This Presentation includes various tactics of IDM like Cultural control, Physical control, Chemical control, Biological control of plant disease. Useful for UG, PG Botany and Agriculture students
The overall description of major diseases of Rice or Paddy crop is ellustrated in presentation. The students prepairing for Agriculture can feel helpful. Thank You!
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
The overall description of major diseases of Rice or Paddy crop is ellustrated in presentation. The students prepairing for Agriculture can feel helpful. Thank You!
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
This power-point presentation related to the importance, objectives & scope of plant pathology. This is a brief guide for the students looking for to choose the Plant Pathology as their field of study. I hope you will like it.
FUNGICIDE APPLICATION INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF METHOD OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION
SEED TREATMENT-SEED DRESSING, SEED DIPPING
SOIL TREATMENT- SOIL DRENCHING
FOLIAR APPLICATION: SPRAYING, DUSTING
POST HARVEST APPLICATION
SPECIAL METHODS
WHAT IS THE NEED
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
This power-point presentation related to the importance, objectives & scope of plant pathology. This is a brief guide for the students looking for to choose the Plant Pathology as their field of study. I hope you will like it.
FUNGICIDE APPLICATION INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF METHOD OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION
SEED TREATMENT-SEED DRESSING, SEED DIPPING
SOIL TREATMENT- SOIL DRENCHING
FOLIAR APPLICATION: SPRAYING, DUSTING
POST HARVEST APPLICATION
SPECIAL METHODS
WHAT IS THE NEED
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
In this slide different fungi are Mentioned and their role as bio-control agents is also elaborated which is reviewed from different research articles cited in reference portion.
Integrated disease management (IDM), which combines biological, cultural, physical, mechanical, legislative and chemical control strategies in a holistic way rather than using a single component strategy proved to be more effective and sustainable.
My presentation on Integrated Pest Management. I had made a try from my side to create it knowledgeful and tried to include qualitative content after studying many articals, research papers and other online websites.
Management of insect pest management through different methods such as biological, chemical, mechanical, and most importantly integrated pest management.
Introduction
METHODS USED IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Cultural method
Biological control method
Breeding method for disease resistance
TYPES OF RESISTANCE
CONCEPT OF RESISTANCE
Advancements in Non-Chemical Weed Management.pptxshivalika6
Weeds compete with crops for essential resources such as nutrients, water, and sunlight.
Uncontrolled weed growth can significantly reduce crop yields, leading to economic losses for farmers.
Weeds serve as hosts for pests and diseases, increasing the risk of crop damage and yield loss.
Effective weed management is essential for maintaining soil health and promoting optimal crop growth.
Sustainable weed control practices contribute to environmental conservation and long-term agricultural sustainability.
Similar to Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM) (20)
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
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This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Prepared by
Amit Kumar Roy
Assistant Professor
Botany
* Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
2. • Integrated plant disease management (IDM)is an approach
that attempts to use all available methods of control of a
disease or of all the disease and pests of a crop plant for
best control but with the least coast and least damage
the environment
• Integrated plant disease management is a decision-based
process involving coordinated use of multiple tactics for
optimizing the control of pathogen in an ecologically and
economically.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
3. The implications of IDM are:
• Simultaneous management of multiple pathogens
• Regular monitoring of pathogen effects, and their natural
enemies and antagonists as well
• Use of economic or treatment thresholds when applying
chemicals
• Integrated use of multiple, suppressive tactics.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
4. Principles of Plant Disease Control
1. Avoidance—prevents disease by selecting a time of the year
or a site where there is no inoculum or where the environment
is not favorable for infection.
2. Exclusion—prevents the introduction of inoculum.
3. Eradication—eliminates, destroy, or inactivate the inoculum.
4. Protection—prevents infection by means of a toxicant or some
other barrier to infection.
5. Resistance—utilizes cultivars that are resistant to or tolerant
of infection.
6. Therapy—cure plants that are already infected
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
6. Components of integrated disease management:
The components of IDM include
1. Quarantine & regulatory measures
2. Cultural Control
3. Physical and mechanical Control
4. biological Control
5. Chemical Control
6. Host resistance
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
7. 1. Quarantine & regulatory measures
• Plant quarantine is the legally forced restriction on the
movement of diseased plant materials or of fungi,
bacteria or viruses that cause disease in plants.
• Quarantine & regulatory measures is a tool of Exclusion,
one of the Principles of Plant Disease Control
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
8. 2. Cultural Control
Cultural practices usually influence the development of disease in
plants by affecting the environment. Such practices are intended to
make the atmospheric, edaphic, or biological surroundings favorable
to the crop plant, unfavorable to its parasites. Cultural practices
that leads to disease control have little effect on the climate of a
region but can exert significant influence on the microclimate of the
crop plants in a field. Three stages of parasite’s life cycle namely,
Survival between crops, production of inoculum for the primary cycle
and inoculation can be control by following preventive measures.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
9. 2. Cultural Control
I. Deep ploughing
• Deep ploughing of the field results in exposure of propagules to
elevated temperatures and physical killing of the pathogen. This
can be regarded as dry soil solarization.
• Summer ploughing was effective at reducing populations of cyst
nematodes and increasing wheat yield.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
10. 2. Cultural Control
II. Flooding of the field
Flooding of the field somewhat resembles soil disinfestation.
Long-term summer soil flooding, with or without paddy culture
is found to be decreased populations of soil borne pathogens.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
11. 2. Cultural Control
III. Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is a very important practice, especially for soil borne
disease control. For many soil borne diseases, at least a 3-year
rotation using a non-host crop greatly reduces pathogen populations.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
12. 2. Cultural Control
Other good culture practices
• In order to reduce dispersal of soil borne pathogens between fields,
stakes and farm equipment should be decontaminated before moving
from one field to the next.
• Avoid soil movement from one site to another to reduce the risk of
moving pathogens.
• Weed control is important for the management of viral diseases. Weeds
may be alternate / collateral hosts for many important vegetable viruses.
• some pathogens can only enter the host through wounds, situations that
promote plant injury should be avoided.
• The pathogen inoculum can be reduced by removing plant material
(infected and healthy) after harvest.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
13. 3. Physical and mechanical Control
• Mechanical and physical controls kill a pathogens directly or make
the environment unsuitable for it. The common methods are:
1. Collect and destroy the disease infected plant parts.
2. Hot water treatment: Some seed borne diseases like loose smut
of wheat (52ºC for 11 min), leaf scald (50ºC for 2-3 h), red rot
(54ºC for 8 h) of sugarcane, black rot of crucifer (50 ºC for 20-30
min) etc. can be treated by hot water treatment by immersing
infected seeds in hot water at recommended temperature and
time.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
14. 3. Physical and mechanical Control
4. Hot air treatment is given to remove excess of moisture
from plant organs and protect them from fungal and bacterial
attack. Several virus infected dormant plants are treated by hot
air treatment at a temperature ranging from 35-54ºC for 8 h.
5. Refrigeration (low temperature treatment) is most common
method used to prevent postharvest diseases of perishables
fruits and vegetables.
6. Soil sterilization at 50-60ºC for about 30 min kills the all
soil borne pathogens.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
15. 4. Biological Control
• The use of biocontrol agents in disease management is
increasing, especially among organic growers. These
products are considered safer for the environment.
• Examples of commercially available biocontrol agents
include the fungi Trichoderma viride and Gliocladium
virens, an actinomycete Streptomyces griseoviridis, and
a bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
16. 4. Biological Control
• Bacteriophages have been found to be an effective
biocontrol agent for managing bacterial spot on
tomato.
• Paecilomyces lilacinus is a common saprobic,
filamentous fungus has been detected in the
rhizosphere of many crops. The fungus has shown
promising results for use as a bio-control agent to
control the growth of destructive root-knot nematodes.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
17. 4. Biological Control
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
18. 4. Biological Control
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
19. 5. Chemical Control
• When all the above methods are not-effective and
pathogens cause destructive loss of the crops then we
should go for chemical measures.
• Fungicides and bactericides are an important component
of many disease management programs. It is important to
remember that chemical use should be integrated with all
other appropriate tactics.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
20. 5. Chemical Control
• Information regarding a fungicide's physical mode of
action helps producers improves fungicide application
timing. Physical mode of action of fungicides can be
classified into four categories:
1. protective
2. after infection
3. presymptom, and
4. anti-sporulant (post symptom).
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
21. 5. Chemical Control
• Depending on the kind of pathogens they affect, the chemicals are
called fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, viricides, pesticides
and herbicide.
• Earlier the chemicals applied on plants or plant organs only
protected them from being infected and did not stop or cure a
disease after it had started. These chemical are protective in
action (protectant fungicides and others) and majority of them
effective only in the plant area to which they have been applied
hence they are localized in action, and are not absorbed and
translocate by the plant e.g., Bordeaux mixture , Burgundy mixture
etc.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
22. 5. Chemical Control
• The real breakthrough came in 1960s and onwords when
many new chemicals like benzimidazoles were
developed that showed therapeutic action and were
absorbed and translocate through tissue inside the
plant, such chemicals are called systemic fungicide or
bacteriocide.
* Integrated Plant Disease Management
Components of integrated disease management:
23. * Integrated Plant Disease Management
Advantages
Some of the benefits of an integrated approach are as follows:
1. Promotes sound structures and healthy plants
2. Promotes the sustainable bio based disease management alternatives.
3. Reduces the environmental risk associated with management by
encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics
4. Reduces the potential for air and ground water contamination
5. Reduces the need for pesticides and fungicides by using several
management methods
6. Reduces or eliminates issues related to pesticide residue
7. Reduces or eliminates re-entry interval restrictions
8. Decreases workers, tenants and public exposure to chemicals
9. Alleviates concern of the public about pest & pesticide related practices.
10.Maintains or increases the cost-effectiveness of disease management
programs