixth edition 2014. • _ Lecturea Notes Clinical Biochemistry, 9th Edition Walker, Simon, 2103. • _Some audios and videos from Well-known, trusted professors who study from accredited books. 15
  • 16. ‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اليوتيوب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫دي‬ ‫د‬ ‫باسم‬ . ‫سفيان‬ ‫بهجت‬ ‫محمد‬ ، ‫ن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫بالقناة‬ ‫وتشتركوا‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ستمر‬ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaYs1d8s0ntZvteHS3mMmGA ‫ب‬ ‫الفيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫انضمامكم‬ ‫يشرفنا‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫بتاعتي‬ ‫الصفحة‬ ‫دي‬ DMBMS2018 ، ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ https://www.facebook.com/DMBMS2018/ ‫باسم‬ ‫التلجرام‬ ‫علي‬ ‫قناتي‬ ‫ودي‬ ِ ‫للناس‬ ‫أنفعهم‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫خير‬ 📚 ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫نستمر‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ِريت‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ https://t.me/DMBMS2020 ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫لينكيدإن‬ ‫وتعملولي‬ ‫تتابعوني‬ ‫ياريت‬ endorsement ‫مهاراتي‬ ‫على‬ https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohammed-bahgat-sofyan-8ba012142/ ‫موقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫وده‬ SlideShare ‫تتابعونا‬ ‫ياريت‬ https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedBahgatMohamm1 ‫وده‬ ‫بروفايلي‬ ‫الشخصي‬ ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫علي‬ https://www.facebook.com/mohammed.bahgat.165 ‫الفيسبوك‬ ‫على‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫الخاص‬ ‫اللوجوا‬ ‫وده‬ # ‫دمحمد‬ _ ‫بهجت‬ _ ‫سفيان‬ _ medical_biochimestry 16