Slideshow: Tibia
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Slideshow: Tibia
- 1. The Tibia
- 2. The leg is the region between the knee joint and ankle joint Ankle Joint Knee Joint Leg
- 3. The region above the knee joint is the thigh Hip Joint Knee Joint Thigh Leg Ankle Joint
- 4. There are two bones in the leg
- 5. There are two bones in the leg Tibia
- 6. There are two bones in the leg Fibula
- 7. There are two bones in the leg The Fibula • Lies Laterally • Is shorter • Is not a weight-bearing bone
- 8. There are two bones in the leg The Tibia • Lies medially • Is longer than the fibula • Is a weight-bearing bone • Is derived from the Latin word meaning flute
- 9. The Fibula and Tibia are held together by the Interosseous Membrane
- 10. The Tibia is a long bone with expanded proximal and distal ends with a shaft in between Proximal end Distal end Shaft right Tibia, anterior view
- 11. The Tibia is a long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes Proximal end Distal end Proximal Third right Tibia, anterior view
- 12. Proximal end (Head of the Fibula) Distal end Proximal Third Middle Third right Tibia, anterior view The Tibia is a long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes
- 13. Proximal end (Head of the Fibula) Distal end Proximal Third Middle Third Distal Third right Tibia, anterior view The Tibia is a long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes
- 14. The Tibia articulates proximally at the Knee Joint Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane right Tibia, anterior view
- 15. Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane The Tibia articulates distally at the Ankle Joint right Tibia, anterior view
- 17. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Posterior View right Tibia
- 18. The proximal end of the Tibia has two shelf-like projections known as Condyles Anterior View Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 19. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Medial Tibial Condyle Posterior View right Tibia
- 20. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Posterior View Lateral Tibial Condyle right Tibia
- 21. The upper surface of the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 22. The upper surface of the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Medial half of Tibial Plateau right Tibia
- 23. The upper surface of the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Lateral half of Tibial Plateau right Tibia
- 24. The Tibial Plateau has two articular facets that articulate with the Condyles of the Femur Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia right Tibia Lateral half of Tibial PlateauMedial half of Tibial Plateau
- 25. Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Between the facets is a non-articular area that features the Intercondylar Eminence also known as the Tibial Spine right Tibia Lateral half of Tibial PlateauMedial half of Tibial Plateau
- 26. Menisci 2 crescent-shaped intra-capsular fibrocartilaginous structures situated one on each Tibial Facet Superior view proximal Tibia Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus anterior posterior right Tibia
- 27. Menisci Each meniscus has an anterior and posterior horn that provide attachments to stabilise the meniscus Superior view proximal Tibia Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Anterior horns Posterior horns right Tibia
- 28. Menisci are wedge-shaped in cross- section The menisci widen and deepen the Tibial articular surface that receives the Femoral Condyles
- 29. Between the facets is a non-articular area which features the Intercondylar Eminence also known as the Tibial Spine Posterior View Proximal Tibia LateralMedial right Tibia
- 30. Anteriorly, below the Tibial Plateau is a prominence of bone The Tibial Tuberosity Proximal Tibia Anterior View right Tibia
- 31. Proximal Tibia Below the Tibial Plateau is a prominence of bone The Tibial Tuberosity medial view lateral view right Tibia
- 32. The Quadriceps Muscle converges distally onto the Patella, which is the largest sesamoid bone in the body The Patella then attaches to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament Tibial Tuberos Patell Ligame Quadriceps Muscle righ
- 33. Gerdy’s Tubercle is a faceted prominence on the anterior surface of the Lateral Tibial Condyle Lateral Tibial Condyle Gerdy’s Tubercle It receives the distal end of the Iliotibial Tract (band) Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 34. Attaches to Gerdy’s Tubercle on the anterior aspect of the Lateral Tibial Condyle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle Proximally it receives two muscles • Tensor Fasciae Latae • Gluteus Maximus Iliotibial Tract right side
- 35. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Soleal Line Provides attachment for the Soleus Muscle right Tibia
- 36. Tibial Shaft
- 37. The Tibia has 3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral When a patient lies in the scanner, the foot usually points outwards due to the natural resting position of the body, and not directly forwards as in the standing position This means that when interpreting scans remember that the anterior surface rotates anticlockwise for the right leg and clockwise for the left leg
- 38. The Fibula has 3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Fibula anterior posterior medial lateral
- 39. The Tibia has 3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Tibia anterior posterior medial lateral
- 40. The Tibia has 3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Tibia anterior posterior medial lateral
- 41. Anterior The Tibia has a sharp Anterior Border Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Anterior Border lateral view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral
- 42. The Tibia has a Posterior Border also referred to as the Medial Border Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Border medial view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior Posterior
- 43. Anterior Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Lateral Border lateral view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral The Tibia has a Lateral Border also referred to as the Interosseous Border
- 44. Anterior Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Lateral Border lateral view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral The Interosseous Membrane attaches here Interrosseous Membrane
- 45. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border
- 46. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Medial Surface There are no muscle attachments to this surface Medial Surface
- 47. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Lateral Surface Also known as the Extensor Surface
- 48. Cross section through leg approx 10 cm distal to knee joint anterior posterior medial lateral Extensor muscles
- 49. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Posterior Surface Also known as the Flexor Surface
- 50. Cross section through leg approx 10 cm distal to knee joint anterior posterior medial lateral Flexor muscles
- 51. Distal Tibia
- 52. Anterior View The most prominent feature of the distal Tibia is the Medial Malleolus
- 53. The most prominent feature of the distal Tibia is the Medial Malleolus Anterior View The lateral surface of the Medial Malleolus is covered in articular hyaline cartilage and articulates with the Talus at the Ankle Joint Lateral view of distal right Tibia
- 54. Lateral surface The Inferior surface of the Tibia is smooth, covered in articular hyaline cartilage and articulates with the Talus Medial Malleolus
- 55. mediallateral The Tibia and Medial Malleolus form the medial part of the articulation of the Ankle Joint
- 56. On the lateral aspect, the distal Tibia articulates with the distal Fibula at the Fibular Notch mediallateral lateral view of distal Tibia
- 58. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Iliotibial Band or Tract Proximally it receives two muscles • Tensor Fasciae Latae • Gluteus Maximus
- 59. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Iliotibial Band or Tract Distally inserts onto Gerdy’s Tubercle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle
- 60. Proximal Tibia Lateral View anteriorposterior Iliotibial Band or Tract Distally inserts onto Gerdy’s Tubercle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle
- 61. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Tibialis Anterior lateral medial Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 62. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Tibialis Anterior lateral medial Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 63. Proximal Tibia Anterior View Tibialis Anterior lateral medial Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal • Dorsiflexes ankle • Inverts foot Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 64. Proximal Tibia Lateral View anteriorposterior Tibialis Anterior Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal • Dorsiflexes ankle • Inverts foot Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 65. Semimembranosus Originates from superior lateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial
- 66. Semimembranosus Originates from superior lateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity Inserts onto the posterior aspect of the Medial Tibial Condyle Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial
- 67. Semimembranosus Originates from superior lateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity • Extends Hip • Flexes and rotates Knee Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Inserts onto the posterior aspect of the Medial Tibial Condyle
- 68. Proximal right Tibia Medial View posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia
- 69. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus A useful mnemonic to remember the order from anterior to posterior is Say Grace before Tea (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 70. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus A useful mnemonic to remember the order from anterior to posterior is Say - Sartorius Grace - Gracilis before Tea - SemiTendinosus (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 71. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 72. Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Popliteus Originates from posterior surface of Tibia superior to soleal line
- 73. lateralmedial Popliteus Originates from posterior surface of Tibia superior to soleal line The tendon passes upward and laterally and courses through the knee joint before inserting onto the Lateral Condyle of the Femur Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 74. lateralmedial Popliteus The tendon passes upward and laterally and courses through the knee joint before inserting onto the Lateral Condyle of the Femur Unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the Femur on the Tibia Originates from posterior surface of Tibia superior to soleal line Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 75. lateralmedial Soleus Originates from • posterior aspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 76. lateralmedial Soleus Unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserts middle 1/3 posterior calcaneum Originates from • posterior aspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 77. lateralmedial Soleus Plantarflexes the ankle Originates from • posterior aspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View Unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserts middle 1/3 posterior calcaneum
- 78. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Proximal right Tibia Posterior View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula
- 79. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Proximal right Tibia Posterior View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula
- 80. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula Inserts onto tuberosity of the navicular with extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals 2 - 4 Inverts, adducts, supinates foot Plantar flexes ankle Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 81. anteriorposterior Tibialis Posterior Inverts, adducts, supinates foot Plantar flexes ankle Proximal right Tibia Lateral View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula Inserts onto tuberosity of the navicular with extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals 2 - 4
- 82. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Flexor Digitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Soleal Line
- 83. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Flexor Digitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Soleal Line Splits into four slips, inserts onto plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
- 84. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Flexor Digitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Popliteal Line Splits into four slips, inserts on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Flexes toes 2 – 5 Plantarflexes ankle
- 86. Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- 87. posterioranterior Tibial or Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 88. Proximal right Tibia posterior anterior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Bird’s-Eye View medial lateral
- 89. Proximal right Tibia posterior anterior Posterior Cruciate Ligament Bird’s-Eye View medial lateral
- 90. posterior anterior Proximal right Tibia Posterior horn of medial meniscus Bird’s-Eye View
- 91. posterior anterior Posterior horn of medial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 92. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateral meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 93. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateral meniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 94. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateral meniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Posterior horn of medial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 95. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateral meniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Posterior horn of medial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 96. Muscle Summaries
- 97. Tensor Fasciae Latae Origin Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata Insertion Via the Iliotibial band onto Gerdy’s tubercle on superior tibia Action Assist gluteus maximus in maintaining extended knee, abducts hip Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Blood Supply Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery Anterior Thigh
- 98. Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Nerve Supply Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) Blood Supply Femoral artery Anterior Thigh
- 99. Gracilis Origin Inferior ramus of pubis, and adjacent ramus of ischium Insertion Medial surface upper tibial shaft, posterior to sartorius Action Adducts hip, flexes the knee, medially rotates tibia on femur Nerve Supply Anterior division obturator nerve (L2, L3) Blood Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, profunda femoris artery
- 100. Semitendinosus Origin Superior medial quadrant, posterior surface ischial tuberosity Insertion Superior aspect, medial tibial shaft Action Extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee Nerve Supply Tibial portion sciatic nerve (L5, S1) Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Posterior thigh
- 101. Semimembranosus Origin Superior lateral quadrant of posterior surface ischial tuberosity Insertion Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle Action Extends hip, flexes and medially rotates the knee Nerve Supply Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1) Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Posterior thigh
- 102. Popliteus Origin Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line Insertion Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur. The tendon passes into the capsule of the knee to the posterior part of the lateral meniscus Action Unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia. Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) Blood Supply Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery muscular, posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 103. Soleus Origin Posterior aspect of fibular head, posterior surface of upper fibular shaft, soleal line on posterior tibia and medial border of tibia Insertion unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserts onto posterior and upper surfaces of calcaneum Action Plantar flexor of ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Blood Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries Posterior Leg
- 104. Tibialis Posterior Origin Posterior aspect interosseous membrane, superior half of tibia and medial posterior surface of fibula Insertion Inserts onto navicular tuberosity and sends extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals Action Inverts, adducts, supinates foot, plantar flexes ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Blood Supply sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries Posterior Leg
- 105. Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line Insertion Splits into four slips, inserts on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 – 5 Plantarflexes ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Blood Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 106. Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe, weak ankle plantar flexor Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Blood Supply Muscular branches of peroneal and posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 107. Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 2/3rds lateral surface tibia, interosseous membrane Insertion Medial and plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle, invertor of foot Nerve Supply Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Blood Supply Anterior tibial artery Anterior Leg