1. SOLID
ENVIRONMENT
H I N A C A Y , K R I S H I A F A Y E T
L E R I O S , H I L A R Y S .
T A N , J O S E P H G .
2. Solid Environment
• What is Solid Waste?
• What is Solid Waste Management and its Importance?
• Hazardous Materials & Who Produces It
• Associated Risks
• Treatments and Disposal
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Composition
• Emmisions
• Land Fills & Dumps
3. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated
from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given
area.
Solid Waste
Sources of Solid Waste
• According to its origin
It may be categorized by:
Domestic
Industrial
Commercial
Construction or
Institutional
• According to its contents
Organic
Material
Glass
Metal
Plastic Paper
• According to hazard Potential
Toxic
Non-toxin
Flammable
Radioactive
Infectious
4. The variety of materials referred to as solid waste or refuse is broken
into several categories:
Types of Solid Wastes:
• Garbage
Strictly refers to
animal or vegetable
wastes, particularly by-
products of food
preparation.
Garbage decomposes
rapidly if exposed to the
elements and creates
offensive odors.
• Trash
Refers to solid waste
that does not
decompose (e.g.,
packaging, bootles,
cans, building
materials.
• Hazardous waste
Refers to waste that
is ignitable, corrosive or
reactive (explosive) or
that contains certain
concentration of toxic
chemicals.
6. "AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING
THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL
MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES,
DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS
PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER
PUPOSES"
7. Hazardous Materials:
The importance of Solid Waste Management
Solid waste management is extremely important in our community mainly
because it will prevent your household from experiencing the hazardous outcomes of
solid waste material. By getting rid most of these waste matter properly, you can
protect your loved ones along with the environment.
It can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges.
They can be discarded commercial products, like
cleaning fluids or pesticides, or by-products of
manufacturing processes.
8. Classifications of Hazardous Materials
Flammable/Combustible
ignites easily and burns rapidly.
Example:
• Butane
• Propane
• Hygrogen gas
• acetone
• gasoline
• kerosene etc.
Explosive/Reactive
Explosive chemicals produces a sudden, almost
instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when
subjected to abrupt shock, hight tempt.
Reactive Chemicals vigorously undergo a chemical change
under conditions of shock pressure and temperature.
Example:
• Black Powder
• Flash Powder
• Ammonium nitrate
9. Classifications of Hazardous Materials
Corrosive
causes visibledestruction of or irreversible
alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the
site of contact.
Example:
• Bleach
• Ammonia
• Vinegar (acetic acid?
Toxic
Poisonous to living organisms when they are
ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
Example:
• Mercury
• Arsenic
• Petroleum etc.
10. Who Produces Hazardous Waste?
Although industrial sources comprise the primary
producers, users, and disposers of hazardous
substances, hazardous products are found in almost
every households substances improperly used or
disposed of can be released into the environment,
sometimes with serios consequences.
11. Associated Risks
By law, hazardous products must bear labels that explain the hazards associated with them and how to
prevent injury and damage. The following signal words determined by law express the relative risk
associated with a product.
• Caution or Warning
-nonhazardous
• No signal word
-generally mildly to moderately hazardous or toxic:
can cause temporary adverse health effects, such as skin
irritation or vomiting.
• Poison
-highly toxic: can be fatal if ingested
13. REDUCE
involves efforts to reduce hazardous waste and other materials by modifiying industrial production.
Source reduction methods involve changes inputs, and product formulation.
Source Reduction
Waste Minimization
a process and policy of reducing the amount of waste produced by a person or a society.
Waste minimization usually requires knowledge of the production process, craddle to grave (now cradle-to-
cradle) anal
Reuse of Scrap Materials
Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the beginning of the manufacturing line so that they do
not become a waste production.
Monitoring
Steps can be taken to ensure that the number of rejectd batches is kept to a minimum. This is achieved
by increasing the frequency of inspection and the number of points of inspection.
Waste Exchange
This is where the waste product of one process becomes thr raw material for a second process. Waste
exchanges represents another way of reducinf waste disposal volumes fot waste that cannot be eliminated.
14. REUSE
• is the action or practice of using something again, whether for its original purpose (conventional
reuse) or to fulfill a different function (creative reuse or repurposing)
• To reuse is to use an item more than once.
Conventional Reuse
Where the item is used again for
the same function
New-Life Reuse/Repurpose
Where the item is use for different
function.
15. RECYCLING
• it is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. It is an alternative to
"conventional" waste disposal that can save materials and help lower greenhouse emissions.
What's Recyclable?
Materials currently recycled in substantial quantities include office paper, magazines, plastic soft-
drink bottles, milk jugs, glass containers, demolition debris, wood, aluminum and other nonferrous metals,
iron and steel. Most commonly recycled items are papers, metal, glass and plastics.
Advantages of Recycling Disadvantages of Recycling
• Rcycling minimizes pollution
• Protects the environment
• Recysling minimizes global warming
• Conserves natural resources
• Reduces energy consumption
• High upfront capital lost
• Recycling sites are unhygienic, unsafe and
unsightly
• Products from recycled waste may not be
durable
• Recycling might not be inexpensive
16. COMPOSTING
• Composting is the controlled biological process of turning organic waste into a soil conditioner.
• Composting produces a nutrient-rich soil additive called compost.
• Compost can be used as an additive to soil, or other matrices such as coir and peat, a a tilth improver,
supplying humus and nutrients.
Types of Composting
• Yard trimmings
• Food wastes
• Leaves
• Manure (cow, horse, sheep, poultry)
• Mushroom compost
• Vermicomposting
Why Compost?
• Save money
• Save Resources
• Improve your soil
• Reduce your Impact
17. EMISSIONS
Most energy-recovery facilities use sophisticated combustion-control systems designed to optimize
combustion, minimize ash for disposal, and optimize clean burning by reducing the formation of Products of
Incomplete Combustion (PICs). Some of the waste that goes through the incineration process, however,
might exit the system in one of the following forms:
• Combustion Gases - can
exit through the stack if they
are not completely removed
by air-pollution-device.
• Particulate emmisions-
lightweight particles can
exit the combustion
chamber along with
combuction gases, if they
are small enough to get past
pollution-control-devices.
• Bottom ash- uncombusted waste such
as glass and metal, generally
considered nontoxic; approximately
75% of all incinerator ash.
• Fly ash- toxic particles light enough to
be borne upward with combucting
gases; a portion of these might not be
heavy enough to fall or might not be
large enough to be captured by
pollution-control-devices before exiting
the stack.
18. LANDFILLS & DUMPS
• It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
• Waste is directly dumped into discused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.
• Disposed waste is compacted and covered with soil.
• Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are often burnt to generated power.
• It is generally used for Domestic waste.
