1. Cold war based on space
presentation
• This is a compilation work taken from
different sources. This presentation has
been complied by
Bandile Kabini
4. Iron Curtain
• Eastern communist
vs. Western
capitalist
• “From Stettin in
the Baltic to
Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron
curtain has
descended across
the continent”
—Winston Churchill,
1946
5. Iron Curtain –
A term used by
Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
6. Warsaw Pact (1955)
•
•
•
•
USSR
East Germany
Poland
Romania
•
•
•
•
Czechoslovakia
Bulgaria
Hungary
Albania
COMMUNIST
Warsaw was the communist capital of Poland
7. “HOT” WARS IN THE “COLD WAR”
• Containment – try to stop the spread of
communism
• USSR or China supported nations during civil
wars in hopes of spreading communism
– military aid, training and equipment
• United States sided with the opposition to the
communist party to prevent the spread of
communism
– military aid, training and equipment
9. The Cold War
Suspicions
• WW2 end with German invasion in June 1941. Western allies
entered Germany from the west and the Soviet Union from
the east. This was a collaborated effort.
• Stalin suspicion believed that the British and the Americans
had conspired to allow the Soviets to bear the brunt of the
fighting against Nazi Germany in order to step in at the last
moment and shape the peace settlement.
• Soviet perceptions of the West created their hostility
towards the Allied powers.
10. What was the Cold War?
• Rivalry between the communist USSR (and its
allies) and the democratic, capitalist USA (and its
allies) between 1949 and 1989
• Both sides contributed to wars in other countries
to gain allies.
• The main danger from conflicts during the Cold
War was nuclear weapons!!!
11. The Cold War
Conflicting Ideologies
• Joseph Stalin consolidated territorial gains (war winnings)
and started to spread communism. Advocated communism
world domination.
• Organized the Communist Information Bureau (CONIFORM)
to encourage communism
• KGB was created and used for Intel.
12. The Cold War
Conflicting Ideologies
•
•
•
•
Harry S. Truman wanted to preserve capitalism.
Truman Doctrine was formed for the free people.
Idea of containment was initiated
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was
created.
13. This period in history will be
remembered for many events
such as the one I have
mentioned below
1.
The space race
15. Questions and Answers
•
•
•
•
What was the Space Race?
Exploration and an adventure.
Political event of scientific and technological
challenge
International competition of prestige and
power
Race launched satellites, probes, and aircrafts.
16. Questions and Answers
•
•
•
•
Why did it start?
Cold war competitors raced to space to in
effort to acquire international prestige.
win loyalty around the world.
Gain military control of outer space.
Demonstrate the superiority of the politicaleconomic system.
17. Questions and Answers
Who was involved?
• The two Superpowers after WW2.
• Pace Setters of the race.
• Other nations such as France joined the race
not to win, but to place.
18. The Cold War
Cold War lead into a Space Race as a Arms Race.
• As Soviets adjusted to peace in central Europe and
spreading communism, United States was still
fighting in the Pacific.
• The dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan
demonstrated the power of this new weapon and in
part a warning to Stalin.
• United States lead the Arms Race by having 34
nuclear explosions, followed by the Soviet Union
which had 3, and the United Kingdom that had 1.
19. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
(1857-1935)
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
A Russian school teacher, developed the basic
theory of rocket propulsion.
Developed a series of sophisticated wind
tunnels, late 1890s
Analysis of rocket behavior under zero
gravity
Studied the stratosphere
Solved the problem of landing on planets
lacking atmospheres
Founded the theory of interplanetary
navigation
Showed the possibility of reaching orbital
velocities and interplanetary flight
Studied the problems with Earth’s artificial
satellites
Studied medical and biological issues with
long term space flight
20. Robert Hutchings Goddard
(1882-1945)
Worcester Polytechnic Institute of Clark
University,1908
Graduate Studies
Received his Doctorate
Taught physics
Conducted rocketry experiments
o 1914, two U.S. patents for liquid fueled rocket
engines
o Experimented with various nozzle designs
o Experiments showed that rockets could work in
a vacuum
o Designs were very primitive yet set the path for
future liquid fueled rocket success
o Launched the world’s first successful rocket on
March 16, 1926 in Massachusetts
o
21. Hermann Oberth
(1884-1989)
o
o
o
o
Pursued studies in Astronautics
Conducted experiments to simulate
weightlessness
Worked out a design for a long-range liquid
fueled rocket
Published:
The Rocket into Interplanetary Space,
1923
mathematically explained how a rocket
could escape Earth’s gravitational pull
using stages
Ways to Space Flight, 1929
described the development of electric and
ion propulsion
o
o
Liquid-propellant rocket, patent in 1931 from
the Romanian Patent Office
His assistant was Werner von Braun
22. Wernher von Braun
World War 2
• German rocket scientist, designed V-2
rockets.
• V-2 rockets carried warheads (missiles)
against enemy targets.
• Worked on 140 different missiles including
cruise missiles and radio controlled missiles.
• Several V-2 rockets and documents were
lost to the United States, the production
plant at Peenemunde went to the Soviets,
and the remaining legacy of the V-2 went to
France and Great Britain.
23. The Rocket Program
•
Soviets were familiar with rockets and
used rocket-artillery units on the Eastern
Front.
• Reopened Peenemnde as a rocket test
center and assigned East German
scientists, engineers, and factory workers
to work on rockets and missiles.
• Their rocket program was lead by Sergei
Korolov and they improved on the already
advanced German V-2 rocket missiles.
• 5 years after WW2, they had nuclear
bombs, ballistic and long range missiles,
while developing powerful rockets - a
high threat to the United States.
In August 1957 they launched the world’s
first intercontinental ballistic missile. A
news agency reported that “no part of
the earth is too far away: strategic air
forces are obsolete.”
•
Rocket and missile programs were
military sponsored.
• Missile ranges for testing were built in
New Mexico, California and Florida.
• The Air force established a program
called Project Paperclip whereby
German scientist and engineers could
come to the U.S to live and work on
improvements for the V-2 rocket. This
team had 82 members including
Werner Von Braun.
Ultimately, the military relied upon
bombers to deliver their conventional
and nuclear weapons and thus had a
under developed rocket program in
comparison to the Soviets.
25. Soviet Union Leads the Race
Them Bitches
The Sputnik 1 Satellite
– October 4, 1957
• Soviet Union launches the first manmade satellite into space.
• Begins the Space Race
• 184 pounds
• Orbits Earth every 96 minutes and
transmitted radio signals for 21 days.
• Important propaganda victory for the
Soviet Union and their leader, Nikita
Krushchev.
• Many Americans viewed the Sputnik as
a symbol for delivering nuclear
weapons.
26. Sputnik 2: First Crew in Space
• Launched November 3,
1957
• several compartments
for radio transmitters, a
programming unit, a
temperature control
system for the cabin, and
several scientific
instruments
• 1 person crew - Dog
named Laika. (FYI, he’s still out there)
27. American Pride
The achievements of the Soviets were blows to
American national pride and raised questions
about its presumed supremacy in science. The
American space program developed rapidly after
the Sputnik launch and transformed the National
Advisory Committee on Aeronautics into the civil
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Aviation was now aerospace and the race was to
see who’s achievements went out furthest.
28. John F. Kennedy
• John F. Kennedy was the President
of the United States at the time of
the Space Race and was very
involved with it.
• "I believe that this nation should
commit itself to achieving the
goal, before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the Moon and
returning him safely to the
Earth….We have a long way to go
in the space race. We started late.
But this is the new ocean, and I
believe the United States must sail
on it and be in a position second
to none.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
oQOu0IAdgaA
31. Achievements
May 5, 1961
Astronaut Alan
Shepard in a
Mercury capsule
called Freedom 7
reached
suborbital space
and became the
first American in
space.
32. Achievements
June 16, 1963
Selected because of
her parachute
skills, Valentina
Vladimirovna
Tereshova in
Vostok 6 became
the first women in
space.
33. Achievements
June 3, 1965
Edward H. White
became the first
American to walk
in space, to
complete an
extravehicular
activity (EVA)
when he exited
Gemini 4.
35. Achievements
July 20, 1969
Neil Armstrong became
the first human to
set foot on another
celestial body. Apollo
11 fulfilled President
Kennedy’s Challenge
of landing a man on
the moon and
returning him safely
back to earth.
36. End of the Cold War
• 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev = Soviet Premier (Communist Party Secretary,
Head of State).
• He began a program with two major changes:
– Glasnost: political openness (freedom of speech and of the press)
– Perestroika: economic restructuring (citizens can own their own
business)
• Caused:
– greater freedom of speech- publications and individuals could say
what they thought without fear of arrest
– political prisoners were released, since their “crimes” of speaking
against the government were no longer illegal
– inflation skyrocketed and black markets flourished
– multi-party elections began
• 1989 Gorbachev repudiated the Brezhnev Doctrine.
• 1989 = “Year of Miracles.”
37. “Collapse of the Soviet Union”
• Communist Party in the Soviet Union lost a majority in the elections
in June 1991.
• Boris Yeltsin – elected as Head of State in the newly renamed
“Russian Soviet Federated Soviet Republic.”
• September 6: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania declared
independence.
• December 1: Ukraine declared independence
• By December 8, 1991 all 15 republics of the “former Soviet Union”
were independent.
• On December 26, 1991 the USSR was officially dissolved and…THE
COLD WAR WAS OVER!
38. Refrences
• Petter LLanos Villarreal, La Guerra Fria 1945-1991 (Nov 10, 2012).
http://www.slideshare.net/pjllanosv/coldwar-15113219?qid=4dd5f8d1-bbc7•
•
4d2f-bf63-025c5d2c9c22&v=qf1&b=&from_search=6
larquinho, The teacher name (Dec 07, 2010).
http://www.slideshare.net/larquinho/coldwar-6054693?qid=4dd5f8d1-bbc7-4d2fbf63-025c5d2c9c22&v=qf1&b=&from_search=11
Cinemagrip, The space race (Sep 19, 2013).
http://www.slideshare.net/Cinemagrip/space-race-26331811?qid=fac8baff-38544267-94a0-96aac21e9ae7&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1
