theories of evolution by Lamark and Darwin.pptxUOP
This presentation consists of theories of mechanism of evolution defined by Lamark and Darwin that gives an idea about how evolution took place and how organisms evolved in nature. Also it gives a very good idea about natural selection and survival of the fittest. This pptx will give u an idea about the adaptation of organisms to their environment and the survival of the fittest.
Features of multiple alleles. The same genes have more than two alleles. All multiple alleles in homologous chromosomes occupy the respective loci. A chromosome or gamete only has one group allele. Each human contains only two separate gene alleles, one for each homologous pair of chromosomes carrying the gene.
More than two alternative alleles of a gene are known as multiple alleles in a population occupying the same locus on a chromosome or its homologue. ... Multiple alleles express various alternatives of one trait. Different alleles can exhibit codominance, dominance-recessive behaviour or incomplete dominance.
theories of evolution by Lamark and Darwin.pptxUOP
This presentation consists of theories of mechanism of evolution defined by Lamark and Darwin that gives an idea about how evolution took place and how organisms evolved in nature. Also it gives a very good idea about natural selection and survival of the fittest. This pptx will give u an idea about the adaptation of organisms to their environment and the survival of the fittest.
Features of multiple alleles. The same genes have more than two alleles. All multiple alleles in homologous chromosomes occupy the respective loci. A chromosome or gamete only has one group allele. Each human contains only two separate gene alleles, one for each homologous pair of chromosomes carrying the gene.
More than two alternative alleles of a gene are known as multiple alleles in a population occupying the same locus on a chromosome or its homologue. ... Multiple alleles express various alternatives of one trait. Different alleles can exhibit codominance, dominance-recessive behaviour or incomplete dominance.
Ecosystem simulatorRead the Overview and launch thisecol.docxtidwellveronique
Ecosystem simulator
Read the Overview and launch this
ecolosystem simulator
. Familiarize yourself with the simulator interface. Notice that you can control which species are present in your environment initially and what the diets of each species are. The types of species possible in the program are Plants (A,B,C), Herbivores (A,B,C), Omnivores (A,B) and one top Predator. You can control the diet of each by indicating what they feed on. By setting up different starting configurations you can investigate the evolution of this simulated ecological system.
• A. In a couple of sentences describe what happens when you start with only plants (A & B) and then all species of plants present.
• B. Describe how many herbivores and omnivores you added (and what they eat) in order to create an ecosystem in which all three plant species can coexist. (if you cannot accomplish the survival of Plant C describe your best configuration. Describe your ecologies by identifying the species present and their diet, for instance:
Omnivore A eats Herbivore A, Herbivore A eats plant A and plant B, Herbivore B eats plant A, All plants present.
• C. If you can accomplish part B., see if you can get all of the species to coexist. (limit your time on this entire experiment to 90 minutes)
• D. If we assume that this simulation is a reasonable oversimplification of a typical ecosystems food web what does it tell us about biodiversity and ecology- are they robust or fragile? In general is an ecosystem’s biodiversity preserved as it responds to change?
Supplemental
Food webs
Virtual Lab 6: Evolution
Supplemental
Natural Selection simulator 1
Natural Selection Simulator 2
Alternative to Lab 6: Experiments in Evolution
Alternative Lab writeup for 6
Experiments in Evolution
This simulation follows a set of real life experiments in evolution and natural selection.
Read about Endler's work
then familiarize yourself with the interface, guppies, guppy predators, and the experiment. Use an "even mix" of the different guppy color types to start. Run three experiments one with each of the combination of predators. Each experiment should run for five or more generations.
• State the percentage that each color type makes up in your guppy population both before and after you have let five generations pass. With each experiment state a conclusion that is consistent with your observation.
• What two selection pressures are operative?
Virtual Lab 7: Anatomy and Dissection
A.
Complete one of the following online dissections:
1.
Earth worm
• Identify items 1 & 2 on the external dorsal surface of the worm.
• Identify items 3, 4, & 5 on the external ventral surface of the worm.
• Identify item 2 in the internal morphology w/o the digestive tract.
• Do worms have sex?
2.
Fetal Pig
• Use the Anatomical References guide. To what region of the body does dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior refer to?
• Investigate the Nervous syste.
Assignment 1BackgroundWhen you look around at the world, you .docxsherni1
Assignment 1:
Background
When you look around at the world, you can see many examples that demonstrate how an object's or a system's structure relates to its function. The structure of a highway system, for example, can affect traffic flow. You can, no doubt, think of many other examples.
In this Discussion Board assignment, you will look at the structure of the most basic unit of life, the living cell. You will also investigate how the structures of cells are directly related to the functions that are important to life.
Part 1
Your text describes the difference between the organelles in a eukaryotic cell and the more simple structure of a prokaryotic cell as an analogy between the chief executive officer's (CEO's) corner office and a cubicle. Organelles are like appliances or pieces of furniture that perform specific functions. Choose 1 organelle, and use an analogy to explain its function. For example, explain how a chloroplast is like a solar panel, or how a mitochondrion is like a furnace. Try to think of original analogies for other organelles or cell structures such as golgi, lysosome, cell wall, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, nucleus, and so on. Include how your analogy may be less than perfect. Compare your analogy with those of your classmates’.
Part 2
You will read that only plants, algae, and some bacteria are photosynthetic. There is an exception to this, though. One species of sea slug has found a way to steal chloroplasts, store them in cells lining its digestive tract, and live on the sugar that is produced (Milius, 2010). What benefit would there be for animal cells (including those of humans) to make their own food? Could cell, tissue, or genetic engineering allow humans to use chloroplasts this way? Describe 1 or 2 factors that would need to be considered for chloroplasts to function in an animal or a human.
Reference
Milius, S. (2010). Green sea slug is part animal, part plant. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/green-sea-slug/
Assignment 2:
Scientific inquiry in biology starts by observing the living species around you. What separates science from the other methods of seeking truth is that it is testable (e.g., one can devise experiments to test the validity of an idea); it is falsifiable (e.g., an experiment can reveal if an idea is false); and it involves natural causality (e.g., the method involves and depends upon the natural laws of the universe which cause things to happen in a predictable and repeatable manner).
Observation: Scientific inquiry begins when something interesting gets your attention.
Question: Following an observation, a question arises in your mind. It may be something like "I wonder what?" or, "I wonder how? or, "I wonder why?"
Assignment Details
In this assignment, you will take a look at the scientific method. You will design a (fictional) scientific study to answer a specific question based upon an observation.
First, choose 1 of the following observations ...
Bio 240 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.comBaileyac
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
• how forensic scientists take advantage of genomic variations in noncoding regions of DNA
• the techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis
Introduction: In recent years, law enforcement has been revolutionized by molecular biology. When human tissues are left behind at crime scenes, these tissues can be collected and processed to yield samples of DNA, which can then be treated to isolate specific DNA fragments that are highly variable in the human population.
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BIO 101 MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
BIO 101 MODULE 1 DISCUSSION
Discussion: Life’s Extreme Environments
Discussion Topic
Everything we know about life comes from studying our own planet. Recent discoveries about life forms in extreme environments have renewed scientists’ interest in looking for life elsewhere.
Just Click on Below Link to Download This Course:
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BIO 101 MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
BIO 101 MODULE 1 DISCUSSION
Discussion: Life’s Extreme Environments
Discussion Topic
Everything we know about life comes from studying our own planet. Recent discoveries about life forms in extreme environments have renewed scientists’ interest in looking for life elsewhere.
DNA and Genes Lab ActivityComplete your answers in the spaces .docxjacksnathalie
DNA and Genes Lab Activity
Complete your answers in the spaces provided. USE YOUR OWN WORDS – Yes even for definitions! Remember to add your last name and first initial to the file name prior to saving and submitting your completed assignment through Canvas.
Use your textbook, notes and these websites to answer the pre lab questions. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/cellcycle/trans/
Pre Lab Questions:
1. What is the product of transcription?
2. What is the region of DNA called where transcription begins?
3. What is the product of translation?
4. In your own words define each of the following: Silent mutation
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frame shift mutation
5. Where in the cell does translation take place?
Click on the link below to access the online lab.
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/DNA_And_Genes.html
Download and print the instructions for reference as you work through the lab. As you work through the lab fill in the table below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow contained in this document.
First read through the mutation guide. Once you close the guide you will see the buttons to begin the simulation. Note, you will be translating the mRNA strand into a protein.
As you work through each of the mutations fill in the charts below. You must complete 4 mutations for this lab activity. It’s good practice working with the codon table .
– Aris labs calls the codon table the ‘Genetic Code Chart’. Use the amino acid abbreviation for the protein sequence. For example the amino acid proline is abbreviated as pro.
You have to fill in all the letters AND the resulting amino acid sequence by dragging and dropping before you click the [check] button. Abrieviate STOP as either STP or END.
For each of the three mutations you will complete, fill in the table in this lab document with the original mRNA and amino acid sequence and the mRNA sequence and the resulting amino acid sequence RESULTING FROM the mutation as outlined in the mutation rule.
The various mutations represent missense, nonsense, silent and frame shift mutations. You must complete one of each. The lab will not necessarily present the mutations in this order. You must do the mutation and identify which type it is and make sure you do one of each.
6. Frame Shift Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
7. Missense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
8. Nonsense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original
A. Acids
Original
mRNA
Mutated
mRNA
Mutated
A. Acids
9. Silent Mutation example:
Pr ...
BIO 101 Introduction to Biology TUI
Just Click on Below Link To Download This Course:
https://www.coursetutor.us/product/bio-101-introduction-to-biology-tui/
BIO 101 Introduction to Biology TUI
BIO 101 Module 1 Introduction to Science
BIO 101 Module 1 Discussion
Discussion: Life’s Extreme Environments
Discussion Topic
Everything we know about life comes from studying our own planet. Recent discoveries about life forms in extreme environments have renewed scientists’ interest in looking for life elsewhere.
Bio 240 Education Organization / snaptutorial.comBaileya121
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
• how forensic scientists take advantage of genomic variations in noncoding regions of DNA
• the techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 3.1.1 WARM-UP
Examine the new newt histogram, which introduces you to some new information. Be ready to share your initial ideas.
(7 min)
3. 3.1.1 WARM-UP
There were no newts with Poison Level 10 200 generations ago, but there were newts with Poison Level 10 50
generations ago.
Answers will vary; the purpose is for students to express initial ideas. Some may mention mutations.
4. 3.1.1 WARM-UP
Summarize what the histogram representing poison levels from 200 generations
ago shows.
• The trait for the highest level of poison did not exist in the population.
We know that organisms pass traits onto their offspring through reproduction, so how
is it possible that a new trait could ever appear in a population? Wouldn’t a trait have
to already exist in the population?
6. Often scientists create an
explanation based on the
available evidence, and
then re-evaluate their
claim and reasoning upon
receiving new evidence.
You have done great
work explaining our
claim in previous lessons.
Now, it seems like there
is a little more to the
story that we’ll need to
investigate.
We want to present a complete scientific explanation, and
so we have to make sense of this new evidence.
3.1.1 WARM-UP
7. 3.1.1 WARM-UP
Chapter 3 Question.
Over the next few days, we will be
investigating a new question:
How did a poison-level trait that
wasn’t always present in the
newt population become the
most common trait?
You will then add what we discover to
your explanations for Alex Young, the
head biologist.
8. MutationsYou will read parts of the article Mutations: Not Just for Superheroes in your Amplify Library. (25 min)
In order to answer the
Chapter 3 Question, you
will need to investigate how
traits appear and become
common in populations.
To begin, you will read an
article from an article set
(Mutations: Not Just for
Superheroes) that will help
you understand how new
traits are first introduced.
3.1.2 ACTIVE READING
Investigation Question:
How do new traits
appear in
populations?
9. MutationsYou will read parts of the article Mutations: Not Just for Superheroes in your Amplify Library. (25 min)
The article will provide you
with an overview of
mutations.
Following this introduction
are articles about specific
cases where new traits
have appeared in real
populations.
Choose one of the
remaining three articles
to read and annotate.
3.1.2 ACTIVE READING
You will have a chance to
discuss what you have
read with a partner after
reading.
10. MutationsYou will read parts of the article Mutations: Not Just for Superheroes in your Amplify Library. (25 min)
Active Reading with a special emphasis
on making deeper connections
You have already learned a lot about natural
selection in this unit, so as you read the
article remember to look for places where
the new ideas can be connected to ideas you
have already learned.
Making connections while you read helps
your brain find a place for the new
information.
It helps you to better understand and use
the information you are reading about.
3.1.2 ACTIVE READING
11. 3.1.3 STUDENT DISCUSSION
DISCUSSING ANNOTATIONS
Share your annotations with your peers and revisit the strategy of making deeper connections.(10 min)
13. 3.1.3 STUDENT DISCUSSION
DISCUSSING ANNOTATIONS
Return to the Investigation Question.
How did a poison-level trait that wasn’t
always present in the newt population
become the most common trait?
After reading the articles, take some time to reflect
on possible answers to our investigation question
with a partner. Be ready to share your thoughts.
mutation: a random change to a
gene that sometimes results in a
new trait
14. 3.1.4 TEACHER
INTRODUCING THE HOMEWORK
Learn how to use the Mutation toggle in the Sim and prepare to revisit a population of
ostrilopes your have already studied. (3 min)
Mutation toggle and mutation
indicators in the Natural
Selection Simulation.
Open the Mutations Introduction mode.
Press NEXT until you reach the menu
for Ostrilopes.
15. 3.1.4 TEACHER
INTRODUCING THE HOMEWORK
Zoom in and find an
ostrilope in the
environment with a
mutation indicator (small
red circles with the letter
M inside).
You will notice this icon above
offspring that have traits that are the
result of mutations.
Let’s demonstrate turning fur mutations
on, using the Mutations toggle, and then
press RUN.
16. 3.1.4 TEACHER
INTRODUCING THE HOMEWORK
The mutations happen more often in
the Sim than in real life.
In reality, mutations that introduce
new traits are very rare. They cannot
be controlled or made to happen.
Mutation is a natural process that is always
occurring in the world.
Mutations in real life do not have an on and off
switch.
The Sim allows us to do this so we can learn more
about natural selection with and without mutations.
17. 3.1.4 TEACHER
INTRODUCING THE HOMEWORK
Connecting this Sim
activity to one from a
previous lesson.
These two populations of
ostrilopes should look
familiar—you investigated
them earlier in our unit.
The individuals in Population B all have traits for low fur, the population has low variation for
fur, and its environment is becoming colder.
To explore the effect of mutations on populations, you will investigate this population of
ostrilopes again, and this time you will have mutations turned on for fur traits.
18. 3.1.4 HOMEWORK
OSTRILOPE POPULATION IN SIM
Label histograms according to whether the
population survived or died out when the
environment became colder in your earlier
Sim activity.
19. 3.1.4 HOMEWORK
OSTRILOPE POPULATION IN SIM
Predict what will happen to Population B
with mutations. You do not have to be
certain about what will happen because
you will have an opportunity to test this
in the Sim.
20. 3.1.4 TEACHER
INTRODUCING THE HOMEWORK
Run Sim and pay special
attention to the ostrilope fur-
trait histograms while the Sim is
running, and test the outcome
with mutations for fur traits
when the mutation is on and off
to see the difference.
21. 3.1.4 HOMEWORK
OSTRILOPE POPULATION IN SIM
Upload a Sim
screenshot of your
final histograms and
answer the reflection
questions on your
screens.
