This document provides information about albumin, the major protein in human plasma. It discusses albumin's structure, function, measurement, and causes of hypoalbuminemia and hyperalbuminemia. Key points include: - Albumin is produced by the liver and has a molecular weight of 65,000 Daltons. Its main function is to regulate colloid osmotic pressure in blood. - Serum albumin levels are normally between 3.5-5.5 g/dL and can be measured using dye binding or immunochemical methods. - Causes of low albumin include liver disease impairing synthesis, increased loss through the kidneys or intestines, infections, malnutrition, and hemodilution.

1. Albumin
By
dr: Mohammed Bahgat Mohammed
Sofyan
Assistant lecturer of medical
biochemistryAl-Azhar universityAssiut
branch
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4. ‫صورة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اضغط‬
‫عرض‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫في‬
‫على‬ ‫وادعمنا‬ ‫الشاشة‬
‫اإلنترن‬ ‫على‬ ‫قنواتنا‬
‫ت‬

5. ‫على‬ ‫ملفي‬ ‫في‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫أرفعها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫شرائحي‬ ‫ومذاكرة‬ ‫بالتعلم‬ ‫وأسعد‬ ‫وأرحب‬ ‫أسمح‬
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6. introduction
•
Albumin is the major protein in human
plasma that produce by the liver , it's is a
globular, water-soluble, unglycosylated
serum protein of approximate molecular
weight of 65,000 Daltons.
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7. isoelectric
point of
albumin
The isoelectric point of albumin is
4.9
Albumin (when ionized in water
at pH 7.4, as found in the body) is
negatively charged.
The glomerular basement
membrane is also negatively
charged in the body; some
studies suggest that this prevents
the filtration of albumin in the
urine.
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8. Site of albumin
• About 40% of albumin is present in plasma,
and other 60% present in the exteacellular
space.
• Albumin can come out of vascular
compartment.
• So albumin is present in the CSF and
interstitial fluid
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9. Intra and extracellular compartment
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10. Function of the albumin
• 1_ its main function is to regulate the
oncotic pressure of blood (known also as
colloid osmotic pressure).
• ‫لذلك‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫الشعيرات‬ ‫وخارج‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫اإللكترونات‬
‫قوتين‬ ‫يتبقى‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ليس‬
:
• A_ hydrostatic pressure that push water from
blood vessels to extravascular compartment
• B_ oncotic pressure that pull the water from
extravascular compartment to blood vessels.
10

11. hydrostatic and oncotic osmotic pressure
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12. Function of the
albumin
• 2_ Transport functions : It also
acts as a plasma carrier
of various
hydrophobic substances as :
• _steroid and thyroid hormones
• _Bilurbin and unestrified fatty
acids
• _Drugs as (sulfa, aspirin,
salicylate)
• _Metal (CA, copper, heavy
metal)
12

13. Function
of the
albumin
• 3_ Buffering actions :
• albumin has maximum
buffering capacity as it
has more histidin
residue
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14. protein buffer
14

15. Function of
the albumin
4_ Nutritional function :
• All tissue cells can
take up albumin by
pinocytosis then
broken down to AA,
that contain
essential AA to cells.
15

16. functions of albumin
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17. Speicment
collection
Speicment ➡
fresh Serum
Normal range ➡
3.5_5.5 g/dl
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18. Measurement of albumin
serum albumin is measured by different methods as dye binding methods as
Bromocresol green or Bromocresol purple,.....
•
‫يبقي‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫حامضي‬ ‫وسط‬ ‫في‬ ‫األلبيومين‬ ‫بنضع‬
cation
Anionic dye + cationic albumin ➡ blue-green colored complex measured at 620
nm by spectrophotometer.
4_ urinary albumin is measured by immunochemical as immunonephylometry,
immunoturbidimetry, ELISA or radioimmunodiffusion.
#
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_
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19. CAUSES OF
HYPOALBUMINEMIA
Impaired synthesis :
• 1_acquired ➡ LCF ➡ liver can't
synthesise albumin
• 2_ genetics as ➡ analbuminaemia (
very rare disease. may reach 0.05
gm /dl.)
• NB : Human serum albumin is
encoded by the ALB gene.
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20. CAUSES OF
HYPOALBUMINEMI
A
•
Increased loss :
3 _ in kidney as ➡ RF and nephrotic S ➡ protein
loosing in urine
Also DM, HT, and another causes of protenuria.
4_in intestine ➡ as protein loosing entropathy. ➡ loose
protein in stool.
5_ skin ➡ burn
20

21. CAUSES OF
HYPOALBUMINEMIA
Others :
• 6_ Acute and chronic infections ( most
common cause)
•
7_ Malnutrition and malabsorbtion
•
8_ Hemodilutions :
As i.v. fluids or congestive heart failure
• 9_ scites may be result and cause of
hypoalbuminemia!!!!?
21

22. CAUSES OF HYPERALBUMINEMIA
• Elevated serum albumin levels are usually
the result of dehydration (
hemoconcentration)
•
‫اتبخرت‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫ركنة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫ممكن‬
•
‫مثل‬ ‫أشياء‬ ‫ممكن‬
• Dirutics,severe vomiting, severe
diarrhea,….
•
‫ال‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫كله‬ ‫المهم‬
• Dehydration
22

23. Manifestation OF
HYPOALBUMINEMIA
Manifestation of hypoalbuminanemia :
• EDEMA
•
‫كله‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫تورم‬
• Lower limb edema
• Ascites
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24. Ascites and lower limb edema
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25. REFERENCES :
• _ https://labtestsonline.org
• _ https://www.medscape.com
• _ https://www.wikipedia.org
• _ https ps://www.labcorp.com
• _ https://www.uptodate.com
• _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Home - PubMed – NCBI
• _TIETZ TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, SIXTH EDITION 2018.
• _Essential of clinical pathology book; 1st edition; Shirish M Kawthalkar; 2010.
• _Essential of biochemistry book ;1st edition; 2012.
• _ ABC of clinical hematology ; 4th edition ; Drew Provan; 2018.
• _ Harper's illustrated biochemistry 30th edition 2015.
• _ Lippincott's illustrated review of biochemistry sixth edition 2014.
• _ Lecturea Notes Clinical Biochemistry, 9th Edition Walker, Simon, 2103.
• _Some audios and videos from Well-known, trusted professors who study from accredited books.
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