The document contains a series of questions about muscles and structures in the gluteal region. It provides detailed information about the gluteus maximus muscle, superior gemellus muscle, and other anatomical features of the hip and pelvis. Key points covered include the attachments, innervation, and functions of specific muscles like the gluteus maximus and mechanisms.

1. Questions
Gluteal Region

2. The muscle in the diagram
1 Is supplied by the inferior gluteal
nerve
2 Attaches to the greater trochanter
3 Flexes the hip
4 Laterally rotates the hip
5 Attaches to the sacrospinous
ligament
Question 1 – gluteal region

3. The muscle in the diagram
1 Is supplied by the inferior gluteal
nerve
T
2 Attaches to the greater trochanter F
3 Flexes the hip F
4 Laterally rotates the hip T
5 Attaches to the sacrospinous
ligament
F
This is gluteus maximus.
It has an origin from the following;
-gluteal surface of ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
-posterior part of iliac crest
-posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
-sacrotuberous ligament
It inserts onto the iliotibial tract and the gluteal crest on the posterior surface of
shaft of the femur.
It extends and laterally rotates the hip.
Question 1 – gluteal region

4. With regard to the superior gemellus muscle:
1 It is a lateral rotator of the hip joint
2 It originates from the ischial tuberosity
3 It is supplied by the nerve to obturator internus
4 It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris
5 It assists in adducting the hip
Question 2 - gluteal region

5. With regard to the superior gemellus muscle:
1 It is a lateral rotator of the hip joint T
2 It originates from the ischial tuberosity F
3 It is supplied by the nerve to obturator internus T
4 It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris F
5 It assists in adducting the hip F
Superior gemellus arises from the outer aspect of the ischial spine and
inserts onto the greater trochanter.
By contrast, Inferior gemellus arises from the ischial tuberosity and inserts
in common with the superior gemellus and obturator internus onto the
greater trochanter. It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris.
Both gemelli laterally rotate the hip.
Question 2 - gluteal region

6. The tendons of the following muscles insert into the iliotibial
tract:
1 vastus lateralis
2 gluteus maximus
3 rectus femoris
4 tensor fasciae latae
5 lateral head of gastrocnemius
Question 3 - gluteal region

7. The tendons of the following muscles insert into the iliotibial
tract:
1 vastus lateralis F
2 gluteus maximus T
3 rectus femoris F
4 tensor fasciae latae T
5 lateral head of gastrocnemius F
Question 3 - gluteal region

8. The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the following
structures
1 internal iliac artery
2 superior gluteal artery
3 the pudendal nerve
4 the piriformis tendon
5 internal pudendal artery
Question 4 - gluteal region

9. The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the following
structures
1 internal iliac artery F
2 superior gluteal artery F
3 the pudendal nerve T
4 the piriformis tendon F
5 internal pudendal artery T
The boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen are formed by the lesser
sciatic notch (just below the ischial spine), and the sacrospinous and
sacrotuberous ligaments.
The pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery and vein leave the
pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis, and
immediately wind around the ischial spine to enter the lesser sciatic
foramen from behind.
The lesser sciatic foramen also transmits the tendon of obturator
internus out from the pelvis, and the nerve to obturator internus into the
pelvis.
Question 4 - gluteal region

10. The sciatic nerve
1 is accompanied by a branch of the inferior gluteal
artery
2 supplies adductor magnus
3 supplies the short head of biceps femoris
4 gives a sensory branch which supplies perianal
skin
5 goes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter
the gluteal region
Question 5 - gluteal region

11. The sciatic nerve
1 is accompanied by a branch of the inferior gluteal
artery
T
2 supplies adductor magnus T
3 supplies the short head of biceps femoris T
4 gives a sensory branch which supplies perianal
skin
F
5 goes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter
the gluteal region
F
The inferior gluteal artery was curiously, during embryological development, the main
axial artery of the lower limb. Wonders will never cease!
Adductor magnus has a dual innervation: most of the muscle is innervated by the
obturator nerve. However, the part of the muscle which arises from the ischial tuberosity
is innervated by the tibial component of the sciatic nerve.
The short head of biceps femoris is supplied by the common peroneal component of the
sciatic nerve.
The sciatic nerve crosses the greater sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal region.
Question 5 - gluteal region

12. The gluteus medius muscle
1 is attached to the anterior surface of the greater
trochanter
2 is an abductor of the hip joint
3 is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
4 is superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle
5 receives its blood supply from a branch of the
internal iliac artery
Question 6 - gluteal region

13. The gluteus medius muscle
1 is attached to the anterior surface of the greater
trochanter
F
2 is an abductor of the hip joint T
3 is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve F
4 is superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle T
5 receives its blood supply from a branch of the
internal iliac artery
T
Gluteus medius has an oblique attachment to the lateral surface of the
greater trochanter. Gluteus minimus attaches to the anterior surface of the
greater trochanter.
The superior gluteal artery which supplies the gluteus medius and minimus
is a branch of the internal iliac artery.
Question 6 - gluteal region

14. The region in the red highlight
1 Is the greater sciatic foramen
2 Is the obturator foramen
3 Transmits the obturator internus
muscle
4 Transmits the inferior gluteal nerve
5 Transmits the nerve to obturator
internus muscle
Question 7 - gluteal region

15. The region in the red highlight
1 Is the greater sciatic foramen T
2 Is the obturator foramen F
3 Transmits the obturator internus
muscle
F
4 Transmits the inferior gluteal nerve T
5 Transmits the nerve to obturator
internus muscle
T
This is the greater sciatic foramen.
The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the obturator internus muscle.
The nerve to obturator internus muscle leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic
foramen and enters the pelvis again through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Question 7 - gluteal region

16. The gluteus maximus muscle
1 arises in part from the dorsal surface of the
sacrum
2 is superficial to the gluteus medius muscle
3 is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
4 has a distal attachment to the iliotibial tract
5 is an external (lateral) rotator of the hip joint
Question 8 - gluteal region

17. The gluteus maximus muscle
1 arises in part from the dorsal surface of the
sacrum
T
2 is superficial to the gluteus medius muscle T
3 is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve F
4 has a distal attachment to the iliotibial tract T
5 is an external (lateral) rotator of the hip joint T
Gluteus maximus is innervated exclusively by the inferior gluteal nerve.
Most of gluteus maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract. The remainder of the
muscle inserts onto the gluteal crest on the posterior aspect of the upper end
of the femoral shaft.
Question 8 - gluteal region

18. The following structures pass through the greater sciatic
foramen below piriformis
1 tendon of obturator internus
2 superior gluteal artery
3 posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
4 the nerve which supplies gluteus maximus
5 the nerve which supplies gluteus medius
Question 9 - gluteal region

19. The following structures pass through the greater sciatic
foramen below piriformis
1 tendon of obturator internus F
2 superior gluteal artery F
3 posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh T
4 the nerve which supplies gluteus maximus T
5 the nerve which supplies gluteus medius F
The tendon of obturator internus crosses the lesser sciatic foramen, not
greater sciatic foramen!
The inferior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus maximus, and of course
crosses the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis.
Gluteus medius is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve which crosses
the greater sciatic foramen, above piriformis.
Question 9 - gluteal region

20. The following are lateral rotators of the hip joint
1 Piriformis
2 gluteus maximus
3 gluteus medius
4 quadratus femoris
5 gluteus minimus
Question 10 - gluteal region

21. The following are lateral rotators of the hip joint
1 Piriformis T
2 gluteus maximus T
3 gluteus medius F
4 quadratus femoris T
5 gluteus minimus F
Both gluteus medius and minimus are powerful abductors of the
hip joint, not lateral rotators.
Question 10 - gluteal region