Intestinal Obstruction
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This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes two main types - mechanical obstruction caused by physical blockage, and paralytic ileus caused by loss of intestinal motility. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves abdominal x-rays to detect gas patterns and fluid levels. Treatment focuses on fluid resuscitation, decompression with NG tubes, and timely surgery to relieve blockages and prevent complications like strangulation.
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Recommended
Management of intestinal obstruction
Seminar presentation by 5th-year medical students under the supervision of in house lecturer. He was previously working as a consultant surgeon in Syria. Reference as mentioned in the slides.
Intestinal obstruction
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, common causes, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options. Intestinal obstruction can result from mechanical blockage from structural abnormalities (dynamic obstruction) or paralysis without physical obstruction (ileus). Common causes of dynamic obstruction include adhesions, hernias, volvulus, and intussusception. Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays, and CT scans. Treatment involves resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and potentially surgery to resolve the obstruction. Complications can include bleeding, infection, leakage, and reoccurrence of obstruction
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the downward movement of intestinal contents is arrested. It can be classified based on its pathological cause, level of obstruction, onset and course. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors and strictures. Symptoms depend on the level and type of obstruction and may include pain, distension, vomiting and constipation. Examination findings can provide clues to whether the obstruction is simple, strangulated or closed loop. Further testing is needed to determine the specific cause and appropriate management.
Intestinal ( Bowel) strangulation
1. Bowel strangulation occurs when the blood supply to a segment of bowel is compromised, leading to ischemia and potential gangrene if not relieved. It is a surgical emergency.
2. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scan or ultrasound.
3. Treatment requires urgent surgery to address the cause, such as reducing a hernia or untwisting a volvulus. Resection may be needed for non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative care focuses on monitoring for complications like infection or anastomotic leakage.
Intestinal obstruction by Dr.Usman Haqqani
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its classification, etiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management. It classifies obstruction by site (small vs large bowel), presentation (acute, chronic, acute on chronic), and blood flow (simple vs strangulated). Common causes are adhesions, hernias, tumors, strictures and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging like abdominal X-rays and CT scans. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, NG decompression, IV fluids, antibiotics if needed, and surgery for severe cases to remove the obstruction. Surgical procedures vary based on the site and nature of the obstruction.
Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
Large bowel obstruction
This document discusses various causes and radiological findings of large bowel obstruction. The most common causes are cancer (60%), diverticulitis (20%), and volvulus (5%). Radiological findings of large bowel obstruction include a peripherally located distended bowel with haustral markings and no air distal to the site of obstruction. Barium enema can demonstrate the level and degree of obstruction, and may show findings like an "inverted U-shaped" sigmoid loop or "bird's beak" sign in sigmoid volvulus. CT scan with oral and IV contrast is also useful to evaluate bowel obstruction and its underlying cause.
Acute intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, causes, clinical features, investigations and management. Intestinal obstruction occurs when bowel contents cannot pass through normally due to a mechanical or functional blockage. Clinical features depend on the location and cause of obstruction and may include pain, vomiting, distension and constipation.
Recommended
Management of intestinal obstruction
Seminar presentation by 5th-year medical students under the supervision of in house lecturer. He was previously working as a consultant surgeon in Syria. Reference as mentioned in the slides.
Intestinal obstruction
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, common causes, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options. Intestinal obstruction can result from mechanical blockage from structural abnormalities (dynamic obstruction) or paralysis without physical obstruction (ileus). Common causes of dynamic obstruction include adhesions, hernias, volvulus, and intussusception. Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays, and CT scans. Treatment involves resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and potentially surgery to resolve the obstruction. Complications can include bleeding, infection, leakage, and reoccurrence of obstruction
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the downward movement of intestinal contents is arrested. It can be classified based on its pathological cause, level of obstruction, onset and course. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors and strictures. Symptoms depend on the level and type of obstruction and may include pain, distension, vomiting and constipation. Examination findings can provide clues to whether the obstruction is simple, strangulated or closed loop. Further testing is needed to determine the specific cause and appropriate management.
Intestinal ( Bowel) strangulation
1. Bowel strangulation occurs when the blood supply to a segment of bowel is compromised, leading to ischemia and potential gangrene if not relieved. It is a surgical emergency.
2. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scan or ultrasound.
3. Treatment requires urgent surgery to address the cause, such as reducing a hernia or untwisting a volvulus. Resection may be needed for non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative care focuses on monitoring for complications like infection or anastomotic leakage.
Intestinal obstruction by Dr.Usman Haqqani
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its classification, etiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management. It classifies obstruction by site (small vs large bowel), presentation (acute, chronic, acute on chronic), and blood flow (simple vs strangulated). Common causes are adhesions, hernias, tumors, strictures and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging like abdominal X-rays and CT scans. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, NG decompression, IV fluids, antibiotics if needed, and surgery for severe cases to remove the obstruction. Surgical procedures vary based on the site and nature of the obstruction.
Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
Large bowel obstruction
This document discusses various causes and radiological findings of large bowel obstruction. The most common causes are cancer (60%), diverticulitis (20%), and volvulus (5%). Radiological findings of large bowel obstruction include a peripherally located distended bowel with haustral markings and no air distal to the site of obstruction. Barium enema can demonstrate the level and degree of obstruction, and may show findings like an "inverted U-shaped" sigmoid loop or "bird's beak" sign in sigmoid volvulus. CT scan with oral and IV contrast is also useful to evaluate bowel obstruction and its underlying cause.
Acute intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, causes, clinical features, investigations and management. Intestinal obstruction occurs when bowel contents cannot pass through normally due to a mechanical or functional blockage. Clinical features depend on the location and cause of obstruction and may include pain, vomiting, distension and constipation.
Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another. It occurs more commonly in children between 6 months and 2 years of age and is often caused by viral gastroenteritis leading to mucosal edema and lymphoid hyperplasia. In adults, intussusception usually has an identifiable anatomical lead point such as a tumor, polyp, ulcer, or Meckel's diverticulum. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Diagnosis can be made using imaging studies like ultrasound, X-ray, or barium enema which may show signs like a target or meniscus.
Meckel’s diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in approximately 2% of the population. It results from incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct during fetal development. While most cases are asymptomatic, Meckel's diverticulum can cause complications like bleeding, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and intussusception due to heterotopic gastric or pancreatic tissue. Diagnosis is often made through scans like a technetium-99m pertechnetate scan or CT scan. Treatment involves surgical resection of the diverticulum and adjacent bowel segment for symptomatic cases.
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses various causes and types of intestinal obstruction, including their presentation, diagnosis and management. It covers mechanical obstructions caused by adhesions, hernias, volvulus and intussusception. It also discusses paralytic ileus and pseudo-obstruction which are adynamic obstructions without a mechanical cause. The management involves supportive care, surgical correction of the underlying cause, and resection of non-viable intestine. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications like strangulation.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
Volvulus
Volvulus is a twisting of the intestine resulting in blood vessel compression and ischemia. There are three main types: midgut, cecal, and sigmoid volvulus. Risk factors include chronic constipation, abnormal intestinal contents, and congenital malrotation. Signs include abdominal distension, pain, vomiting, and rapid heart rate. Diagnostic tests include abdominal x-rays, blood work, barium enema, and CT scan. Treatment depends on the type but may include surgery, sigmoidoscopy, or monitoring for signs of ischemia. Complications can be dehydration, ischemic bowel disease, perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis.
Diverticulosis and diverticular disease
This document discusses diverticular disease, specifically diverticulosis and acute diverticulitis. It covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations including CT and barium enema, differential diagnosis, and Hinchey classification of diverticulitis severity. Diverticulosis is asymptomatic protrusions in the colon wall that become symptomatic as diverticulitis in 20% of cases from obstruction, inflammation, or perforation. Risk factors include low fiber diet and increased age. CT is the best imaging method to diagnose and stage diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is an inflammation and infection of small pouches called diverticula that form in the lining of the intestines, usually in the colon. It is commonly caused by trapped fecal material and bacteria. Symptoms include crampy lower abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment involves rest, clear liquids, antibiotics, and analgesics. A high fiber diet and fluid intake are recommended for prevention and management of diverticulitis. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, managing pain and nutrition, and health education.
Appendicitis
This document summarizes appendicitis, including the anatomy of the appendix, aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points include:
- The appendix is a tubular structure located in the lower right abdomen that can become inflamed (appendicitis).
- Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, often by a fecolith. Common symptoms include abdominal pain that starts around the navel and moves lower.
- Diagnosis is usually clinical but can be supported by blood tests showing leukocytosis and imaging like CT scans. Treatment involves intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and an appendectomy to remove the appendix.
Large bowel obstruction
The document summarizes key information about the large bowel (large intestine), including its anatomy, functions, signs and symptoms of obstruction, diagnostic evaluation, and management approaches. The large bowel extends from the distal ileum to the anus and includes the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It completes the absorption of water, aids in vitamin production by gut flora, and stores and expels feces. Large bowel obstruction presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, distension, and potential peritonitis. Evaluation includes abdominal x-rays, CT scans, and endoscopy. Initial management focuses on resuscitation, and surgery versus conservative approaches depend on the severity
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are impaired or blocked from passing through. It can affect the small or large intestine and be partial or complete. Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and impacted stool. Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans to locate the obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fluids, NG tubes, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to remove the blockage.
ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA
Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition caused by interrupted blood flow to the intestines. It has a high mortality rate of 60-80% if not treated promptly. The document discusses the definition, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests and management of acute mesenteric ischemia. Key diagnostic tests include bloodwork, abdominal imaging like CT angiography and angiography. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, stopping vasoconstrictors, and often emergency surgery to revascularize the intestines or resect non-viable bowel segments. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical given the rapid progression of intestinal tissue damage from ischemia.
Volvulus in git
The document discusses different types of intestinal volvulus including gastric, small bowel, large bowel, and combinations. Gastric volvulus is classified as organoaxial or mesenteroaxial depending on the axis of rotation. Small bowel volvulus often occurs due to midgut malrotation. Large bowel volvulus commonly affects the cecum or sigmoid colon. Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type of large bowel volvulus and presents as an inverted U-shape on imaging. Cecal volvulus results from torsion of the cecum around its own mesentery.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses intestinal atresia and obstruction. It begins by defining the two types of intestinal obstruction - simple and strangulating. It then covers the pathophysiology, causes including congenital lesions, clinical presentation depending on location and severity of obstruction, investigations including imaging and labs, and management including initial stabilization, surgery, and specific approaches for different types of atresia like duodenal and jejunal/ileal atresia. It also discusses related conditions like meconium ileus. The document provides detailed information on evaluating and treating neonatal intestinal obstruction.
Intestinal Obstruction .DR MAHIPAL., INDIA
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It describes different types of intestinal obstruction including mechanical obstruction, paralytic ileus and strangulation obstruction. The clinical exam, abdominal x-rays, CT scans and laboratory tests used in diagnosis are outlined. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, decompression of the intestine, monitoring of electrolytes and timely surgery depending on the severity and duration of the obstruction.
Bowel obstruction - Radiology Clinics 2015
Autors: Richard M. Gore, MD*, Robert I. Silvers, MD, Kiran H. Thakrar, MD,
Daniel R. Wenzke, MD, Uday K. Mehta, MD, Geraldine M. Newmark, MD,
Jonathan W. Berlin, MD
Volvulus
This document outlines the presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of volvulus, which is the twisting of a loop of intestine that cuts off blood flow. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon. Key points include that volvulus can be acute, sub-acute, or chronic; surgical intervention is usually needed to untwist the intestine; and nursing care involves pain management, fluid replacement, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and families.
Ischemic Colitis
This document discusses ischemic colitis, beginning with a review of colon anatomy and blood supply. It describes the pathophysiology and underlying causes of ischemic colitis, and divides its phases into transient ischemia, partial thickness ischemia, and full thickness infarction. The clinical picture, investigations including imaging and endoscopy, and management based on severity are covered. Treatment ranges from bowel rest for mild cases to surgical resection of nonviable bowel for severe full thickness infarction.
Surgical treatment for peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses surgical treatments for peptic ulcer disease. It outlines relevant anatomy and physiology, classifications of PUD, indications for surgery, and various surgical options including vagotomy, gastrectomy, Graham's omental patch, and suture ligation of the gastroduodenal artery. Complications are also reviewed. The prognosis is generally satisfactory with operative procedures, though complications can include bleeding, leakage, obstruction, and recurrent ulceration. Delayed treatment increases morbidity and mortality risks.
lower gastrointestinal bleeding ppt
Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a life-threatening condition defined by transfusing at least 4 units of blood in 24 hours, hemodynamic instability, or a hematocrit of less than 6g/dl. The main causes are diverticulosis (60%), unknown (13%), hemorrhoids (11%), and neoplasia (9%). Management involves resuscitation, risk assessment, blood transfusions, endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment, and angiography for patients with ongoing bleeding or when endoscopy fails to identify the source. Colonoscopy has high sensitivity but requires bowel preparation, while angiography can localize active bleeding but the patient must be stable. Endoscopic treatments include clips, thermal coagulation, and injections.
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional. Mechanical obstruction has causes such as adhesions, hernias, tumors and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging and identifying the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, conservative management or surgery to remove obstructions or resect non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative ileus is a common type of functional obstruction.
Constitutional phenotypes
A phenotype represents a defensive stance rather than a natural constitutional expression. Phenotypes can develop from life shocks, traumas, conflicts and false beliefs. Over time, as a patient works through past hurts, their natural genotype becomes more visible.
Natrum muriaticum is made from sodium chloride, or table salt. It illustrates retention and difficulty letting go. People needing this remedy are overly sensitive, reserved, and hold emotions in to avoid future hurt. They are serious, private, and cautious about security to feel safe. Physical symptoms include headaches, dry skin, constipation from difficulty releasing. Treatment may be resisted as exploring emotions feels threatening.
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Post gastrectomy syndrome
Dumping syndrome occurs after gastric surgery when food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It has early and late forms. Early dumping causes GI symptoms like nausea within 30 minutes and cardiovascular symptoms like palpitations. Late dumping 2-3 hours later can cause hypoglycemia. Treatment involves dietary changes and medications like octreotide. Other post-gastrectomy syndromes include afferent loop obstruction and vitamin deficiencies. Surgery may be needed to correct mechanical issues or revise reconstructions.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another. It occurs more commonly in children between 6 months and 2 years of age and is often caused by viral gastroenteritis leading to mucosal edema and lymphoid hyperplasia. In adults, intussusception usually has an identifiable anatomical lead point such as a tumor, polyp, ulcer, or Meckel's diverticulum. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Diagnosis can be made using imaging studies like ultrasound, X-ray, or barium enema which may show signs like a target or meniscus.
Meckel’s diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in approximately 2% of the population. It results from incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct during fetal development. While most cases are asymptomatic, Meckel's diverticulum can cause complications like bleeding, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and intussusception due to heterotopic gastric or pancreatic tissue. Diagnosis is often made through scans like a technetium-99m pertechnetate scan or CT scan. Treatment involves surgical resection of the diverticulum and adjacent bowel segment for symptomatic cases.
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses various causes and types of intestinal obstruction, including their presentation, diagnosis and management. It covers mechanical obstructions caused by adhesions, hernias, volvulus and intussusception. It also discusses paralytic ileus and pseudo-obstruction which are adynamic obstructions without a mechanical cause. The management involves supportive care, surgical correction of the underlying cause, and resection of non-viable intestine. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications like strangulation.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
Volvulus
Volvulus is a twisting of the intestine resulting in blood vessel compression and ischemia. There are three main types: midgut, cecal, and sigmoid volvulus. Risk factors include chronic constipation, abnormal intestinal contents, and congenital malrotation. Signs include abdominal distension, pain, vomiting, and rapid heart rate. Diagnostic tests include abdominal x-rays, blood work, barium enema, and CT scan. Treatment depends on the type but may include surgery, sigmoidoscopy, or monitoring for signs of ischemia. Complications can be dehydration, ischemic bowel disease, perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis.
Diverticulosis and diverticular disease
This document discusses diverticular disease, specifically diverticulosis and acute diverticulitis. It covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations including CT and barium enema, differential diagnosis, and Hinchey classification of diverticulitis severity. Diverticulosis is asymptomatic protrusions in the colon wall that become symptomatic as diverticulitis in 20% of cases from obstruction, inflammation, or perforation. Risk factors include low fiber diet and increased age. CT is the best imaging method to diagnose and stage diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is an inflammation and infection of small pouches called diverticula that form in the lining of the intestines, usually in the colon. It is commonly caused by trapped fecal material and bacteria. Symptoms include crampy lower abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment involves rest, clear liquids, antibiotics, and analgesics. A high fiber diet and fluid intake are recommended for prevention and management of diverticulitis. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, managing pain and nutrition, and health education.
Appendicitis
This document summarizes appendicitis, including the anatomy of the appendix, aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points include:
- The appendix is a tubular structure located in the lower right abdomen that can become inflamed (appendicitis).
- Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, often by a fecolith. Common symptoms include abdominal pain that starts around the navel and moves lower.
- Diagnosis is usually clinical but can be supported by blood tests showing leukocytosis and imaging like CT scans. Treatment involves intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and an appendectomy to remove the appendix.
Large bowel obstruction
The document summarizes key information about the large bowel (large intestine), including its anatomy, functions, signs and symptoms of obstruction, diagnostic evaluation, and management approaches. The large bowel extends from the distal ileum to the anus and includes the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It completes the absorption of water, aids in vitamin production by gut flora, and stores and expels feces. Large bowel obstruction presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, distension, and potential peritonitis. Evaluation includes abdominal x-rays, CT scans, and endoscopy. Initial management focuses on resuscitation, and surgery versus conservative approaches depend on the severity
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are impaired or blocked from passing through. It can affect the small or large intestine and be partial or complete. Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and impacted stool. Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans to locate the obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fluids, NG tubes, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to remove the blockage.
ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA
Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition caused by interrupted blood flow to the intestines. It has a high mortality rate of 60-80% if not treated promptly. The document discusses the definition, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests and management of acute mesenteric ischemia. Key diagnostic tests include bloodwork, abdominal imaging like CT angiography and angiography. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, stopping vasoconstrictors, and often emergency surgery to revascularize the intestines or resect non-viable bowel segments. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical given the rapid progression of intestinal tissue damage from ischemia.
Volvulus in git
The document discusses different types of intestinal volvulus including gastric, small bowel, large bowel, and combinations. Gastric volvulus is classified as organoaxial or mesenteroaxial depending on the axis of rotation. Small bowel volvulus often occurs due to midgut malrotation. Large bowel volvulus commonly affects the cecum or sigmoid colon. Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type of large bowel volvulus and presents as an inverted U-shape on imaging. Cecal volvulus results from torsion of the cecum around its own mesentery.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses intestinal atresia and obstruction. It begins by defining the two types of intestinal obstruction - simple and strangulating. It then covers the pathophysiology, causes including congenital lesions, clinical presentation depending on location and severity of obstruction, investigations including imaging and labs, and management including initial stabilization, surgery, and specific approaches for different types of atresia like duodenal and jejunal/ileal atresia. It also discusses related conditions like meconium ileus. The document provides detailed information on evaluating and treating neonatal intestinal obstruction.
Intestinal Obstruction .DR MAHIPAL., INDIA
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It describes different types of intestinal obstruction including mechanical obstruction, paralytic ileus and strangulation obstruction. The clinical exam, abdominal x-rays, CT scans and laboratory tests used in diagnosis are outlined. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, decompression of the intestine, monitoring of electrolytes and timely surgery depending on the severity and duration of the obstruction.
Bowel obstruction - Radiology Clinics 2015
Autors: Richard M. Gore, MD*, Robert I. Silvers, MD, Kiran H. Thakrar, MD,
Daniel R. Wenzke, MD, Uday K. Mehta, MD, Geraldine M. Newmark, MD,
Jonathan W. Berlin, MD
Volvulus
This document outlines the presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of volvulus, which is the twisting of a loop of intestine that cuts off blood flow. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon. Key points include that volvulus can be acute, sub-acute, or chronic; surgical intervention is usually needed to untwist the intestine; and nursing care involves pain management, fluid replacement, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and families.
Ischemic Colitis
This document discusses ischemic colitis, beginning with a review of colon anatomy and blood supply. It describes the pathophysiology and underlying causes of ischemic colitis, and divides its phases into transient ischemia, partial thickness ischemia, and full thickness infarction. The clinical picture, investigations including imaging and endoscopy, and management based on severity are covered. Treatment ranges from bowel rest for mild cases to surgical resection of nonviable bowel for severe full thickness infarction.
Surgical treatment for peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses surgical treatments for peptic ulcer disease. It outlines relevant anatomy and physiology, classifications of PUD, indications for surgery, and various surgical options including vagotomy, gastrectomy, Graham's omental patch, and suture ligation of the gastroduodenal artery. Complications are also reviewed. The prognosis is generally satisfactory with operative procedures, though complications can include bleeding, leakage, obstruction, and recurrent ulceration. Delayed treatment increases morbidity and mortality risks.
lower gastrointestinal bleeding ppt
Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a life-threatening condition defined by transfusing at least 4 units of blood in 24 hours, hemodynamic instability, or a hematocrit of less than 6g/dl. The main causes are diverticulosis (60%), unknown (13%), hemorrhoids (11%), and neoplasia (9%). Management involves resuscitation, risk assessment, blood transfusions, endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment, and angiography for patients with ongoing bleeding or when endoscopy fails to identify the source. Colonoscopy has high sensitivity but requires bowel preparation, while angiography can localize active bleeding but the patient must be stable. Endoscopic treatments include clips, thermal coagulation, and injections.
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Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional. Mechanical obstruction has causes such as adhesions, hernias, tumors and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging and identifying the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, conservative management or surgery to remove obstructions or resect non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative ileus is a common type of functional obstruction.
Constitutional phenotypes
A phenotype represents a defensive stance rather than a natural constitutional expression. Phenotypes can develop from life shocks, traumas, conflicts and false beliefs. Over time, as a patient works through past hurts, their natural genotype becomes more visible.
Natrum muriaticum is made from sodium chloride, or table salt. It illustrates retention and difficulty letting go. People needing this remedy are overly sensitive, reserved, and hold emotions in to avoid future hurt. They are serious, private, and cautious about security to feel safe. Physical symptoms include headaches, dry skin, constipation from difficulty releasing. Treatment may be resisted as exploring emotions feels threatening.
Constitutional genotypes
The document discusses six different constitutional personality types: Lycopodium, Calcarea Carb, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, and Silica. It provides detailed descriptions of the Phosphorus and Silica personalities. Phosphorus types are quick to excitement but can burn out easily. They are sensitive and seek to avoid conflict. Silica types are highly introverted and introspective with strong ethical views. The document also briefly describes Sulphur and Calcarea Carb personalities. Sulphur lives in the present moment while Calcarea Carb is down to earth and community-minded.
Management Of Intestinal Obstruction
The document discusses the assessment, investigations, and treatment of intestinal obstruction. It provides details on the history, physical examination, and various tests used to diagnose the cause of obstruction including blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans. It then outlines supportive care measures and describes specific surgical treatments for different types of intestinal obstructions like resection of gangrenous bowel or hernia repair with bowel resection if needed.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, defined as a blockage of the forward passage of food, waste, and gas through the intestines. It classifies and describes the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of intestinal obstruction according to age, site of obstruction, and mechanical vs. functional causes. Key points include various causes of obstruction like hernias, adhesions, tumors, intussusception; symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, distension; and treatments including conservative management with NBM and IV fluids or surgical intervention like laparotomy.
Mellss surgery y3 intestinal obstruction
This document discusses the clinical features, imaging, and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction. It describes the symptoms based on the location and duration of obstruction. Imaging findings like fluid levels and signs of specific conditions are outlined. Treatment involves supportive measures, surgery if indicated, assessing the site and cause of obstruction, and viability of the intestine. Non-viable intestine is resected while viability is determined for doubtful areas.
Intestinal Obstruction 1
Property of Prof Dr. Ismail Tantawy, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine. University of Zagazig
intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, examination, investigation, pseudo-obstruction, management, and surgical indications. Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are blocked from passing through. It can be caused by mechanical, paralytic, or functional factors. Examination involves inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the abdomen. Investigations include blood tests, radiological imaging like abdominal x-rays and CT scans. Pseudo-obstruction is obstruction without a mechanical cause. Management focuses on resuscitation, decompression, fluid replacement, and surgery if signs of strangulation or perforation are present.
Intestinal obstruction lecture
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It defines intestinal obstruction as a restriction in the normal passage of intestinal contents. Obstructions can be classified as dynamic/mechanical or adynamic/paralytic, acute or chronic, and by the level and nature. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms include pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and imaging tests. Management depends on the underlying cause but generally involves resuscitation with IV fluids, antibiotics, and surgery to remove or bypass the obstruction.
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Intestinal Obstruction Powerpoint Presentation
Nanay Ganda, an 84-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of inability to defecate for 4 days and intermittent abdominal pain over the past year. Imaging showed signs of partial intestinal obstruction. She underwent exploratory surgery where a tumor was discovered and removed at the descending colon. Biopsy results of the tumor were pending. Intestinal obstruction can be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors and other issues. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, like surgery, to avoid increased mortality if left untreated.
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, its causes, types, clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment. It notes that intestinal obstruction is a common cause of acute abdomen and can lead to high morbidity and mortality if not treated correctly. The main types discussed are dynamic, adynamic, strangulated, closed loop, and special types including internal hernia, bolus obstruction, and volvulus involving the small intestine, caecum or sigmoid colon. Clinical features, imaging findings, and indications for surgical intervention are provided. Early surgical intervention is indicated for suspected strangulation or in a patient with no prior abdominal surgery.
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Intestinal Obstruction
- 1. Intestinal obstruction
- 2. Intestinal obstruction Mechanical obstruction Paralytic Ileus
- 5. Intestinal obstruction Pattern in Africa 70 % of the patients were below the age of 15 years 80% with gangrenous bowel segments
- 11. Paralytic Ileus Mechanical obstruction
- 13. Strangulation Obstruction Simple Mechanical obstruction Surgical timing
- 18. Intestinal obstruction - Level HIGH LOW PAIN Crampy pain in paroxism Less intensity VOMITING Early, profuse, biliary Late, feculent may be absent METEORISM + +++ BEGINNING Acute Slow, insidious ABDOMINAL DISTENTION Moderate, upper quadrant Early, intense GENERAL CONDIT Early compromission preserved ELECTOLYTES Cl, K, Na rapid loss Late hydro electrolytic imbalance
- 25. Intestinal obstruction Gas in the small bowel outlines the valvulae conniventes, which usually occupy the entire trasverse diameter of the bowel image Radiological examination Small bowel
- 26. Intestinal obstruction Colonic haustral marking occupy only a portion of the transverse diameter of the bowel Radiological examination large bowel
- 27. Intestinal obstruction Radiological examination Typical the small bowel pattern occupies the more central portion of the abdomen, the colon shadow is on the periphery of the abdominal film or in the pelvis
- 28. Intestinal obstruction Radiological examination During paralytic ileus gaseous distention occurs somewhat uniformly in the stomach, small intestine and colon
- 31. Proximal obstruction Distal obstruction