There are three main types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, chemical, and organic. Clastic rocks form from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, with the sediments deposited and compacted over time. Chemical rocks form when dissolved minerals precipitate out of solution. Organic rocks form from the remains of once-living organisms.
metamorphic rocks and their distinguishing features-megascopic and microscopic study of gneiss, schist, quartzite, marble and slate
Properties and characteristics and uses of metamorphic rocks
This report is about the convection current and the processes involved in this phenomena. This also includes a jingle (with lyrics) on the first part so that people could remember what theories are related to convection current and most importantly how it happends.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
ROCKS:
There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis of how they formed.
Igneous Rocks:
are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
form through when materials at the earth's surface (sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified).
Metamorphic Rocks:
are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and pressure without being melted.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
Origin and Abundance of elements in the Solar system and in the Earth and its...AkshayRaut51
Definition of Elements and atom
Origin of Universe
Theories of origin of Solar system and Earth
Chemical Composition of Planets
Chemical Composition of Earth
Chemical composition of Meteorites
Abundance of Elements
metamorphic rocks and their distinguishing features-megascopic and microscopic study of gneiss, schist, quartzite, marble and slate
Properties and characteristics and uses of metamorphic rocks
This report is about the convection current and the processes involved in this phenomena. This also includes a jingle (with lyrics) on the first part so that people could remember what theories are related to convection current and most importantly how it happends.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
ROCKS:
There are three kinds of rocks, that are defined on the basis of how they formed.
Igneous Rocks:
are formed from the solidification of molten rock or magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
form through when materials at the earth's surface (sediments) are buried and hardened (lithified).
Metamorphic Rocks:
are formed when older rocks are changed by heat and pressure without being melted.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
Origin and Abundance of elements in the Solar system and in the Earth and its...AkshayRaut51
Definition of Elements and atom
Origin of Universe
Theories of origin of Solar system and Earth
Chemical Composition of Planets
Chemical Composition of Earth
Chemical composition of Meteorites
Abundance of Elements
A really useful Revision resource about Geology, covering everything on the topic including:
- Igneous Rocks
-Sedimentary Rocks
- Metamorphic Rocks
-Physical, Biological and Chemical Weathering
- Transportation and Erosion
- Fossils
- Minerals
Using this revision guide you will know everything you need to know about Geology.
This explains each rock in the Rock Cycle and is perfect to teach a lesson or to help you with homework. It explains how the rock is formed, it's properties and examples of the rocks.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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2. Sedimentary Rocks
Earth’s crust is made mostly of Igneous Rocks.
But, most rocks on Earth’s surface are sedimentary rocks
(75%).
All sedimentary rocks form in an aqueous solution.
Sedimentary is derived from the Latin sedimentum, which
means “settling”.
3. Sedimentary Rocks
There are 3 main types of Sedimentary Rocks
1. Clastic
2. Chemical
3. Organic
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that
are made of broken-down materials
from other pre-existing rocks on
Earth.
Clastic: Rocks that formed from sediment fragments of other rocks.
Chemical: Rocks formed when dissolved minerals drop out of
solution.
Organic: Rocks that form from the remains of once-living
organisms.
5. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Weathering
Rocks on Earth slowly break down under forces of
nature.
Wind, water, and ice break rock apart.
This is called weathering (Think of weathering like a
“sand-blaster”).When rock weathers, it breaks into fragments or pieces.
These rock fragments are called sediment.
Sediment includes: gravel, pebbles, sand, slit, and clay.
7. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
EROSION
Strong Currents:
• Carries clay,
silt, sand, and
gravel.
Medium Currents:
• Carries clay,
silt, and sand.
Gentle Currents:
• Carries clay and
silt.
Quiet Currents:
• Carries mostly
clays and muds.
Erosional currents (moving wind and water) have energy to carry
sediment.
If the sediment is large, it will need a stronger erosional current to
carry it away.
As the current slows , the largest sediments begin to drop out first.
8. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
EROSION
Strong Currents:
• In the desert when the
wind picks up sand and
sandblasts rock.
Medium Currents:
• At the beach when the
waves come in and erode
the beach, you feel sand
suspended in the water.
Gentle Currents:
• On a hill where gullies
form from water running
over the land.
These sediments are carried away by wind and
water.
This process is known as erosion.
Large sediments – Needs strong current to move
it.
9. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
EROSION
LIKE SANDPAPER
• The movement of the sediment acts like
sandpaper to grind it down and smooth it out.
As these sediments are carried away, they are broken down
more.
The sediments start out large and jagged.
As wind and water bounces them around, they get smaller.
They also become more rounded the further away they are
carried.
10. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Deposition
Deposition occurs when erosional currents slow down!
If the current slows down, there is not enough energy to
continue to carry the sediments in the current.
As a result, the sediments fall out and are deposited.
Eventually these sediments will be deposited.
Deposition: when sediments settle out of
moving currents.
Ex. 1
• When a stream
enters a lake.
Ex. 2
• When a river enters
an ocean.
11. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Deposition
Sediments are usually deposited in layers that
build up.
Just like when you make “deposits” in a bank.
Your money “builds-up” over time.
Or, when you deposit your books in your locker
throughout the day.
13. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Compaction
As sediment builds up, it begins to compact.
Pressure from the layers above push down on the
lower layers.
Think of a trash compactor.
Compacting snow to make a snowball.
If sediments are really
small (Silt or Clay)
they will stick together
forming rock.
This rock forming
process is known as
Compaction.
14. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Compaction
Clay sediments compact to make the sedimentary
rock Shale.
Silt sediments compact to make the sedimentary
rock Siltstone.
15. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Cementation
Larger sediments cannot just be squeezed together to
make rock.
There needs to be something else that holds the rock
together. Water, carrying dissolved minerals, runs through the pore spaces between sediment.
Water drains or evaporates, leaving minerals behind.
Minerals in the water act like glue (quartz and calcite).
The minerals harden and cement the larger sediment together as rock.
If sediments are large (Sand and Gravel) they
will not stick together through compaction.
18. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Cementation
Think of cementation like fruit cake.
Fruit cake has
sediments
• Nuts
• Cherries
• Raisins
• Pineapple
• Cloves
But those sediments do not stay together on their
own.
The sediments would be loose if they were not
cemented together with – Batter.
19. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Classification
Sedimentary rocks are classified by sediment size:
Clay, Silt, Sand, and Gravel are the major types of
sediment.
They are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary
rocks.
Each sediment forms a different type of rock.
Sediment Clay Silt Sand Gravel
Example Shale Siltstone Sandstone
Conglomerate
or Breccia
Size Range
< 0.004
mm
0.004 –
0.063 mm
0.063 –
2.0mm
>2.0 mm
20. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Summary of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks form from pre-existing rocks.
Rocks on Earth weather and break into
sediments.
The sediment is eroded and carried away.
The carried away sediment is later deposited.
As sediment is deposited, it builds up layer upon
layer.
The layers compact over time.
Minerals dissolved in water start to glue sediment
together.
21. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from
dissolved minerals.
Water contains dissolved minerals
When water evaporates, those minerals
precipitate.
Precipitate means to come out of solution.
The mineral crystals grow together to make the
rock. Types of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
1. Limestone (most common)
2. Rock Salt
22. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Limestone
Travertine Limestone:
Limestone often found in
caves.
Limestone
Forms when Calcium Carbonate precipitates from
solutions.
The calcium Carbonate is essentially the mineral
Calcite.
How can we tell if a rock is Limestone?
23.
24. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Rock Salt
Rock Salt
Water rich in salt evaporates to leave salt crystals
behind.
Those crystals are especially the mineral Halite.
Halite forms the rock, Rock Salt.
25. Organic Sedimentary Rock
Rocks that come from the remains of organic
matter.
Types:
Petrified Wood
Coal
Fossiliferous Limestones
26. Petrified Wood
Petrified wood is a fossil.
It forms when plant material is
buried by sediment and
protected from decay by oxygen
and organisms.
Then, groundwater rich in
dissolved solids flows through
the sediment replacing the
original plant material with silica,
calcite, pyrite or another
inorganic material such as opal.
27. COAL
Coal is formed from vegetation that previously existed
in swampy and marshy soils which prevented their full
decay after their death.
As their remains piled up and were covered by more
and more deposits, they gradually underwent
compaction and cementation.
28. Chalk and Fossiliferous
Limestones
Chalk and Fossiliferous Limestones - formed from
the skeletons of marine organisms
Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary carbonate
rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral
calcite. Calcite is calcium carbonate or CaCO3
29. Chalk and Fossiliferous
Limestones
Fossiliferous limestone is any type of limestone, made
mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the
minerals calcite or aragonite, that contains an abundance
of fossils or fossil traces.