Diagrammatic presentation of data, Types, Advantages and limitations.

1. 1
Compiled and Edited By
Ajita Gupta
Research Scholar
Dayalbagh Educational Institute
DIAGRAMMATIC
PRESENTATION OF DATA

2. 2
Diagrammatic presentation is the visual form of
presentation of data in which facts are highlighted in the
language of diagrams.
• It consists in presenting statistical material in interesting
and attractive geometrical figures (Bars, Circle, Rectangle,
Squares), pictures, maps and charts etc.
• It will attract the attention of a large number of persons.
• It facilitates comparison between two or more sets of data.
Meaning of diagrammatic presentation

3. TYPES OF DIAGRAMS
One dimensional
Two dimensional or Surface diagram
Three dimensional or volume diagram
Pictogram
Cartogram or Map Diagram
GENERAL RULES FOR CONSTURCTING DIAGRAMS
• Title, Proper size, Proper scale, Index, Sources, footnotes, Attractiveness, Neatness and
Simplicity

4. 4
1. One Dimensional Diagram
• One dimensional diagram are such diagrams where only
one dimensional measurement i.e. height is used.
• These diagram may be in the form of lines or bars.
• There is no importance of width or thickness in these
diagrams.
• The heights of these lines or bars are taken on the basis of
values.

5. Line Diagrams
• In these diagrams, only line is drawn to
represent one variable. These lines may
be vertical or horizontal.
• Line diagram is used in case where there
are many items and there is least
difference between different value.
• The construction of this diagram is very
simple. It makes comparison easy.
• It has no width and hence of very poor
visual effect, so it is less attractive.
5
Line Diagram

6. • Bar diagram is the easiest and most commonly used
method.
• It consists of bars of equal width (all horizontal or
vertical) standing on a common base line at equal
intervals.
• They make comparisons between different variables.
Examples: Simple Bar, Multiple Bar, Sub- divided
bar, Percentage Bar, Duo- Directional Bar, Deviation Bar
and Broken Bar Diagrams etc.
Bar Diagram
6

7. •Simple bar diagram is used for
comparative study of two or more items
or value of a single variable.
•These can also be drawn either vertically
or horizontally.
•Distance between these bars should be
equal.
Simple Bar Diagram
7
The diagram is used for make
comparison between more than two
variables.
This diagram is also known as
compounded bar diagram.
Multiple Bar Diagrams

8. This diagram is also known as
component bar diagram and
used in presenting the total of
data and their main parts,
divisions or components.
Sub-divided Bar Diagram
8
Like sub-divided bar diagram,
in this case also data of one
particular period or variable is
put on single bar, but in terms
of percentages.
Percentage Bar Diagram

9. In this case the diagram is on both the sides
of base line i.e. to left and right or to above
or below sides.
These two parts represent two
characteristics.
These diagrams may be vertical or
horizontal.
Duo-directional Bar Diagram
9
In these diagrams, only
deviations or differences are
shown instead of presentation
of original data.
Deviation Bar Diagram

10. Broken Bar Diagram
• This diagram is used
when value of some
variable is very high or
low as compared to
others.
• In this case the bars with
bigger terms or items
may be shown broken.
10

11. 11
2. Two Dimensional Diagram
• Two dimensional diagrams are those where the
length as well as width of bar both and the area
are considered in the construction of diagrams.
• These diagrams are also called as “Area” or
“Surface” diagram.

12. Rectangle Diagrams
• Rectangular diagram is one where both
length and width are considered while
constructing it.
• These two sides represent two different
characteristics of data.
12
Square Diagram
• Their areas should be
proportional to the
magnitudes of the data.
For square diagrams, the
square root of the given
figures which will give
the measurement of the
sides of the square.

13. Pie Diagram
• If the total of the circle is to be
shown in different parts or
components, sector diagram is
used for it. As there are 3600 at
the Centre, values of different
components are converted into
angular value staking the whole
data equal to 3600 .
• This diagram is also known as
sub divided circular diagram.
13

14. 14
3. Three Dimensional Diagram
• Three dimensional
diagrams are those in
which three dimension,
length, width and height are
taken into account.
• They are also known as
Cubic Diagram.
• It may be drawn in the
form of cylinders, blocks,
spheres, etc.

15. 15
4. Pictogram Diagram
• Pictogram is a technique of
presenting data through
appropriate pictures.
• Also called Picture Graph or
Pictograph.
• Pictogram prove very attractive
and effective.
• They create a lasting impression
on the mind.

16. 16
5. Cartogram or Map Diagram
• Cartograms are used to
represent data on geographical
basis. For example, possible
date of rainfall.
• These diagrams are very
attractive and effective if
message is to be communicated
to common people.

17. Advantages of Diagrammatic Presentation
• Attractive and Impressive
• Simple and Easy to understand. Even a layman can understand it
very easily and in a short time
• Helpful in Making Comparisons
• They save much time and energy
• Diagrams leave good visual impact
• Diagrams give a very clear picture of data
17

18. Difficulty in
presentation of
data with greater
accuracy
Limited
amount of
information
Misused
easily
Useful only for
comparative
studies
Only a limited set of
data can be presented
in the form of
diagram
LIMITATIONS OF DIAGRAMMATIC
PRESENTATION