Now days Biotech Era, What is application of biotechnology in Agriculture, Plantation and fertilizer. If we want to Improve qualitative and quantitative of Agri & Plantation then we definitely need of applying Biotechnological application.

1. BY:
Er. Rishikesh Mishra

2. CONTENTS
 Biotechnological tools & their applications in Plant
 Genetic transformations
 Plant cloning
 Plant genetic engineering
 Haploid plant production
 Bio fertilizers ( Mycorrhiza)
 GM crops( Biotech plants)
 GM Foods
 GMO( Genetically modified organisms)

5. GENETIC TRANSFORMATION
 Genetic transformation is the heritable change in a cell or
organism brought about by the uptake and establishment of
introduced DNA.
 basic requirements for genetic transformation are:
i. a target genome,
ii. a candidate gene,
iii. a vector to carry the gene,
iv. tissue culture and regeneration system,
v. modification of the foreign DNA to increase the level of
gene expression,
vi. method to deliver the plasmid DNA into the cell,
vii. protocols to identify the transformed cell, and
characterization of the putative transgenic plants at the
molecular and genetic levels.

7. Production of Haploid Plants

8. Haploid culture advantages
 Technique is fairly simple
 A large proportion of the anthers may respond
 Haploids can be produced in large numbers very
quickly
 Plants with lethal genes are eliminated from the gene
pool.
 One can produce homozygous diploid or polyploid
plants inbreeding

9. PRODUCTION OF HYBRIDS &
CYBRIDS

10. HOW THE HYBRIDS ARE PRODUCED

11. Bio fertilizers
Mycorrhiza as Bio fertilizers
 Mycorrhiza (fungus roots) is a distinct morphological
structure which develops as a result of mutualistic
symbiosis between some specific root - inhabiting
fungi and plant roots.
 In most of the cases plant seedling fails to grow if the
soil does not contain inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi.
 fungi has increased its significance due to its
multifarous role in plant growth and yield, and
resistance against climatic and edaphic stresses,
pathogens and pests.

12. Methods of using the inoculum
 Two methods:
a) using a dried spore-root- soil to plants by placing the
inoculum several centimeters below the seeds or
seedlings,
b) using a mixture of soil-roots, and spores in soil
pellets and spores adhered to seeds with adhesives

13. Benefits from Mycorrhizas to
Plants
 enhanced plant growth by increasing the longevity of
feeder roots.
 play a key role for selective absorption of immobile (P,
Zn and Cu) and mobile (S, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Cl, Br, and
N) elements to plants.
 VA mycorrhizal fungi enhance water uptake in plants
 reduce plant response to soil stress such as high salt
levels
 They increase resistance in plants to pathogens & pests

14. PRODUCTS
 GM CROPS ( BIOTECH PLANTS)
 GM FOODS
 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Leather
Bioethanol
 GMO( genetically modified organism).

15. GM CROPS ( BIOTECH PLANTS)
 Plant products of biotechnology approved for food
use have been modified to contain traits such as:
a) Insect resistance
b) Disease resistance
c) Herbicide tolerance
d) Altered nutritional profile
e) Enhanced storage life

16. Biotech Soybean
 Contain more essential amino acids than meat
 Herbicide-tolerant soybean
-contain a gene that provides resistance to one of two broad
spectrum herbicides.
-same as other soybeans in nutrition, composition, and in the
way they are processed into food and feed
 Oleic acid soybean
contains high levels of oleic acid
Conventional soybeans have an oleic acid content of 24%. These
new varieties have an oleic acid content that exceeds 80%.

17. Biotech Maize
 Herbicide-tolerant maize
-allow growers better flexibility in using certain
herbicides to control weeds that can damage crops.
 Insect-resistant corn
-contains a built-in insecticidal protein from a
naturally occurring soil microorganism (Bt) that gives
maize plants season-long protection from corn borers
-Bt maize also reduces toxin contamination

19. OTHER GM CROPS
Biotech Rice
Herbicide-tolerant rice
Insect-tolerant rice
Biotech Tomato
Delayed-ripening
tomato
Biotech Cotton
Herbicide-tolerant
cotton
Insect-resistant cotton
Biotech Potato
Insect-resistant potato
Virus-resistant potato
Biotech Papaya
Virus resistant papaya

20. Dominant GM crops in the World, 2008
Crops M/ha (million hectares)
Herbicide tolerant
soybean
73.3
Stacked traits Maize 28.8
Bt Cotton 16.1
Bt Maize 10.2
Herbicide tolerant
Maize
7.0
Herbicide tolerant
Canola
7.0
Stacked Traits Cotton 3.5
Herbicide tolerant
Cotton
1.4
Herbicide tolerant
Sugar Beet
0.5
Herbicide tolerant
Alfalfa
0.1
Others <0.1
Total 148.0

21. GM FOODS
 Term GM foods is most commonly used to refer to
crop plants created for human or animal consumption
using the latest molecular biology techniques
 Done by adding one or more genes to a plant's genome
using genetic engineering techniques.
 Most genetically modified plants are generated by the
biolistic method (particle gun) or by Agrobacterium
tumefaciens mediated transformation
 Once satisfactory plants are produced, sufficient seeds
are gathered

22. The advantages of GM foods
 Pest resistance
 Herbicide tolerance
 Disease resistance
 Cold tolerance
 Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance
 Nutrition
 Pharmaceuticals

23. APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIES
 Leather
 enzymes that can be applied to the first steps of the
process where fat and hair are removed from the hides
 Enzymes are also used during cleaning, and keratin
and pigment removal, and to enhance the softness of
the hide
 Bioethanol
 Bioethanol can be produced from starchy plant
materials using enzymes capable of efficiently making
the conversion

24. GMO
 GMO stands for genetically modified organism
 the term genetically engineered microorganism (GEM)
refers only to bacteria, fungi, yeast
 Recombinant GMOs can be produced by gene cloning
methods in which a non-native gene is introduced and
expressed in a new organism
 The introduction of bacterial genes into cash crops, to
enhance their growth, nutritional value or resistance
to pests, is becoming rather commonplace in plant
technology.

25. GEMs IN Bioremedediation
 GEMs, or "superbugs", for bioremediation, that could
withstand extreme conditions and rapidly break down
the recalcitrant chemicals plaguing our waste sites and
brownfields.
 Issues such as how to control the spread of these
superbugs and prevent an ecological upset, have
hindered their development
 Numerous proposals have been put forth and tested,
from programmed cell death mechanisms to
bioindicators to track their spread