This document provides an overview of semen analysis. It discusses the indications, gross examination, microscopic examination including motility, morphology, viability and count. It also covers chemical examinations like fructose and acid phosphatase tests. Immunological assays for antisperm antibodies and microbiological assays are summarized. Key sperm function tests like sperm penetration and hypoosmotic swelling tests are mentioned. The document concludes with an overview of semen cryopreservation.
Sperm Function Tests are the keystones of evaluating functional condition of sperms. The fertility potential of a sperm will be decided not only with the number & motility but with the functional competence which is of utmost importance.
Sperm Function Tests are the keystones of evaluating functional condition of sperms. The fertility potential of a sperm will be decided not only with the number & motility but with the functional competence which is of utmost importance.
Tolerance to tissue and cell antigens can be
induced by injection of hemopoietic (stem)
cells in neonatal or severely
immunocompromised (by lethal irradiation
or drug treatment) animals.
Also, grafting of allogeneic bone marrow or
thymus in early life results in tolerance to
the donor type cells and tissues. Such
animals are known as chimeras. These
findings are of significant practical
application in bone marrow grafting
Semen is a “ thick, viscous, creamy, slightly yellowish or grayish” substance made up of spermatozoa — commonly known as sperm — and a fluid called seminal plasma, secret from the male reproductive organs.
The function of seminal plasma are:
To provide motility to sperm
To provide nutrition to spermatozoa
This is an important topic of mammalian (Male) reproductive toxicology.By doing this test sperm abnormalities should be cured. This topic is available in net but not like, what a master student try to find out.If there is anything wrong then correct me please.
In this ppt i have included methods of semen analysis and the importance and some agents which create semen abnormalities.
Newer Modalities for Semen Testing | Male Infertility | Seeds Of InnocenceSOI Delhi
Male Infertility is a inability that causes pregnancy in a female fertile. Male infertility is commonly due to Low sperm Count. Soi provides best male infertility treatment in delhi, ghaziabad - India. For more information call us 9810350512
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Tolerance to tissue and cell antigens can be
induced by injection of hemopoietic (stem)
cells in neonatal or severely
immunocompromised (by lethal irradiation
or drug treatment) animals.
Also, grafting of allogeneic bone marrow or
thymus in early life results in tolerance to
the donor type cells and tissues. Such
animals are known as chimeras. These
findings are of significant practical
application in bone marrow grafting
Semen is a “ thick, viscous, creamy, slightly yellowish or grayish” substance made up of spermatozoa — commonly known as sperm — and a fluid called seminal plasma, secret from the male reproductive organs.
The function of seminal plasma are:
To provide motility to sperm
To provide nutrition to spermatozoa
This is an important topic of mammalian (Male) reproductive toxicology.By doing this test sperm abnormalities should be cured. This topic is available in net but not like, what a master student try to find out.If there is anything wrong then correct me please.
In this ppt i have included methods of semen analysis and the importance and some agents which create semen abnormalities.
Newer Modalities for Semen Testing | Male Infertility | Seeds Of InnocenceSOI Delhi
Male Infertility is a inability that causes pregnancy in a female fertile. Male infertility is commonly due to Low sperm Count. Soi provides best male infertility treatment in delhi, ghaziabad - India. For more information call us 9810350512
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
semenexamination.pdf
1. MODULE 2
EXAMINATION OF SEMEN
Sub code: MLT504
Sub Name: Medical Lab Technician -1 (T)
Department: Department of MLT, SMAS
Faculty: A. Vamsi Kumar
Designation : Assistant professor
2. Course outcomes
• On completion of this course student will able
to perform & Conduct analysis of body fluids/
samples.
3. Learning outcomes
• Can recall sample collection, gross inspection
and routine microscopic analysis of semen
sample.
• To be briefly familiar with various chemical,
immunological, microbiological and function
tests of semen.
4. Contents
1. Indications of semen examination
2. Composition of semen
3. Sample collection
4. Gross examination
5. Microscopic examination
6. Chemical examination
7. Immunological assays
8. Microbiological assays
9. Sperm function tests
10.Semen cryopreservation
33. 1. Gross examination
• Semen is examined grossly for the following
features:
1. colour,
2. Odour
3. volume,
4. viscosity,
5. reaction and
6. liquefaction.
34. 1. Colour. Normally it is whitish, grey-white or slightly
yellowish.
2. Volume. Normally, volume of semen is between 2.5 and
5 ml. The volume is slightly more in patients of infertility. The
volume does not vary with the period of abstinence.
3. Viscosity. When ejaculated, semen is fairly viscid and it
falls drop by drop.
4. Reaction. Normally, it is slightly alkaline with pH between
7 and 8.
5. Liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs because of presence of
fibrinolysin. Normally liquefaction occurs at room
temperature
within 10-30 minutes (average 20 minutes).
43. a. Motility test
1. Place a drop of liquefied semen on a clean glass slide.
2. Put a coverslip over it and examine it under the
microscope, first under low power and then under
high power.
3. Normally within 2 hours of ejaculation, more than
60% of spermatozoa are vigorously motile, and in 6-8
hours 25-40% are still motile.
4. If motility is less than 50%, a stain for viability such as
eosin Y with nigrosin as counterstain can be done.
Heads of non-motile sperms show red dye.
47. b. MORPHOLOGY
1. Prepare a thin smear from liquefied semen on a glass slide.
2. Stain it with any of the Romanowsky stains, Pap or H & Estain.
3. Observe at least 200 spermatozoa for any abnormality in their
morphology.
4. Normally 80% of spermatozoa are normal.
5. The abnormal forms of spermatozoa are with double head,
swollen and pointed head, double tail and rudimentery forms.
6. Also look for the presence of RBCs or WBCs, if any.
7. Computer-assisted morphologic screening is particularly useful in
samples with very low numbers of normal sperm count which may
otherwise remain undetected.
55. Sperm Viability
• Sperm Viability
• Decreased sperm viability may be suspected
when a specimen has a normal sperm
concentration with markedly decreased
motility.
• Viability is evaluated by mixing the specimen
with an eosin-nigrosin stain, preparing a
smear, and counting the live sperms.
56.
57.
58.
59. d. Sperm count
This is done in Neubauer’s (haemacytometer) chamber using a WBC pipette.
Draw liquefied semen in WBC pipette up to mark 0.5 and then draw the diluting fluid up to mark 11.
The composition of diluting fluid is as under:
Sodium bicarbonate 5 gm
Formalin (neutral) 1 ml
Distilled water 100 ml
After mixing it properly, charge the Neubauer’s chamber.
Allow the spermatozoa to settle down in 2 minutes.
Examine under microscope and count the number of spermatozoa in two large peripheral squares (used
for TLC counting) and multiply the number by 1 lakh (100,000) which gives number of spermatozoa per
millilitre:
In 1 × 1 × 0.1 μl volume,
number of spermatozoa = n × 10
But dilution factor is 10
Number of spermatozoa per μl = n × 10 × 10
or Number of spermatozoa per ml = n × 10 × 10 × 1000
= n × 100,000
i.e. n × 1 lakh
(where n is the average number of spermatozoa counted in two squares).
Normal value = > 60 million/ml
Abnormal value = < 20 million/ml.
63. FRUCTOSE TEST
• This test determines androgen deficiency or ejaculatory
obstruction to semen; the level of seminal fructose is low in
both these conditions. Normal seminal fructose level is
• 150-600 mg/dl.
• Fructose is measured qualitatively by Resorcinol test.
• Procedure
• Take 5 ml of dilute HCl in a test tube.
• Add 1 ml of semen.
• Add 5 mg of resorcinol.
• Boil.
• Interpretation. Appearance of red colour indicates
• presence of fructose which can be measured by
spectrophotometer.
64. ACID PHOSPHATASE TEST
• This test is used for seminal stain and on
vaginal aspirate in medicolegal cases.
• Normally semen has 2500 KA units/ml of acid
phosphatase.
65. 4. Immunological Assays
• The presence of sperm antibody binding to
head or tail antigens is considered specific for
immunologic infertility.
• The antibodies are usually of immunoglobulin
A (IgA) or IgG, and rarely of IgM class.
• These are detected by direct or indirect mixed
agglutination reaction tests. (MAR test)
66. Antisperm Antibodies
Antisperm antibodies can be present in both men and
women. They may be detected in semen, cervical mucosa, or
serum and are considered a possible cause of infertility. It is
not unusual for both partners to demonstrate antibodies,
although male antisperm antibodies are more frequently
encountered.
Under normal conditions, the blood-testes barrier separates
sperm from the male immune system. When this barrier
is disrupted, as can occur following surgery, vasectomy reversal
(vasovasostomy), trauma, and infection, the antigens on
the sperm produce an immune response that damages the
sperm. The damaged sperm may cause the production of antibodies
in the female partner.8
67.
68.
69.
70. 5. Microbiological Assays
• Genital tract infections by bacteria, yeast and
sexually transmitted diseases may have
significant adverse effect on male infertility.
• If the concentration of bacteria exceeds 1000
CFUs per ml, the colonies should be identified
and tested for antibiotic sensitivity.
71. 6. Sperm Function Tests
• Defective sperm function may affect various fertilising functions.
Most importantly, it includes transport of sperm in the male and
female reproductive tracts, which is responsible for fertilisation
activities such as specific zona binding, penetration and formation
of male pronucleus. A list of common sperm function tests is as
under:
1. Sperm penetration assay: to test the success of penetration of
egg by the spermatozoa
2. Hypoosmotic swelling test: to test the membrane integrity of the
sperm
3. Cervical mucus penetration test: to test the relative ability of motile
sperms to pass through cervical mucus of the
• partner collected at midcycle.
72.
73. 7. Semen Cryopreservation
• Cryopreservation or semen banking is
indicated in the
following conditions:
• 1. For assisted reproduction
• 2. For donor insemination
• 3. For men undergoing vasectomy
• 4. In men before starting cancer therapy
• 5. In life threatening jobs (e.g. military service)