HISTORY OF COLD WAR

1. The Cold War:
A World Divides

2. The Cold War:
• An ideological struggle between the two rival
superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union
after WWII.
• A war of “words and ideas” rather than a “hot war”
involving active combat.
• The U.S. and Soviet Union competed to see who would
become the biggest global superpower.
Superpower:
• A country with the potential or intent to control large
parts of the world through military strength.
The World after WWII

3. • The post-war world was divided into two ideologically
opposing blocs.
The West (U.S. & its allies)
• Ideology: democracy
• Western Europe
The East (Soviet Union & satellite states)
• Ideology: communism
• Eastern Europe and parts of Asia.
The Ideological Struggle

4. Iron Curtain: Phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the ideological
division of Europe into western (democratic) and eastern (communist) blocs.
The Iron Curtain

5. The Iron Curtain

6. The Berlin Wall

7. The Berlin Wall

8. The Berlin Wall

10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• U.S., Canada, and western European countries
form an alliance promising mutual protection
from the threat of Soviet expansion.
• To promote peaceful coexistence – peace and
economic ties between member nations.
NATO: Western Bloc

11. Warsaw Pact (1954):
• Soviet Union took political and military control of
eastern European countrie and turned them into
satellite states.
• Satellite state: “acts as a buffer” between the U.S.
and the Soviet Union.
• Nations not allowed to withdraw from the Warsaw
Pact (Hungary, 1956)
Warsaw Pact: Eastern Bloc

12. North American Air Defence Agreement
• Agreement signed between Canada & The U.S.
• Agreed that each would have its own air force,
but in the event of an attack, the air forces of
both countries would be used together.
• USA Commander, CAN second in command.
• Significance: Canada would be required to
participate in US conflicts in North America.
Do you support Canada’s involvement with NORAD?
Explain.
NORAD

13. 1) Creating spheres of influence:
• Spreading their political systems to other countries in
order to create alliances and gain political influence.
2) Nuclear Arms Race:
• Competition to create the largest nuclear arsenal.
3) Proxy Wars:
– War fought by one country but for, or in the interests of
another.
– Two countries fighting each other indirectly through smaller
states.
4)The Space Race
Features of the Cold War

14. The Space Race

15. • 1950s – late 1970s
• American-Soviet competition for supremacy in
space exploration and discovery.
• Early 1950s: Soviet space program more
advanced than NASA in the early stages of the
space race.
• 1957: The Soviet Union launches the world’s
first satellite in space – “Sputnik”
• 1961: Yuri Gargarin – Becomes the first human
to travel in space.
The Space Race

16. Yuri Gargarian

17. Sputnik

18. • May 25th 1961: U.S. President JFK announces
increased funding for NASA and declares the U.S.
goal of sending an American safely to the moon
before the end of the decade.
• Motivated by a desire to “catch up to the Soviets.”
JFK & The Moon Race

19. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUXuV7XbZ
vU
JFK Speech

20. NASA launches the Apollo Program:
• Goal: Land a man on the moon before the end
of the decade.
1969: Apollo 11 lands on the moon.
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first
men to walk on the moon.
NASA & The Apollo Program:

21. Apollo 11: (1969)
Apollo 11 Crew Neil Armstrong – first man to
land on the moon

22. “That’s one small step for man. One giant leap for
mankind.” - Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong – first man to walk
on the moon

23. Apollo 11 on the moon

24. The Nuclear Age

25. • The explosion of “Little Boy” symbolized the start of the
nuclear age.
• 1949: The Soviet Union detonates its first atomic bomb.
Nuclear Arms Race (1949-1990):
• The U.S. and Soviet Union compete to create the largest
nuclear arsenal.
• Both countries believed nuclear weapons would:
1) Show national strength and global influence
2) Ensure peace (how?)
The Nuclear Age

26. The Nuclear Arms Race
How could nuclear weapons ensure peace?
Mutual Deterrence – A theory that having huge
stockpiles of bombs would prevent countries
from attacking each other out of fear of
retaliation. If neither country attacks, the world
is at peace.
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) – If one
bloc of countries decided to use an atomic
bomb, the other bloc of countries would
respond by using its own bombs.

27. Espionage &
The Igor Gouzenko Affair

28. Read pg. 274 - 275.
1. Define espionage. What did people who performed espionage do?
1. Who was Igor Gouzenko?
1. In what ways was the Gouzenko Affair a “wake up call” to the West?
1. What does it mean to defect?
4. Would the discovery of a spy ring justify the decision to temporarily
take away peoples civil rights? Explain your decision.
The Igor Gouzenko Affair

29. • Soviet spy working at the Soviet Embassy in
Canada.
• In 1945, Gouzenko defected to the West and
attempted to reveal a “Soviet Spy Ring” in
Canada, Britain and the U.S.
• No one believed Gouzenko until officials from the
Soviet embassy attempted to abduct him and his
family – failed.
• Gouzenko released over 100 secret documents,
outlining the Soviet spy ring across the west.
• Gouzenko and his family were granted asylum.
The Igor Gouzenko Affair

30. Why is the Gouzenko Affair significant?
• In 1951, Ottawa amended the Citizenship
Act and used the War Measures Act to
enable authorities to take away the
citizenship of Canadians convicted of
disloyalty (Communist sympathizers) and
suspend civil rights.
The Igor Gouzenko Affair

31. Read. Pp. 388-389
1. Who is Fidel Castro and why is he significant?
2. Describe the most important changes to occur to Cuba following the revolution.
3. Summarize the causes, main events and aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
4. Why is the Cuban Missile Crisis often regarded as the "high point" or "tipping point" of the
Cold War?
5. Describe the Canadian response to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
6. How were Canadian-American relations affected by the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Cuban Missile Crisis