The document discusses aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen in open chains, and categorizes them into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on their bond types. Alkanes, with the general formula CnH2n+2, are saturated hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds, while alkenes and alkynes contain double and triple bonds respectively. Cyclic forms are also described, along with traditional naming conventions for these hydrocarbons.

1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos N.5
¨Benito Juárez¨
QUIMICA II
Integrantes:
-Benítez Méndez Lucero Anahí
-Barajas Hernández Karol
-Bonilla Arellano Ricardo Jair
-Cabello Sánchez Acxel
-Castro Arreola Carlos Andrés
-Cortez Morales Soemy Maite
-Chávez Barrera Richard
Profesor: Vicente Samano Trejo
Grupo:4IM4

2. ALIPHATICS

4. Aliphatic
hydrocarbons

5. • The aliphatic hydrocarbons are organic
compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen,
in which carbon atoms form open chains.
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons open chain they’re
classified into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
• The first those who represent only single bonds
between carbon atoms, while the alkenes and
alkynes present doble and triple bonds,
respectively, when the aliphatic chain closes
forming a ring it calls alicyclic hydrocarbon,
aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic or alkane cycle.

7. • Alkanes are hydrocarbons, having only carbon and
hydrogen.
• The general formula for aliphatic alkanes is CnH2n + 21
and alkanes cycle is CnH2n 2 also are called saturated
hydrocarbons.
• Lack of functional groups of such as carbonyl (-CO),
carboxil (COOH), amide (CON), etc.

10. Alkanes CnH2n+2
• Carbon- Carbon single bonds:
• Saturated hydrocarbons ; only C-C and C-H bonds
• Alkane: a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbons are
arranged in a chain. Saturated hydrocarbon: only single
bonds.
• They are named systematically with a prefix indicating
the number of carbon atoms per molecule and the
ending “ ane”

12. n n N
1 Meta 15 Pentadeca 29 Nonacos
2 Eta 16 Hexadeca 30 Triacont
3 Prop 17 Heptadeca 31 Hentriacont
4 But 18 Octadeca 32 Dotrriacont
5 Pent 19 Nonadeca 40 Tetracint
6 Hexa 20 Icos 50 Pentacont
7 Hepta 21 Henicos 57 Penthaheptaconta
8 Octa 22 Docos 60 Hexaconta
9 Nona 23 Tricos 70 Heptacont
10 Deca 24 Tetracos 80 Octacont
11 Undeca 25 Pentacos 90 Nonacont
12 Dodeca 26 Hexacos 100 hecta
13 Trideca 27 Heptacosa
14 Tetradeca 28 Octacos

13. Degree of sustition

14. Alkanes cycle
• alkanes cycle. Cyclic alkanes or alkane cycle are , as the name
suggests, cyclic hydrocarbon chain alkanes . In them the C / H is
CnH2n . Their physical characteristics are similar to those of non-
cyclic alkanes , but their chemical characteristics differ significantly ,
particularly those of shorter chain , which are more akin to those of
alkynes properties.

15. Traditional names
• Traditional names as occurs with other organic
compounds , some alkenes are still adj unsystematic
known by their names , in which case the termination -
ene Systematics -ileno is replaced , such as ethene is
sometimes called ethylene, propene or propylene .

16. An alkene is an alkane which has
lost two hydrogen atoms yielding a
double bond between two carbons.
Cyclic alkenes are called
cycloalkenes
Alkenes are unsaturated
hydrocarbons having one
or more carbon-carbon
double bonds in its
molecule.

17. Alkynes
• Are identified as organic chemical compounds that have
triple bonds in their chemical structure.
• An alkynes hydrocarbons

18. v
• The chemical compounds that have triple and double
bonds are unsaturated which it means that it has the
power of dissolve still more of a substance

19. Properties
• alkynes are in gaseous form and they are soluble in
organic solvents