EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Topic: Classification of Rocks / Types of Rocks
Senior High School | Earth and Life Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11/12ES-Ib-10)
Senior High School | Earth Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11ES-Ic-6)
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This is a supplementary course presentation for basic petrology review in preparation to Applied Engineering Geology. The materials used in this presentation is mostly from Physical Geology - 2nd Edition by Steven Earle
EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Topic: Classification of Rocks / Types of Rocks
Senior High School | Earth and Life Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11/12ES-Ib-10)
Senior High School | Earth Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11ES-Ic-6)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
This is a supplementary course presentation for basic petrology review in preparation to Applied Engineering Geology. The materials used in this presentation is mostly from Physical Geology - 2nd Edition by Steven Earle
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called sediment.
The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called sediment.
This explains each rock in the Rock Cycle and is perfect to teach a lesson or to help you with homework. It explains how the rock is formed, it's properties and examples of the rocks.
Rocks on Earth can be classified into three categories based.pdfadaacollections
Rocks on Earth can be classified into three categories based on the way they were formed.
Igneous rocks are formed through volcanic action. Sedimentary recks are formed by deposition.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks undergo a change due to extreme heat and
pressure. Rocks that have a volcanic origin are classifed as igneous and form when magma or lwa
cook and hardens. As the magma or lava cook; crystals begin to form. The size of the crystals
depends upon how fast the magma or lawa cools. If magma cools quickly, small crystals form and
can be observed on the rock surface, such as in basalt, for example. Lava can cool so quickly that
crystals do nothave time to form at all, such as with obsidian. If mogma cools slowly. larger
crystals form and can easily be seen on the surface of rock specimens. A common example of
igneous rock that exhibits large erystal formation is granite. When Earth's materials are deposited
in layers and pressed together over time, sedimentary rocks form. The formation of sedimentary
rock begins with the deposition of sediments. As layers are added, the oldest or lower layers that
were deposited first experience increased pressure. The sediments and the spaces between then
are crushed together in a process cal ied conpaction. During the cementation process, the
sediments are bound together when a solution fills in around the particles like glue. If the
rediments deposited are sand particles, such as in a beach environment, sandstone forms. If the
sediments are fine sit or clay-sited particles, commonly cal ed'mud;' such as those found in basins
worldwide, shaie forms, thestone typically forms from shells and other sediments deposited in
ocean environments. A quiet and undistubed ewironnent will sometimes lead to fossit formation
vithin the Layers of sedimentary deposition. Metamorphic rock forms when one type of rock
changes into another due to exposure to heat and pressure ofter cansed by morement of material
deep beneath Carthis surface. This change to rock appearance and cemposition takes an
entrenelylong tine. Metamorphle rocks are often characterized by wavy layers of mineral orytals or
by the presence of unusual mincrals. Any rock can become a metamorphic rock. For example, the
sedimentary rock ahule forms from layers of deposited sitt. When exposed to high pressure due to
scologic processes. the metamorphic rock slate forms. The sedimentary rock sandstone changes
to cuataite when exposed to extreme heat and pressure beneath Eath's surface. Another example
of a metamorphic rock is mable. which forms when limestone is exposed to extreme temperatures
or prescure. Igneous basalt changes to schikt in the metanorphic process. The interesting. thing
about the motamorplic nrocess is that any rock-igneous, metamorphic, or seclinentary-will change
and form now metamorphic rock given enough time, heat, andor pressure. The rock cycle
llustrates how rocks move on and under Earth's crust and change from one typ.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
4. Sedimentary rocks
Small fragments of rocks fall to
the sea bed and build up in
layers, a process called
sedimentation.
The sediments get compacted
and the water squeezed out
from between them. The small
rock pieces and crystals
cement together to form
sedimentary rocks over
millions of years!
The oldest layers are at the
bottom and the youngest at the
top. There are sometimes
fossils.
6. Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are formed by
lava and magma cooling down.
They contain randomly
arranged interlocking crystals.
The slower they cool, the
bigger the crystal. Obsidian is
an extrusive igneous rock
containing small crystals
formed when magma erupted
from volcano.
Granite are intrusive igneous
rocks formed when magma
cooled slowly underground, it
has large crystals.
8. Metamorphic
Metamorphic
rocks are formed
from other rocks
that change due to
heat or pressure
because of earth
movements. They
do not melt, but
the chemical
formula changes.
When Shale
crystals are put
under pressure
they become
arranged in layers
to form slate.
Marble is formed
from limestone.
9. Erosion
Erosion is the process of breaking things down,
large things into small. Boulders become rocks,
rocks become sand.
There are three main
types of weathering –
The process when rocks
gradually wear away.
Physical
Physical weathering is caused by changes in temperature, freezing, thawing, wind, rain
and waves. An example is when water gets into a crack in a rock and freezes, it expands
and cracks the rock more! If the ice melts, more water gets into the crack, if the rock
freezes again the crack gets even bigger until a piece of rock falls off.
Biological
Biological
weathering is
caused by
animals and
plants wearing
away the rock.
For example plant
roots grow into
cracks, making
them bigger until
eventually the
rock falls away.
Animals can
cause weathering
too by walking,
climbing and
burrowing in the
Chemical
Chemical weathering is caused
by chemicals, especially in the
rain. The rain is slightly acidic
so some minerals react
causing the rock to weather.
For example chemical
weathering can cause the
creation of caves.
10. David
David is a
marble
statue
sculptured in
Florence, in
1504.
Marble is a
metamorphic
rock, that
was formed
from
limestone. If
it was
outside,
David would
be exposed
to physical
and
chemical
weathering.
11. Ramesses II
He was
created
1000BC in
Egypt, he is
made of
granite.
Granite is
more
resistant to
weathering
because the
grains of
granite are
very close
together and
are very
strong!
12. Sediment in
rivers gets
deposited as
the river
slows down.
Bigger and
heavier
particles like
pebbles and
sand are
deposited
first. The
lighter silt
and clay only
settle if the
water is
almost still.
Deposition of sediment
13. Tectonic Plates
The Earth's surface is made up of a series of
large plates (like pieces of a giant jigsaw
puzzle).
These plates are in constant motion travelling
at a few centimetres per year.
The ocean floors are continually moving,
spreading from the centre and sinking at the
edges.
Convection currents beneath the plates move
the plates in different directions.
The source of heat driving the convection
currents is radioactive decay which is
happening deep in the Earth.
The edges of these plates, where they move
against each other, are sites of intense
geologic activity, such as earthquakes,
volcanoes, and mountain building.
14. Plate Boundaries
There are a
number of different
types of plate
boundary.
Collision zones
form when two
continental plates
collide, an example
of this is the Alps
and Himalayas.
Neither plate is
forced under the
other, and so both
are forced up and
form fold
mountains.
15. Constructive Boundaries
Constructive
boundaries form
when plates move
apart. Volcanoes
are formed as
magma rises from
the mantle when
the land splits.
They usually
under the sea, an
example being the
mid Atlantic ridge.
E.g. In Iceland
17. Subduction zone
Subduction volcanoes occur where
the earth’s plates move towards
each other and collide. The areas
where this happens are called
destructive plate margins, because
the earth’s crust is being destroyed.
One plate, usually the one that is
heavier, is forced to dive (subduct)
beneath the other into the mantle,
causing it to heat up and melt. This
melted material (magma) pushes
its way back to the earth’s surface
under great pressure, and often
erupts explosively (as lava). The
area where the two pieces of crust
are in contact is called the
subduction zone.
18. Conservative Boundaries
A conservative plate
boundary occurs
where plates slide
past each other in
opposite directions,
or in the same
direction but at
different speeds.
Friction is eventually
overcome and the
plates slip past in a
sudden movement.
The shockwaves
created produce
an earthquake.
This occurs at the
San Andreas Fault in
California.
19. Haiti Earthquake
Haiti is on the
boundaries of the
Caribbean and
North American
Conservative
pates. In 2010
magnitude 7
earthquake hit
Haiti. Buildings
were poorly built
and not
earthquake
resistant and there
were very few
resources.
1,300,000 made
homeless
300,000 Injured
220,000 Dead