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HISTORY YEAR 9 - THE COLD WAR
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between Western powers led by the US and Eastern powers led by the Soviet Union from 1945-1989. It arose due to ideological differences that divided Europe into Western and Eastern blocs, with the Iron Curtain symbolizing efforts by the Soviet Union to isolate itself and its satellite states. Though direct war was avoided due to nuclear deterrence, the conflict played out through regional proxy wars like in Korea and Vietnam, and crises like the Berlin Blockade increased tensions between the two superpowers.
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HISTORY YEAR 9 - THE COLD WAR
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- 2. THESTORY The story ofthe Cold War is the story of how two allies who defeated Hitler became competing superpowers who took the world to the brink of extinction.
- 3. WHYCOLD? For more than40 years (1945-1989) the USSR was in conflict with the West. But that conflict never came to open warfare. Why? It was mainly because the existence of nuclear weapons made hot war MAD (mutually assured destruction). That was why the conflict stayed a ‘cold war’; both sides tried to undermine and destroy each other, but not in a real war.
- 4. USA-USSR ALLIANCE BREAKING DOWN TheUSSR and the USA were separated by a huge ideological difference. So the only thing that held the allies together was the need to destroy Hitler’s Nazis. The USA was a capitalist democracy; the USSR was a communist dictatorship. Both sides believed that they held the key to the future happiness of the human race.
- 5. The Cold Warwas a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). There were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, in Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan that the two sides supported. DEFINITION
- 6. THE IRON CURTAIN Europe hadbeen divided by what Winston Churchill called an ‘iron curtain’. The term symbolized efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the west and non-Soviet- controlled areas.
- 8. MAJOR CRISIS The BerlinBlockade (1948–49) was the first major crisis of the Cold War. With victory of the Communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War (1950– 53), the conflict expanded.
- 9. THE EASTERN BLOC TheCentral and Eastern European territories liberated from the Nazis and occupied by the Soviet armed forces were added to the Eastern Bloc by converting them into satellite states, such as: East Germany Poland Bulgaria Hungary Czechoslovakia Romania
- 10. COLD WAR TIMELINE 1945 ‘A’-Bombdropped on Hiroshima + Nagasaki. USA ahead in the arms race. 1947 Marshall Aid to the west of Europe. Stalin of USSR refused it for Eastern Europe. 1948 Start of the Berlin Blockade – ended in 1949. 1949 NATO established; USSR exploded her first ‘A’-bomb; China becomes communist.
- 11. COLD WAR TIMELINE 1950 KoreanWar started. 1952 USA exploded her first hydrogen bomb. 1953 Korean War ended. USSR exploded her first hydrogen bomb. Stalin died. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. ‘Peaceful coexistence’ called for.
- 12. COLD WAR TIMELINE 1956 Hungaryrevolts against USSR. Suez Crisis. 1957 Sputnik launched. 1959 Cuba becomes a communist state. 1961 Military aid sent to Vietnam by USA for the first time. Berlin Wall built. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
- 13. COLD WAR TIMELINE 1963 Hugeincrease of American aid to Vietnam. 1965 USA openly involved in Vietnam. 1967 Six-Day War in Middle East. 1968 USSR invades Czechoslovakia.
- 14. COLD WAR TIMELINE 1973 YomKippur War. 1979 USSR invaded Afghanistan. 1986 Meeting in Iceland between USSR (Gorbachev) and USA (Reagan). 1987 INF Treaty signed.