biotechnology

1. Presentedby
Proni Khisa 181-008-031
Ayesha Akter 181-015-031
Razia Sultana Urmi 181-025-
031
Shayma Akter Tanni 181-050-
031
Presentation On
Microbial Waste Treatment System
Presentedto
Md.Abu Zihad
Lecturer
PrimeAsia University

2. WHAT IS WASTE
 Waste is defined as unwanted and
unusable materials and is regarded as a
substance which is of no use.
 Waste that we see in our surroundings
is also known as garbage.
 Garbage is mainly considered as a solid
waste that includes wastes from our
houses (domestic waste), wastes from
schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes)
and wastes from industries and factories
(industrial wastes).

3. Source Of Waste
 Sources of waste can be broadly classified into
four types: Industrial, Commercial, Domestic, and
Agricultural.

4. Industrial Waste
 These are the wastes created in factories and
industries. Most industries dump their wastes in
rivers and seas which cause a lot of
pollution. Example: plastic, glass, etc.
Commercial Waste
 Commercial wastes are produced in schools,
colleges, shops, and offices.Example: plastic, paper,
etc
Domestic Waste
 The different household wastes which are collected
during household activities like cooking, cleaning,
etc. are known as domestic
wastes.Example: leaves, vegetable peels, excreta,
etc.

5. Waste Treatment
 Waste treatment refers to the activities
required to ensure that waste has the least
practicable impact on the environment. In
many countries various forms of waste
treatment are required by law.
 In microbiological terms, microbial waste-
treatment processes are effectively large man-
made microbial culture systems designed to
transform large amounts of carbonaceous
material into inoffensive products (including
relatively innocuous microbial biomass).

6. Different Types Of Waste
Treatment
 There are different types of waste
treatment These are;
1. Solid waste treatment
2. Water waste treatment
3. Biological waste treatment
4. Radioactive waste treatment
5. Thermal waste treatment
 Solid waste:
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from combined residential,
industrial and commercial activities in a given
area

7. Solid Waste Treatment
 Methods for the treatment of the solid waste: With
different types of wastes, different treatment
methods are applied. These treatment processes
has been listed below:
Open Dumps
 Landfills
AnaerobicDigestion
 Composting
 Vermicomposting
 Encapsulation
 Incineration

8. Open Dumps
 Open dumps refer to uncovered
areas that are used to dump
solid waste of all kinds.
 The waste is untreated, and not
segregated.
 It is the breeding ground for
files, rats, and other insects that
spread disease.
 The rainwater run-off from
these dumps contaminates
nearby land and water, thereby
spreading disease. In some
countries, open dumps are
being phased out.
Open dump
site

9. Landfills
 A landfill may also refer to the ground that has been
filled in with soil and rocks instead of waste materials,
so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as
for building houses.
 Landfill, also known as a dump or tip, is a site for
disposal of waste materials by burial.
 Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills
can create a number of adverse environmental
impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin,
and generation of liquid leachate.
 Sanitary Landfills are designed to greatly reduce or
eliminate the risks that waste disposal may pose to
the public health and environmental quality.

10. Fig: Main features of a modern landfill
(Sanitary landfill)

11. WHAT IS WASTE WATER
TREATMENT?
 wastewater is a byproduct of domestic,
industrial, commercial or agricultural
activities.
 The characteristics of wastewater vary
depending on the source.
 Types of wastewater include: domestic
wastewater from households, municipal
wastewater from communities (also called
sewage) and industrial wastewater.
Wastewater can contain physical, chemical
and biological pollutants.

12. Three Phase of Waste Water
Treatment
 Wastewater Treatment is treated in 3
phases: primary (solid removal),
secondary (bacterial decomposition), and
tertiary (extra filtration).
 Primary Treatment
Sewage is stored in a basin where solids
(sludge) can settle to the bottom and oil
and lighter substances can rise to the top.
These layers are then removed and then
the remaining liquid can be sent to
secondary treatment. Sewage sludge is
treated in a separate process called
sludge digestion.

13. Secondary Treatment
 It removes dissolved and suspended
biological matter, often using microorganisms
in a controlled environment. Some systems
use fixed film systems, where the bacteria
grow on filters, and the water passes through
them.
 Suspended growth systems use “activated”
sludge, where decomposing bacteria are
mixed directly into the sewage. Because
oxygen is critical to bacterial growth, the
sewage is often mixed with air to facilitate
decomposition.

14. Tertiary Treatment
 Sand filtration, where water is passed
through a sand filter, can be used to
remove particulate matter.
 Wastewater may still have high levels of
nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
These can disrupt the nutrient balance of
aquatic ecosystems and cause algae
blooms and excessive weed growth.
Phosphorus can be removed biologically in
a process called enhanced biological
phosphorus removal.

16. BIOLOGICAL WASTE
TREATMENT
 Biological treatment
involves use of
microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses,and
protozoa
 They metabolize the
biological
content(dissolved
organic matter) of the
sewage.
 The contaminants of
organic substances are

17. Radioactive Waste Treatment
 Radioactive waste is a type
of hazardous waste that
contains radioactive material.
 Radioactive waste is a result of many
activities, including nuclear
medicine, nuclear research, nuclear
power generation, rare-earth mining,
and nuclear weapons reprocessing.
 The storage and disposal of
radioactive waste is regulated by
government agencies in order to
protect human health and the

18. The Treatment Process
 Planning and preparation: Wherever
possible, sites aim to reduce the amount
of waste they produce. They also plan
how to manage waste before it arises.
 Waste treatment: Waste treatment
typically occurs in some form soon after
it arises. Waste treatment techniques
depend on the type of waste and the
intended disposal route. Examples of
treatment include decontaminating,
shredding, compacting, drying and
solidifying the waste.

19.  Packaging: Most radioactive waste
requires packaging in specially
engineered containers for safe storage
and disposal. This also allows for easier
handling and transport.
 Storage: Interim facilities will store
certain waste types until a suitable
disposal route becomes available.
Storage may last from a few months to
many decades.
 Disposal: This involves placing wastes
into engineered facilities where they will

20. Thermal waste treatment
 Thermal waste treatment refers to the processes
that use heat to treat waste materials. Following
are some of the most commonly used thermal
waste treatment techniques:
Incineration
 Incineration is one of the most common waste
treatments. This approach involves the
combustion of waste material in the presence of
oxygen.
 This thermal treatment method is commonly used
as a means of recovering energy for electricity or
heating. This approach has several advantages.
 It quickly reduces waste volume, lessens
transportation costs and decreases harmful

21. Gasification and Pyrolysis
 Gasification and Pyrolysis are two
similar methods, both of which
decompose organic waste materials by
exposing waste to low amounts of
oxygen and very high temperature.
 Pyrolysis uses absolutely no oxygen
while gasification allows a very low
amount of oxygen in the process.
Gasification is more advantageous as it
allows the burning process to recover
energy without causing air pollution.

22. Open Burning Waste Treatment
 Open Burning is a legacy thermal waste
treatment that is environmentally harmful.
 The incinerators used in such process have
no pollution control devices.
 They release substances such as
hexachlorobenzene, dioxins, carbon
monoxide, particulate matter, volatile organic
compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds,
and ash.
 Unfortunately, this method is still practiced by
many local authorities internationally, as it
offers an inexpensive solution to solid waste.

23. Conclusion
 Microbial waste is a significant global issue.
Increasing volumes of waste are being
generated as the global population and living
standards rise. The environmental impact is
significant, with massive volumes
of waste generated annually with only basic
or little treatment to minimize its impact.
 Microbial wastewater treatment focuses on
the exploitation of microorganisms as
decontaminating tools to treat polluted
wastewater, a worldwide concern.