This document discusses the anatomy of the leg. It begins by describing the cutaneous nerve supply to the front and back of the leg, including the saphenous, common peroneal, musculocutaneous, and sural nerves. It then outlines the three compartments of the leg separated by intermuscular septa, containing the anterior, lateral, and posterior muscle groups. Several pages provide details on the muscles, arteries, and nerves of the anterior and lateral compartments. The document concludes with descriptions of the extensor and peroneal retinacula and their functions in maintaining tendon positions.

1. LEG (Anterior & Lateral)
MOHAMED ELADL

2. SKELETON OF THE FOOT
Dr M Eladl

3. SKELETON OF THE FOOT
Dr M Eladl

4. CUTANEOUS NERVE SUPPLY OF
THE LEG.
 Front of the leg:
– Medial side:
 Saphenous nerve.
– Lateral side:
 Common peroneal nerve (Lateral
cutaneous nerve of the calf) for
upper lateral part.
 Musclocutaneous nerve for the
lower lateral part.
 Back of the leg:
– Posterior cutaneous nerve of the
thigh for the upper part.
– Common sural nerve for the
lower part.
Dr M Eladl

5. COMPARTMENTS OF THE LEG
 The leg is subdivided into 3
compartments by the anterior
and posterior intermuscular
septa and the interosseous
membrane between the
interosseous borders of the
tibia and fibula:
1. Anterior compartment:
contains the extensor
group of muscles.
2. Lateral compartment:
contains the peroneal
group of muscles.
3. Posterior compartment:
contains the flexor group of
muscles.
Dr M Eladl

6. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
 Four muscles
1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor halucis longus.
3. Extensor digitorum longus
4. Peroneus tertius
Dr M Eladl

7. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
 Four muscles
1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor halucis longus.
3. Extensor digitorum longus
4. Peroneus tertius
Dr M Eladl

8. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
 Four muscles
1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor halucis longus.
3. Extensor digitorum longus
4. Peroneus tertius
 Anterior tibial Artery
 Anterior tibial nerve (deep
peroneal nerve).
Dr M Eladl

9. MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
Dr M Eladl

10. MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
Dr M Eladl

11. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY AND NERVE
Dr M Eladl

12. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
1) Origin
2) Enter the anterior comp
Dr M Eladl

13. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
3) Run in the anterior comp
4) Termination
Dr M Eladl

14. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
Dr M Eladl
 Branches:
1. Posterior tibial recurrent
2. Anterior tibial recurrunt
3. Muscular Branches
4. Anterior medial malleoler
5. Posterior medial malleoler

15. ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:

16. ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:
 Course:
– Enters the anterior
compartment lateral
to the artery (after
piercing the lateral
intermuscular septum)

17. ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:
 Course:
– Enters the anterior
compartment lateral
to the artery (after
piercing the lateral
intermuscular
septum).
– Relations to the artery
!!

18. ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:
 Course:
 Termination

19. ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:
 Course:
 Termination
 Branches:
1. Muscular
2. Articular
3. Terminal

20. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY AND NERVE
Dr M Eladl

21. LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Dr M Eladl
 Two muscles
1. Peroneus longus
2. Peroneus brevis

22. LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Dr M Eladl
 Two muscles
1. Peroneus longus
2. Peroneus brevis
 Musculocutaneous nerve

23. MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT
Dr M Eladl

24. MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT
Dr M Eladl
Peroneus longus muscle Peroneus brevis muscle
Origin  Lateral surface of the head of the
fibula.
 Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the
shaft of the fibula.
 Anterior & posterior intermuscular
septa.
 Deep fascia.
 Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the
shaft of the fibula.
 Anterior and posterior intermuscular
septa
 Deep fascia
Insertion Medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
bone.
Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
Nerve
supply
Superficial peroneal nerve
Action 1) Eversion of the foot at the subtalar
joint.
2) Planter flexion of the ankle joint.
3) Maintain the transverse arch of the foot.
1) Eversion of the foot at the subtalar
joint.
2) Planter flexion of the foot at the ankle
joint.

25. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Origin:

26. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Course:

27. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Termination
In the distal third of the leg, by
piercing the deep fascia and
divides into two branches;
medial and lateral branches.

28. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Branches
1. Muscular branches: to
peroneus longus & brevis
muscles.
2. Cutaneous branch: to the
lower half of the anterior
surface of the leg.
3. Terminal branches:
 Medial branch: supply:
 The medial side of
the dorsum of the
foot.
 Digital branches to
the medial side of
the big toe and the
adjacent sides of
the 2nd & 3rd toes.
(the 2nd interdigital
left)

29. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
Dr M Eladl
 Branches
1. Muscular branches: to
peroneus longus & brevis
muscles.
2. Cutaneous branch: to the
lower half of the anterior
surface of the leg.
3. Terminal branches:
 Lateral branch: supply:
 The intermediate
part of the dorsum
of the foot.
 Digital branches to
the adjacent sides
of the 3rd & 4th (the
3rd interdigital
cleft) and 4th & 5th
toes (the 4th
interdigital cleft)

30. SUPERIOR EXTENSOR RETINACULUM
 Thickened band of deep fascia
in the lower part of the front of
the leg (above the ankle joint).
 Attachment:
Medially: to lower part of the
anterior border of tibia.
Laterally: to lower part of the
anterior border of fibula.
 Function:
keeps the extensor tendons in
contact with the lower end of
the tibia during their
contraction (prevent the
spring out of the extensor
tendon during their
contraction). Dr M Eladl

31. INFERIOR EXTENSOR RETINACULUM
 Thick Y-shaped band of deep
fascia in front of the ankle joint
 Attachment:
The lateral end (the stem of Y):
attached to the anterior part of
upper surface of calcaneus
Medially:
The upper band: is attached to
the medial malleolus.
The lower band: passes to the
medial side of the foot & fuses
with the deep fascia of sole.
Dr M Eladl

32. EXTENSOR RETINACULA
 Structures undercover of the
retinaculua: from the medial
to the lateral side:
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor Hallucis longus
3. Anterior tibial Vessels
4. Anterior tibial Nerve
5. Extensor Digitorum longus
6. Peroneus tertius
Dr M Eladl

33. PERONEAL RETINACULA
Dr M Eladl
Superior peroneal
retinaculum
Inferior peroneal
retinaculum
Definition Thickened bands of deep fascia on the lateral aspect of the ankle joint.
Attachment: From the lateral malleolus to the
lateral surface of the calcaneus
 Upper end: is attached to the
anterior part of the superior
surface of the calcaneus where it
is continuous with the stem of the
inferior extensor retinaculum.
 Lower end: is attached to the
peroneal trochlea on lateral
surface of the calcaneus
Function: Keep the tendons of the peroneal muscles in position during their
contraction

34. PERONEAL RETINACULA
Dr M Eladl
1. Superior peroneal retinaculum
From the lateral malleolus to
the lateral surface of the
calcaneus
2. Inferior Peroneal retinaculum
Attached to the anterior part
of the superior surface of the
calcaneus where it is
continuous with the stem of
the inferior extensor
retinaculum.

35. 
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