Soil is a biologically active, complex mixture of minerals, organic materials, living organisms, air and water.
Soil contamination is the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration to the natural soil environment.
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
talking about the soil chemical properties and its objectives ,parts and etc .it also includes soil chemistry,buffer soil,acid soil,properties of acid soil,chemical composition and so on
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
Substances containing carbon are organic matter.
Soil organic matter consists of decomposing plant and animal residues.
It also includes substances of organic origin either leaving or dead.
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
talking about the soil chemical properties and its objectives ,parts and etc .it also includes soil chemistry,buffer soil,acid soil,properties of acid soil,chemical composition and so on
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
Substances containing carbon are organic matter.
Soil organic matter consists of decomposing plant and animal residues.
It also includes substances of organic origin either leaving or dead.
Phytostabilization refers to establishing a plant cover on the surface of the contaminated soils, which reduces their exposure to wind, water, and direct contact with humans or animals. Phytostabilization reduces the mobility, and therefore the risk, of inorganic contaminants without necessarily removing them from the site.
The Chemical properties of soils includes (1) Inorganic matters of soil , (2) Organic matters in soil , (3) Colloidal properties of soil particles and (4) Soil reactions and Buffering action , (5) Acidic soils and (6) Basic soils. This module highlights the major chemical properties of soils.
introduction about acidic soil and area distribution ,classification of acidic soil and source of acidic soil formation , characteristic of acid soil ,what are the impact on soil properties . Reclamation of acid soil , conclusion about acidic soil
Eco 4 soil physical and chemical properties Rabia Aziz
soil
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
This presentation was delivered at the National Conference on Botany and Agriculture and is aimed to draw the attention of the audience towards the growing problem of agri. waste management in India.
Phytostabilization refers to establishing a plant cover on the surface of the contaminated soils, which reduces their exposure to wind, water, and direct contact with humans or animals. Phytostabilization reduces the mobility, and therefore the risk, of inorganic contaminants without necessarily removing them from the site.
The Chemical properties of soils includes (1) Inorganic matters of soil , (2) Organic matters in soil , (3) Colloidal properties of soil particles and (4) Soil reactions and Buffering action , (5) Acidic soils and (6) Basic soils. This module highlights the major chemical properties of soils.
introduction about acidic soil and area distribution ,classification of acidic soil and source of acidic soil formation , characteristic of acid soil ,what are the impact on soil properties . Reclamation of acid soil , conclusion about acidic soil
Eco 4 soil physical and chemical properties Rabia Aziz
soil
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
This presentation was delivered at the National Conference on Botany and Agriculture and is aimed to draw the attention of the audience towards the growing problem of agri. waste management in India.
The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil are called edaphic factors.
Soil is a very complex medium. A good fertile soil contains mineral matter (40%), organic matter (10%), water (15%) and air (25%).
Mineral matter in the soil occurs in the form of particles. Soil can be studied under Physical and chemical properties.
Natural resource management is a discipline in the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. Soil is defined as the unconsolidated portion of the earth's crust modified through physical, chemical, and biotic processes into a medium capable of supporting plant growth. Soil properties influence the natural and the physical infrastructure of the landscape and ecosystems.
In this presentation, different aspects of edaphic factor like soil forming process, soil forming rocks, Soil profile, major soil types of India, physiochemical properties of soil, soil erosion and soil conservation are explained.
This is an introductory soil science presentation that I give to Master Gardeners, agribusiness personnel, farmers, and soil science students. Please feel free to contact me at andykleinschmidt@gmail.com with any comments regarding the presentation.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Vaccines provide protective immunity and immunological memory to individuals, families and communities against any infectious disease.
Vaccines are cheap, cost – effective , easily administered and adaptable to mass vaccination.
Viral diseases can be managed through vaccination.
A community is a complex group of individuals interacting and sharing an environment.
Communities can be characterized by their structure (the types and numbers of species present) and dynamics (how communities change over time).
All behavior patterns are co-ordinated sequences of neuromuscular activity. A rhythm is a periodically recurring event.
chronobiology is the study of science of life in relation with time.
The majority of organisms show daily and annual cycles of activity and development.
Thermodynamic laws describe the flows and interchanges of heat, energy and matter.
Almost all chemical and biochemical processes are as a result of transformation of energy.
Laws can provide important insights into metabolism and bioenergetics.
The energy exchanges between the system and the surroundings balance each other.
There is a hierarchy of energetics among organisms
The active principles of the endocrine glands are called hormones.
Hormones are specific chemical substances discharged directly into the blood.
The blood distributes the hormones through out the body.
Water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth.
Water sustains life and maintains ecological balance.
Water is the essential component of global life support system.
The muscle are biological motors which convert chemical energy into force and mechanical work.
This biological machinery is composed of proteins – which is actomyosin and the fuel is ATP.
With the use of muscles we are able to act on our environment.
Nervous system forms an interconnecting fibers of communication network.
In the ‘hard-wiring’ of the nerves, the signals travel in the form of a flow of electrical current called nerve impulses.
The stimulus-response reactions afford internal constancy in the face of environmental changes.
Enzymes are dynamic proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions.
Each enzyme acts on a specific reactant, the substrate.
Enzymes are characterized by greater activity, specificity and susceptibility to the influence of pH, temperature and other environmental changes.
Enzymes act in the presence of non-peptide cofactors or coenzymes.
An enzyme lacking its cofactor is called apoenzyme and the active enzyme with its co-factor, the holoenzyme.
Global climate change Refers to changes in any aspects of the earth’s climate including temperature, precipitation and storm intensity and patterns.
Global warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
The oceans are enormous in their size, volume and depth.
Animal life in the sea is very varied and more diversified in terms shape, size, form and weight-right from microscopic plankton to the giant whale.
Marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as; harm to living resources: hazards to human health
A biochemical technique used in Molecular Biology to amplify a specific fragment of target DNA.
PCR is used in medical and biological research, including cloning, genetic analysis, genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, pathogen detection and genetic fingerprinting
Electrophoresis is a separation technique that is based on the movement of charged particles in an electric field.
Electrophoresis is an analytical method of separating charged particles based on their relative mobilities in an electric field
It is the preparation of tissues for microscopic examination.
It is an effective diagnostic tool in clinical pathology.
Histological preparations reveal normal tissue structure, tissue abnormalities and cancerous conditions.
Gene therapy refers to the insertion of genetic material to correct a genetic defect.
In gene therapy, a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal," disease-causing gene
Natural resources are the materials which are required for the survival and prosperity of human beings.
Life of resources can be prolonged by using them diligently
The resources can be useful for a longer period of time and for a larger number of people.
During consumptive use, prevent exploitation, destruction or neglect.
More from St.Xavier's College , Palayamkottai - 627 002 (20)
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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1. Global
contamination
of soil
Presented by
Dr. B. Victor., Ph. D
Email : bonfiliusvictor@gmail.com
Blog: bonvictor.blogspot.com
2. “To forget how to
tend the soils is to
forget ourselves”
-Mahatma Gandhi
3. Presentation outline
Definition of soil
Soil-an introduction.
Human dependence on soil
Soil functions
Components, properties, profile, a
nd types of soil.
Soil contamination-
definition, causes and effects
Remedial measures
conclusion
4. Definition of Soil
Traditional definition – material
which nourishes and supports
growing plants.
Component definition – mixture of
mineral matter, organic
matter, water and air. (Example:
Loam soil = 45% mineral matter, 5%
organic matter, 25% water, and
25% air).
5. What is soil?
Soil is a biologically
active, complex mixture of
minerals, organic
materials, living organisms, air
and water.
6. Soil-an interface system
Soil is an interface between
biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere
and atmosphere.
7. Distribution of land on planet earth
Land occupies 38% of the total space.
Type of land % composition
Agricultural land ~30 %
Forests ~30 %
Desert 36%
Other land 4%
(rock etc.)
8. Basic Soil constituents
• Solid phase
Mineral matter
Soil is a Organic matter
three •Liquid phase
phase Soil water
system •Gaseous phase
Soil air
9. Human dependence on
soil resource
The site for A place for storing
An essential base
agricultural and raw materials and
of human life
forest production wastes
A mirror of the
A constituent
history of
element of
civilizations and
landscape
cultures.
10. Global degradation of soil
95% of human food is derived
from the earth.
Only 10% of the world’s land
area is suitable for growing crops.
Soil quality is degrading
worldwide.
11. Unique soil functions
An essential natural An integrator of all A medium for plant
resource. parts of ecosystems. growth
A storehouse of
A home for A decomposing
water, heat and
organisms medium for wastes
chemicals.
A buffer system to
A source material for
neutralize harsh
construction of
environmental
shelter
changes
12. Soil-an universal ecological system
A complex heterogeneous medium
A dynamic ecological system
The outer most layer of the earth’s
crust (Earth’s living skin-1/3 of surface).
A complex open process and response
system
A vital resource that provides
food, feed, fuel and fiber
14. Major components of soil
• Soils have four major
components:
(1) mineral matter,
(2) organic matter,
(3) air, and
(4) water.
Mineral matter contains
three
fractions, sand, silt, and
clay.
Organic matter contains
appreciable quantities
of nitrogen, phosphorus
and sulfur .
Air and water occupy
the pore spaces in soils.
15. Soil volume
Soil consists of
organic particles
and inorganic
matter with pore
spaces between
and within them.
Pore spaces contain
soil air, and soil
solution.
In other words, soil
volume consists of
solid, liquid
and gaseous
phases.
16. 5-components of soil
Soil component contents/functions
Organic matter -Dead and decaying plants
and animal & animal
manure.
-Add nutrients to the soil &
hold water.-
Minerals Inorganic materials
composed of sand, silt and
clay.
-gives texture to soil.
Living organisms Variety of organisms aerate,
mix and add nutrients to soil.
Water Essential nutrient for plants
Air Provides drainage.
18. Mineral particle size ranges
Mineral
sand, silt clay.
matter
Type of mineral Size range
particle
sand 2.0-0.06mm
silt 0.06-0.002mm
clay Less than 0.002mm
20. Soil water
(i.e. water in the soil).
Gravitational
water: Gravitational water
fills all the pore-space, and
leaves no room for oxygen
and gaseous exchange.
Capillary water: This water
which is held with the force
of surface tension by the
soil particles, and is
resistant to the forces of
gravity.
Hygroscopic water: This
water is held so tightly (by
surface tension) to the soil
particles that the plant
roots can't take it up.
21. ‘Big picture’ of soil properties
Mineral texture
texture
Organic texture
Micro-aggregates
structure
Macro-aggregates
Micro-porosity
Total porosity Meso-porosity
Macro-porosity
Capillary water
Soil water Gravitational water
Hygroscopic water
22. Physical Properties of Soils
Soil Texture –the relative proportions
of sand, silt, and clay in the soil.
e.g. sandy soil, silty soil, and clay soil.
Soil Structure – Structure refers to the
arrangement of soil particles.
E.g., Granular, Platy, Wedge, Blocky,
Prismatic, and Columnar.
Soil structure is of particular
importance in the absorption of
water and the circulation of air
23. Physical properties of soil
Soil texture • Sandy soil, clayey soil, loamy soil
• Granules, crumbs, columns, prisms, blocks, or
Soil structure clusters
Water holding • Depends on texture of soil
capacity • Clay soil holds more water.
• Low pH soils-acidic
Acidity/alkalinity • High pH soils-alkaline
Consistence • Hard, loose, friable, firm, plastic and sticky
color • Dark, yellow, grey hues
24. Soil Color
Color in soils is due primarily to two
factors, humus content and the chemical
nature of the iron compounds.
Chemical
Humus nature of
content the iron Soil color
compounds
Humus has a dark brown or black color.
Iron is an important color material which
stains mineral particles
Ferrous oxide gives gray color
Ferric oxide gives red color
Hydrated ferric oxide gives yellow color
25. Soil profile
Horizon contents
O horizon Fungi, animal wastes,
leaves and branches,
at various levels of
decomposition.
A Horizon(Topsoil) Partially
decomposed matter
B Horizon(Subsoil) Few organisms
Less organic matter
C Horizon partly weathered or
decomposed rock.
R Horizon the solid rock layer
26. Soil pH
Soil pH is primarily controlled by the
concentration of free hydrogen
ions in the soil matrix.
Acidic soils have a relatively large
concentration of hydrogen ions.
Alkaline soils have a relatively low
concentration of hydrogen ions.
27. pH and soil fertility
Soil fertility • Soil fertility is directly influenced by pH
through the solubility of many nutrients.
• At low pH, many nutrients become very
Low pH soluble and are readily leached from the
soil profile
High pH • At high pH, nutrients become insoluble
and plants cannot readily extract them.
Optimum • Maximum soil fertility occurs in the range
pH 6.0 to 7.2
28. Soil Types
Depending on the size of the
particles in the soil, it can be
classified as:
Sandy soil
Silty soil
Clay soil
Loamy soil
Peaty soil
Chalky soil
31. Dependence biota on soil
Soil biota depend on
the soil environment
for their energy and
nutrient supply.
32. Soil contamination
Soil contamination is the
presence of man-made
chemicals or other
alteration to the natural
soil environment.
33. The fate of contaminants in soil
Contaminants bind
tightly to the soil
Contaminants
evaporate into the air
Contaminants end up
in soil/ground water.
35. Sources of soil contaminants
Industrial • Active mines
pollution • Solid wastes, waste waters
• Consumption of fossil
Oil pollution fuels.
Agricultural
• Pesticides, fertilizers
pollution
36. Land pollution: sources of
solid wastes
Wastes from agriculture – crop and farm
residues, anima manure.
Wastes from mining – coal wastes, metal ore
wastes.
Industrial wastes- solvents chemicals, paints.
Solids from sewage treatments-biomass
sludge, settled solids.
Ashes – residues from solid fuels
Carbage –
glass, metals, clothes, plastics, wood, papers.
37. Causes of soil contamination
Indiscriminate use of fertilizers
Indiscriminate use of
pesticides, insecticides and herbicides.
Dumping of solid wastes
Deforestation and soil erosion
Urbanization
40. Human health effects
Exposure to
• Nervous system disorders,
heavy metals kidney damage, liver toxicity.
in soil
Exposure to
agricultural • Cancer, infertility
chemicals
Other
• Birth defects, nervous system
industrial disorders, kidney diseases.
toxins
41. Reducing soil contamination
Reduce use of herbicides and pesticides
Encourage organic farming.
Dispose garbage properly.
Recycle garbage.
Avoid over packaged items.
Utilize natural resources efficiently and
reduce wastage.
42. Dr.B.Victor is a highly experienced
professor, recently retired from the reputed
educational institution- St. Xavier’ s
College, Palayamkottai, India-627001.
He was the dean of sciences, IQAC coordinator
and assistant controller of examinations.
He has more than 32 years of teaching and
research experience
He has taught a diversity of courses and guided
12 Ph.D scholars.
send your comments to :
bonfiliusvictor@gmail.com