This document discusses the approach to evaluating a patient presenting with pallor. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to understand the importance of history and exam in workup of pallor, learn about causes and classification of anemia, how to interpret lab tests, and management of anemia. It then provides details on evaluating pallor, the definition of anemia, essential initial lab tests, and an approach to diagnostic workup of anemia based on mean corpuscular volume. Case examples are presented and discussed to demonstrate examples of iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12/folate deficiency anemia, and sickle cell anemia. Management of iron deficiency anemia is also reviewed.