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Slideshow: Tibia
The document provides a detailed anatomical description of the tibia, including its structure, functions, and relationships with other bones and muscles in the leg. It outlines key features such as the tibial plateau, condyles, interosseous membrane, and muscle attachment points, as well as the functions of various muscles associated with the tibia. Additionally, the document discusses ligament attachments and the articulation of the tibia with the knee and ankle joints.
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Slideshow: Tibia
- 1.
- 2. The leg isthe region between the knee joint and ankle joint Ankle Joint Knee Joint Leg
- 3. The region abovethe knee joint is the thigh Hip Joint Knee Joint Thigh Leg Ankle Joint
- 4. There are twobones in the leg
- 5. There are twobones in the leg Tibia
- 6. There are twobones in the leg Fibula
- 7. There are twobones in the leg The Fibula • Lies Laterally • Is shorter • Is not a weight-bearing bone
- 8. There are twobones in the leg The Tibia • Lies medially • Is longer than the fibula • Is a weight-bearing bone • Is derived from the Latin word meaning flute
- 9. The Fibula andTibia are held together by the Interosseous Membrane
- 10. The Tibia isa long bone with expanded proximal and distal ends with a shaft in between Proximal end Distal end Shaft right Tibia, anterior view
- 11. The Tibia isa long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes Proximal end Distal end Proximal Third right Tibia, anterior view
- 12. Proximal end (Head ofthe Fibula) Distal end Proximal Third Middle Third right Tibia, anterior view The Tibia is a long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes
- 13. Proximal end (Head ofthe Fibula) Distal end Proximal Third Middle Third Distal Third right Tibia, anterior view The Tibia is a long bone and may be divided into thirds for descriptive purposes
- 14. The Tibia articulates proximallyat the Knee Joint Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane right Tibia, anterior view
- 15. Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane The Tibiaarticulates distally at the Ankle Joint right Tibia, anterior view
- 16.
- 17. Proximal Tibia Anterior ViewPosterior View right Tibia
- 18. The proximal endof the Tibia has two shelf-like projections known as Condyles Anterior View Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 19. Proximal Tibia Anterior View MedialTibial Condyle Posterior View right Tibia
- 20. Proximal Tibia Anterior ViewPosterior View Lateral Tibial Condyle right Tibia
- 21. The upper surfaceof the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 22. The upper surfaceof the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Medial half of Tibial Plateau right Tibia
- 23. The upper surfaceof the Tibia is referred to as the Tibial Plateau Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Lateral half of Tibial Plateau right Tibia
- 24. The Tibial Plateauhas two articular facets that articulate with the Condyles of the Femur Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia right Tibia Lateral half of Tibial PlateauMedial half of Tibial Plateau
- 25. Bird’s-Eye View posterior anterior Proximal Tibia Betweenthe facets is a non-articular area that features the Intercondylar Eminence also known as the Tibial Spine right Tibia Lateral half of Tibial PlateauMedial half of Tibial Plateau
- 26. Menisci 2 crescent-shaped intra-capsularfibrocartilaginous structures situated one on each Tibial Facet Superior view proximal Tibia Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus anterior posterior right Tibia
- 27. Menisci Each meniscus hasan anterior and posterior horn that provide attachments to stabilise the meniscus Superior view proximal Tibia Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Anterior horns Posterior horns right Tibia
- 28. Menisci are wedge-shapedin cross- section The menisci widen and deepen the Tibial articular surface that receives the Femoral Condyles
- 29. Between the facetsis a non-articular area which features the Intercondylar Eminence also known as the Tibial Spine Posterior View Proximal Tibia LateralMedial right Tibia
- 30. Anteriorly, below the TibialPlateau is a prominence of bone The Tibial Tuberosity Proximal Tibia Anterior View right Tibia
- 31. Proximal Tibia Below theTibial Plateau is a prominence of bone The Tibial Tuberosity medial view lateral view right Tibia
- 32. The Quadriceps Muscle convergesdistally onto the Patella, which is the largest sesamoid bone in the body The Patella then attaches to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament Tibial Tuberos Patell Ligame Quadriceps Muscle righ
- 33. Gerdy’s Tubercle isa faceted prominence on the anterior surface of the Lateral Tibial Condyle Lateral Tibial Condyle Gerdy’s Tubercle It receives the distal end of the Iliotibial Tract (band) Proximal Tibia right Tibia
- 34. Attaches to Gerdy’s Tubercle onthe anterior aspect of the Lateral Tibial Condyle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle Proximally it receives two muscles • Tensor Fasciae Latae • Gluteus Maximus Iliotibial Tract right side
- 35. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial SolealLine Provides attachment for the Soleus Muscle right Tibia
- 36.
- 37. The Tibia has3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral When a patient lies in the scanner, the foot usually points outwards due to the natural resting position of the body, and not directly forwards as in the standing position This means that when interpreting scans remember that the anterior surface rotates anticlockwise for the right leg and clockwise for the left leg
- 38. The Fibula has3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Fibula anterior posterior medial lateral
- 39. The Tibia has3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Tibia anterior posterior medial lateral
- 40. The Tibia has3 borders and 3 surfaces MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head Tibia anterior posterior medial lateral
- 41. Anterior The Tibia hasa sharp Anterior Border Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Anterior Border lateral view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral
- 42. The Tibia hasa Posterior Border also referred to as the Medial Border Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Border medial view MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior Posterior
- 43. Anterior Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Lateral Border lateralview MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral The Tibia has a Lateral Border also referred to as the Interosseous Border
- 44. Anterior Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section Posterior Lateral Border lateralview MRI of cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral The Interosseous Membrane attaches here Interrosseous Membrane
- 45. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRIof cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border
- 46. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRIof cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Medial Surface There are no muscle attachments to this surface Medial Surface
- 47. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRIof cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Lateral Surface Also known as the Extensor Surface
- 48. Cross section throughleg approx 10 cm distal to knee joint anterior posterior medial lateral Extensor muscles
- 49. Mid-Shaft Tibia cross-section MRIof cross-section through right leg Looking up towards the head anterior posterior medial lateral Anterior border Posterior border Lateral border Posterior Surface Also known as the Flexor Surface
- 50. Cross section throughleg approx 10 cm distal to knee joint anterior posterior medial lateral Flexor muscles
- 51.
- 52. Anterior View The mostprominent feature of the distal Tibia is the Medial Malleolus
- 53. The most prominentfeature of the distal Tibia is the Medial Malleolus Anterior View The lateral surface of the Medial Malleolus is covered in articular hyaline cartilage and articulates with the Talus at the Ankle Joint Lateral view of distal right Tibia
- 54. Lateral surface The Inferiorsurface of the Tibia is smooth, covered in articular hyaline cartilage and articulates with the Talus Medial Malleolus
- 55. mediallateral The Tibia andMedial Malleolus form the medial part of the articulation of the Ankle Joint
- 56. On the lateralaspect, the distal Tibia articulates with the distal Fibula at the Fibular Notch mediallateral lateral view of distal Tibia
- 57.
- 58. Proximal Tibia Anterior View IliotibialBand or Tract Proximally it receives two muscles • Tensor Fasciae Latae • Gluteus Maximus
- 59. Proximal Tibia Anterior View IliotibialBand or Tract Distally inserts onto Gerdy’s Tubercle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle
- 60. Proximal Tibia Lateral View anteriorposterior IliotibialBand or Tract Distally inserts onto Gerdy’s Tubercle Iliotibial Tract Tensor Fasciae Latae Gerdy’s Tubercle
- 61. Proximal Tibia Anterior View TibialisAnterior lateral medial Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 62. Proximal Tibia Anterior View TibialisAnterior lateral medial Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 63. Proximal Tibia Anterior View TibialisAnterior lateral medial Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal • Dorsiflexes ankle • Inverts foot Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 64. Proximal Tibia Lateral View anteriorposterior TibialisAnterior Inserts onto Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st Metatarsal • Dorsiflexes ankle • Inverts foot Originates from • Lateral Condyle of Tibia • proximal 2/3rds of lateral surface of Tibia • Interosseous membrane
- 65. Semimembranosus Originates from superiorlateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial
- 66. Semimembranosus Originates from superiorlateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity Inserts onto the posterior aspect of the Medial Tibial Condyle Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial
- 67. Semimembranosus Originates from superiorlateral quadrant on the posterior surface of the Ischial Tuberosity • Extends Hip • Flexes and rotates Knee Proximal right Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial Inserts onto the posterior aspect of the Medial Tibial Condyle
- 68. Proximal right Tibia MedialView posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia
- 69. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus A usefulmnemonic to remember the order from anterior to posterior is Say Grace before Tea (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 70. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus A usefulmnemonic to remember the order from anterior to posterior is Say - Sartorius Grace - Gracilis before Tea - SemiTendinosus (Meaning Goose’s Foot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 71. posterioranterior Pes Anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus (Meaning Goose’sFoot) Refers to the partially confluent manner in which the three tendons insert onto the medial surface of the proximal Tibia Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 72. Proximal right Tibia PosteriorView lateralmedial Popliteus Originates from posterior surface of Tibia superior to soleal line
- 73. lateralmedial Popliteus Originates from posteriorsurface of Tibia superior to soleal line The tendon passes upward and laterally and courses through the knee joint before inserting onto the Lateral Condyle of the Femur Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 74. lateralmedial Popliteus The tendon passesupward and laterally and courses through the knee joint before inserting onto the Lateral Condyle of the Femur Unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the Femur on the Tibia Originates from posterior surface of Tibia superior to soleal line Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 75. lateralmedial Soleus Originates from • posterioraspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 76. lateralmedial Soleus Unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosisto form the Achilles tendon, inserts middle 1/3 posterior calcaneum Originates from • posterior aspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 77. lateralmedial Soleus Plantarflexes the ankle Originatesfrom • posterior aspect of Fibular Head • upper 1/3 of posterior surface of Fibular shaft • along the full length of soleal line • middle 1/3 medial border of Tibial Shaft Proximal right Tibia Posterior View Unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserts middle 1/3 posterior calcaneum
- 78. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Proximal rightTibia Posterior View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula
- 79. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Proximal rightTibia Posterior View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula
- 80. lateralmedial Tibialis Posterior Originates from •Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula Inserts onto tuberosity of the navicular with extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals 2 - 4 Inverts, adducts, supinates foot Plantar flexes ankle Proximal right Tibia Posterior View
- 81. anteriorposterior Tibialis Posterior Inverts, adducts,supinates foot Plantar flexes ankle Proximal right Tibia Lateral View Originates from • Posterior aspect interosseous membrane • superior half of posterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line • medial half of posterior surface of fibula Inserts onto tuberosity of the navicular with extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals 2 - 4
- 82. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial FlexorDigitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Soleal Line
- 83. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial FlexorDigitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Soleal Line Splits into four slips, inserts onto plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
- 84. Proximal Tibia Posterior View lateralmedial FlexorDigitorum Longus Originates from the posterior surface of Tibia distal to Popliteal Line Splits into four slips, inserts on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Flexes toes 2 – 5 Plantarflexes ankle
- 85.
- 86. Proximal right Tibia PosteriorView lateralmedial Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- 87. posterioranterior Tibial or MedialCollateral Ligament of the Knee Proximal right Tibia Medial View
- 88. Proximal right Tibia posterior anteriorAnterior Cruciate Ligament Bird’s-Eye View medial lateral
- 89. Proximal right Tibia posterior anterior PosteriorCruciate Ligament Bird’s-Eye View medial lateral
- 90. posterior anterior Proximal right Tibia Posteriorhorn of medial meniscus Bird’s-Eye View
- 91. posterior anterior Posterior horn ofmedial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 92. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateralmeniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 93. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateralmeniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 94. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateralmeniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Posterior horn of medial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 95. posterior anterior Posterior horn of lateralmeniscus Anterior horn of lateral meniscus Posterior horn of medial meniscus Anterior horn of medial meniscus Proximal right Tibia Bird’s-Eye View
- 96.
- 97. Tensor Fasciae Latae OriginAnterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata Insertion Via the Iliotibial band onto Gerdy’s tubercle on superior tibia Action Assist gluteus maximus in maintaining extended knee, abducts hip Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Blood Supply Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery Anterior Thigh
- 98. Sartorius Origin Anterior superioriliac spine Insertion Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Nerve Supply Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) Blood Supply Femoral artery Anterior Thigh
- 99. Gracilis Origin Inferior ramusof pubis, and adjacent ramus of ischium Insertion Medial surface upper tibial shaft, posterior to sartorius Action Adducts hip, flexes the knee, medially rotates tibia on femur Nerve Supply Anterior division obturator nerve (L2, L3) Blood Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, profunda femoris artery
- 100. Semitendinosus Origin Superior medialquadrant, posterior surface ischial tuberosity Insertion Superior aspect, medial tibial shaft Action Extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee Nerve Supply Tibial portion sciatic nerve (L5, S1) Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Posterior thigh
- 101. Semimembranosus Origin Superior lateralquadrant of posterior surface ischial tuberosity Insertion Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle Action Extends hip, flexes and medially rotates the knee Nerve Supply Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1) Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Posterior thigh
- 102. Popliteus Origin Posterior surfaceof tibia, superior to soleal line Insertion Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur. The tendon passes into the capsule of the knee to the posterior part of the lateral meniscus Action Unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia. Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) Blood Supply Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery muscular, posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 103. Soleus Origin Posterior aspectof fibular head, posterior surface of upper fibular shaft, soleal line on posterior tibia and medial border of tibia Insertion unites with gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserts onto posterior and upper surfaces of calcaneum Action Plantar flexor of ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Blood Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries Posterior Leg
- 104. Tibialis Posterior Origin Posterioraspect interosseous membrane, superior half of tibia and medial posterior surface of fibula Insertion Inserts onto navicular tuberosity and sends extensions to other tarsal bones and metatarsals Action Inverts, adducts, supinates foot, plantar flexes ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Blood Supply sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries Posterior Leg
- 105. Flexor Digitorum Longus OriginPosterior surface of tibia distal to soleal line Insertion Splits into four slips, inserts on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 – 5 Plantarflexes ankle Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Blood Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 106. Flexor Hallucis Longus OriginInferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe, weak ankle plantar flexor Nerve Supply Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Blood Supply Muscular branches of peroneal and posterior tibial artery Posterior Leg
- 107. Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateralcondyle of tibia, proximal 2/3rds lateral surface tibia, interosseous membrane Insertion Medial and plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle, invertor of foot Nerve Supply Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Blood Supply Anterior tibial artery Anterior Leg