A nematicide is a type
of chemical pesticide used to kill plant-parasitic nematodes.
Bioherbicide is a biologically based control agent for weeds.Bioherbicides may be compounds and secondary metabolites derived from microbes such as fungi, Bacteria or protozoa; or Phytotoxic plant residues, extracts or single compounds derived from other plant species
2. A nematicide is a type
of chemical pesticide used to kill
plant-parasitic nematodes.
Nematicides have tended to be
broad- spectrum toxicants
possessing high volatility or other
properties promoting migration
through the soil.
What is a nematicide?
3. NEMATICIDAL PROPERTIES:
▶ water solubility
▶vapour pressure, volatility, fumigant
action
▶Henry's constant (kH) - affinity for
water
▶method of incorporation or
movement in soil
7. ARTIFICIAL NEMATICIDES:
▶These are artificially synthesised
chemical compounds that are
highly toxic and in some
extinct even carcinogenic used
for nematode control in a field.
▶They might be fumigants,
carbamates or
organophosphates.
8. FUMIGANTS:
▶1,3-Dichloropropene:
• Substitute to 1,2dichloropropene.
• Eliminates ground water
contamination.
• Combine activity over
nematodes, insects and fungi.
• INACTIVE over
Globodera rostochiensis.
9. ▶Ethylene Dibromide:
• Abundantly used, but prohibited in USA
in 1983 because of ground water
contamination.
• Also it is a carcinogen.
▶1,2 – dibromo – chloropropane:
• Once popular for specific nematode
activity.
• Banned in 1977 in US because 1/3rd of
male workers at DBCP manufacturing
plant became sterile
12. ▶Oxamyl
• A systemic
insecticidal/nematicidal
carbamate in granular and
liquid formulations.
• Granular formation prohibited.
• Liquid formation is still used as
foliar sprays.
• Said to control Pratylenchus
penetrans on lily
13. Organophosphates:
▶Ethoprop – insecticide/nematicide(non carcinogenic)
▶Fenamiphos – only nematicide(non carcinogenic)
▶Cadusafos:
• excellent control of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis.
• possesses reduced risk for contaminating groundwater
• Good control of the citrus
nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
15. Fumigation
▶Prior preparation like tillage
activites carried out.
▶Upper 15 – 40 cm of soil
▶Fumigant loss
▶Plastic(tarpaulin) covering of soil
▶Buffer application in borders of
fields.
17. Irrigation
▶Liquid and emulsifiable
formulations of nematicides
▶surface or drip irrigation systems
▶Drip irrigation also is useful for post
plant applications, and it avoids the
use of granular materials that may
pose risks to birds.
18. ▶Fields are not irrigated for 2 weeks following application for
maximum efficiency.
▶Successful control of P
. penetrans on lilies - drip-irrigated
ethoprop, fenamiphos.
▶Drip-irrigated emulsifiable 1,3-D provided control of the
citrus
nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans
▶Overhead spray irrigation can also effectively convey
nematicides.
▶Fields are not irrigated for 2 weeks
following application for maximum
efficiency.
▶Successful control of P. penetrans on
lilies - drip-irrigated ethoprop,
fenamiphos.
▶Drip-irrigated emulsifiable provided
control of the citrus
nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans
▶Overhead spray irrigation can also
effectively convey nematicides.
21. Granules and Broadcast Sprays:
▶widely practiced method of applying
non fumigant nematicides is with
granular formulations.
▶ Band application, furrow application, side
dress applications and broadcast
application.
▶Incorporation of nematicides.
23. Seed Dressing and Bare Root Dip
▶Seed coated with nematicides in case
of direct sowing.
▶control of P. penetrans on corn
by seed treatment with
oxamyl.
▶Dipping roots in nematicides (aqueous)
in case of transplanted seedlings.
▶Root dips have provided nematode
control in several situations
25. Bioherbicide is a biologically based
control agent for weeds.
Bioherbicides may be compounds and
secondary metabolites derived from
microbes such as fungi, Bacteria or
protozoa; or Phytotoxic plant residues,
extracts or single compounds derived from
other plant species
Bioherbicide
26. Characteristics for Bioherbicides
Produce abundant &
adorable inoculum in
culture
Be target specific
Be genetically stable
Determental effect on non-
target plants (Native Plants)
27. Types of Bioherbicides
Bioherbicides may be
secondary metabolites derived from
microbes such as fungi, bacteria or
protozoa;
Phytotoxic plant residues , extracts
or single compounds derived from
other plant species.
28. Available Bioherbicides
While many different products have been
launched, currently some Bioherbicides are
available for sale/purchase in market globally.
Below is the list of available Bioherbicides:
Collego TM
BioMal®
Woad Warrior®
Control®
Smoulder®
Libao
Dr Biosedge
Mycho Tech
Stumpout , Bichon TM
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33. Plant Extracts as Bioherbicides
Plant Extract:
A plant extract is a substance or an
active with desirable properties that is
removed from the tissue of a plant,
usually by treating it with a solvent, to
be used for a particular purpose.
35. Reference
▶Plant Nematology: 2nd Edition edited by Roland N Perry, Maurice Moens
▶TNAUAgritech portal {crop protection}
▶Adama USA.com
▶NCBI(National Center For Biotechnology International).com
▶http//www.herbicide.slideshare.com
