Aliphatic-Hydrocarbons-Q1-CON-CHEMs.pptx

Guide Question:
What makes an organic compound
different from an inorganic compound?
2

3
The following carbon-containing
compounds that lack carbon-carbon
bonds are considered inorganic.
carbon monoxide carbonates cyanides
carbon dioxide bicarbonates cyanates
carbon disulfide carbides thiocyanides

4
Follow, Follow Me!
Directions: Read each command
carefully. Perform what is asked
in the following statements.

5
Follow, Follow Me!
1. Draw 5 circles aligned
horizontally inside the box. Make
sure that each circle has enough
space in between.

6
Follow, Follow Me!
2. Draw a smaller circle at the following
positions:
before the first circle, after the fifth circle,
at the top of each of the five circles; and at
the bottom of each of the five circles.
Make sure there is enough space between
the circles.

7
Follow, Follow Me!
3. Write a letter C inside each big
circle.

8
Follow, Follow Me!
4. Write a letter H inside each small
circle.

9
Follow, Follow Me!
5. Connect the big circles together.

10
Follow, Follow Me!
6. Attach the small circles to the
adjacent big circle using vertical or
horizontal lines.

You now have an illustration of the molecular
structure of a hydrocarbon. You can now
answer the following questions.
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Guide Question No. 1: How many carbon atoms (C)
are present in the structure?
Guide Question No. 2: How many hydrogen atoms
(H) are present in the structure?
Guide Question No. 3: What do you think will be the
name of the hydrocarbon above?

“
◍ Take note that your knowledge of
the molecular structure of
hydrocarbons is an important
prerequisite for IUPAC
(International Union of Pure and
Appied Chemistry)nomenclature.
12

1. The molecular formula is based on the
actual makeup of the compound.
However, they do not describe how the
atoms are put together. Example:
pentane C5H12
The following are some ways of writing
structure of hydrocarbons:
13

2. A structural formula displays the
atoms of the molecule in the order they
are bonded.
Example: butane
14

3. The condensed structural formula shows the
order of atoms like a structural formula but is
written in a single line to save space and
make it more convenient and faster to write
out.
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THIS IS A SLIDE TITLE
◍ Here you have a list of items
◍ And some text
◍ But remember not to overload your
slides with content
Your audience will listen to you or read
the content, but won’t do both.
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IUPAC nomenclature classification
of organic compounds (aliphatic
hydrocarbons).
17

A carbon atom has four (4)
valence electrons. This kind
of atomic structure makes
the carbon atom able to
form four (4) covalent bonds
with atoms of other
elements and other carbon
atoms.
Carbon atoms
can also make
many types of
arrangements:
single bond,
double bond,
and triple
bond.
Organic compounds are compounds
that contain carbon atoms linked
together in chains or rings.
18

Explain why carbon
forms many
compounds?
20

21
Hydrocarbons
are organic compounds that
contain only carbon (C) and
hydrogen (H). They are the simplest
organic compounds.

22
TWO MAIN TYPES OF
HYDROCARBONS
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are all hydrocarbons
that do not contain benzene ring. These are
open-chain compounds that are either
straight or branched. Ring system is also
possible in aliphatic compounds such as
cycloalkanes.

24
TWO MAIN TYPES OF
HYDROCARBONS
Aromatic hydrocarbons are
hydrocarbons that contain benzene
ring (alternating single and double
bonds around the ring).

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ALIPHATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be
saturated or unsaturated.

27
ALIPHATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Saturated compounds are made up
of single bond only (alkanes and
cycloalkanes), while unsaturated
compounds are with double bonds
(alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes).

USE CHARTS TO EXPLAIN YOUR IDEAS
Gray
White Black
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Saturated Hydrocarbons
are hydrocarbons that contain only
single bonds between carbon atoms.
As a result, each carbon atom is
bonded to as many hydrogen atoms
as possible.

In the structural formula
shown, each dash (-)
represents a single
covalent bond, in which
two atoms share one pair
of valence electron.
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Saturated hydrocarbons are generally
known as alkanes.
The name of specific alkanes always
ends in –ane and has a prefix to
indicate how many carbon atoms it
has.
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Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons conforming to the
general formula CnH2n+2
where:
n is a whole number equal to the number of carbon
atoms. They are identified by the suffix –ane.
The alkane series is also termed as methane or paraffin
series.

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The simplest alkane is methane which has
one carbon atom and next to it is ethane
with two carbon atoms.

COMPLETE THE SATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
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N Name Molecular
Formula
Condensed
Structural
Formula
Structural Formula
3 Propane C3H8 CH3 CH2 CH3 H H H
H C – C – C H
H H H
4
5

Cycloalkanes
The cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons in which
the carbon atoms form a ring. The general formula is
CnH2n. The following are some examples of
cycloalkanes:

Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
are hydrocarbons that contain less than the
maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can
possibly bond with the number of carbon atoms
present.
These are the alkenes and alkynes.

“
Guide Question No. 3: How
do unsaturated hydrocarbons
differ from saturated?
39

Alkenes
Alkenes are unsaturated compounds that
contain a carbon-carbon double bond and have
the general formula CnH2n .
The suffix –ene indicates a double bond.
These compounds are also called olefins.
The simplest alkene is ethene; next is propene.

Alkynes
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a
carbon-carbon triple bond and have a general formula
CnH2n-2.
They are identified by the suffix –yne, except for the first
compound in the series (ethyne),
better known by its common name acetylene. The next

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IUPAC Nomenclature of
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Nomenclature - The system of
naming compounds
Organic compounds are named according to
rules established by the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

ALKYL GROUPS
We must consider the names of the groups that are
formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from
the formula of an alkene:
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SUBSTITUENT
An atom or group of atoms
that can take the place of
hydrogen on a parent
hydrocarbon molecule
48

When a substituent alkyl group is
added to a straight-chain
hydrocarbon, branches are formed.
A hydrocarbon with one or more alkyl
groups is called a branched-chain
hydrocarbon.
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branched-chain hydrocarbon.
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IUPAC Rules for Naming
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
(Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)

1. Determine the name of the
parent compound by finding the
longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms.

Example:
The longest chain contains 7 carbon
atoms, thus the parent structure is
heptane. e:
The IUPAC name of the compound is 3-
methylheptane.

b. Sometimes, it is not easy to
recognize the longest chain
because of the way in which the
formula is written.

Example: This is heptane not hexane.

2. Add the following endings to the
parent name.
-ane for alkane
-ene for alkene
-yne for alkyne
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3. In alkenes and alkynes, number the chain
beginning at the end closest to the double or
triple bond.
58

 If a compound contains more
than one double bond, the numbers
of double bonds are noted with a
Greek prefix preceding the –ene
ending.

4. Number the longest chain beginning
with the end closest to the branch. These
numbers are used to designate the
location of the groups or substituents at
the branch.
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b. If identical substituents are present,
use the prefixes di (twice), tri (three
times), tetra (four times), and penta ( five
times) and indicate the numbers. If there
are different subtituents present, arrange
them alphabetically.
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c. The use of proper punctuations is
very important in writing the names
of organic compounds in the IUPAC
system.
Commas are used to separate
numbers. Hyphens are used to
separate numbers and words.
The entire name is written without
any spaces.
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Guide Question No. 4: Which
of the two IUPAC names is
written correctly?
(4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane;
4-ethyl-2-3-dimethyl heptane)

Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne?
Directions: Classify the following
hydrocarbons as to alkane, alkene,
or alkyne and give the IUPAC name
of each.

Aliphatic-Hydrocarbons-Q1-CON-CHEMs.pptx

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